Provided by: e2fsprogs_1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3_amd64 bug

NAME

       tune2fs - adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems

SYNOPSIS

       tune2fs  [  -l  ]  [  -c  max-mount-counts  ] [ -e errors-behavior ] [ -f ] [ -i interval-
       between-checks ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-options ] [  -m  reserved-blocks-percentage  ]  [  -o
       [^]mount-options[,...]   ] [ -r reserved-blocks-count ] [ -s sparse-super-flag ] [ -u user
       ] [ -g group ] [ -C mount-count ] [ -E extended-options ] [ -L volume-name ]  [  -M  last-
       mounted-directory ] [ -O [^]feature[,...]  ] [ -Q quota-options ] [ -T time-last-checked ]
       [ -U UUID ] device

DESCRIPTION

       tune2fs allows the system administrator to adjust various tunable filesystem parameters on
       Linux  ext2,  ext3,  or  ext4  filesystems.   The  current  values of these options can be
       displayed by using the -l option to  tune2fs(8)  program,  or  by  using  the  dumpe2fs(8)
       program.

       The  device  specifier  can  either  be  a  filename (i.e., /dev/sda1), or a LABEL or UUID
       specifier:    "LABEL=volume-name"    or     "UUID=uuid".      (i.e.,     LABEL=home     or
       UUID=e40486c6-84d5-4f2f-b99c-032281799c9d).

OPTIONS

       -c max-mount-counts
              Adjust  the  number  of  mounts  after  which  the  filesystem  will  be checked by
              e2fsck(8).  If max-mount-counts is 0 or -1, the number of times the  filesystem  is
              mounted will be disregarded by e2fsck(8) and the kernel.

              Staggering  the  mount-counts  at which filesystems are forcibly checked will avoid
              all filesystems being checked at one time when using journaled filesystems.

              You should strongly consider the consequences  of  disabling  mount-count-dependent
              checking  entirely.   Bad  disk  drives,  cables, memory, and kernel bugs could all
              corrupt a filesystem without marking the filesystem dirty or in error.  If you  are
              using journaling on your filesystem, your filesystem will never be marked dirty, so
              it will not normally be checked.  A filesystem error detected by  the  kernel  will
              still  force  an fsck on the next reboot, but it may already be too late to prevent
              data loss at that point.

              See also the -i option for time-dependent checking.

       -C mount-count
              Set the number of times the filesystem has been mounted.  If set to a greater value
              than  the max-mount-counts parameter set by the -c option, e2fsck(8) will check the
              filesystem at the next reboot.

       -e error-behavior
              Change the behavior of the kernel code when errors are detected.  In all  cases,  a
              filesystem  error  will  cause  e2fsck(8) to check the filesystem on the next boot.
              error-behavior can be one of the following:

                   continue    Continue normal execution.

                   remount-ro  Remount filesystem read-only.

                   panic       Cause a kernel panic.

       -E extended-options
              Set extended options for the filesystem.  Extended options are comma separated, and
              may  take  an argument using the equals ('=') sign.  The following extended options
              are supported:

                   clear_mmp
                          Reset the MMP block (if any) back to the  clean  state.   Use  only  if
                          absolutely certain the device is not currently mounted or being fscked,
                          or major filesystem corruption can result.  Needs '-f'.

                   mmp_update_interval=interval
                          Adjust the initial MMP update interval to interval seconds.  Specifying
                          an  interval  of  0  means  to use the default interval.  The specified
                          interval must be less than 300 seconds.  Requires that the mmp  feature
                          be enabled.

                   stride=stride-size
                          Configure  the  filesystem for a RAID array with stride-size filesystem
                          blocks. This is the number of blocks read or  written  to  disk  before
                          moving  to  next  disk.  This  mostly  affects  placement of filesystem
                          metadata like bitmaps at mke2fs(2) time to  avoid  placing  them  on  a
                          single  disk,  which  can hurt the performance.  It may also be used by
                          block allocator.

                   stripe_width=stripe-width
                          Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with stripe-width  filesystem
                          blocks per stripe. This is typically be stride-size * N, where N is the
                          number of data disks in the RAID (e.g. RAID 5 N+1, RAID 6  N+2).   This
                          allows  the  block allocator to prevent read-modify-write of the parity
                          in a RAID stripe if possible when the data is written.

                   hash_alg=hash-alg
                          Set the default hash algorithm used for filesystems with hashed  b-tree
                          directories.  Valid algorithms accepted are: legacy, half_md4, and tea.

                   mount_opts=mount_option_string
                          Set  a  set  of  default mount options which will be used when the file
                          system is mounted.  Unlike  the  bitmask-based  default  mount  options
                          which  can  be  specified with the -o option, mount_option_string is an
                          arbitrary string with a maximum length of 63 bytes, which is stored  in
                          the superblock.

                          The  ext4 file system driver will first apply the bitmask-based default
                          options, and then parse the  mount_option_string,  before  parsing  the
                          mount options passed from the mount(8) program.

                          This  superblock setting is only honored in 2.6.35+ kernels; and not at
                          all by the ext2 and ext3 file system drivers.

                   test_fs
                          Set a flag in the filesystem  superblock  indicating  that  it  may  be
                          mounted using experimental kernel code, such as the ext4dev filesystem.

                   ^test_fs
                          Clear  the  test_fs  flag,  indicating  the  filesystem  should only be
                          mounted using production-level filesystem code.

       -f     Force the tune2fs operation to complete even in the face of errors.  This option is
              useful when removing the has_journal filesystem feature from a filesystem which has
              an external journal (or is corrupted such that  it  appears  to  have  an  external
              journal), but that external journal is not available.

              WARNING:  Removing  an  external  journal  from  a filesystem which was not cleanly
              unmounted without first replaying the external journal can result  in  severe  data
              loss and filesystem corruption.

       -g group
              Set  the  group  which can use the reserved filesystem blocks.  The group parameter
              can be a numerical gid or a group name.  If a group name is given, it is  converted
              to a numerical gid before it is stored in the superblock.

       -i  interval-between-checks[d|m|w]
              Adjust  the  maximal  time  between  two  filesystem  checks.   No suffix or d will
              interpret the number interval-between-checks as days, m as months, and w as  weeks.
              A value of zero will disable the time-dependent checking.

              It  is  strongly  recommended  that  either -c (mount-count-dependent) or -i (time-
              dependent) checking be enabled to force periodic full  e2fsck(8)  checking  of  the
              filesystem.   Failure to do so may lead to filesystem corruption (due to bad disks,
              cables, memory, or kernel bugs) going unnoticed, ultimately resulting in data  loss
              or corruption.

       -j     Add  an  ext3  journal  to  the filesystem.  If the -J option is not specified, the
              default journal parameters will be used to create an  appropriately  sized  journal
              (given  the  size  of  the filesystem) stored within the filesystem.  Note that you
              must be using a kernel which has ext3 support in order to actually make use of  the
              journal.

              If  this  option  is used to create a journal on a mounted filesystem, an immutable
              file, .journal, will be created in the top-level directory of the filesystem, as it
              is  the  only safe way to create the journal inode while the filesystem is mounted.
              While the ext3 journal is visible, it is not safe to delete it, or modify it  while
              the  filesystem  is  mounted;  for this reason the file is marked immutable.  While
              checking unmounted filesystems, e2fsck(8) will automatically move .journal files to
              the  invisible,  reserved  journal  inode.  For all filesystems except for the root
              filesystem,  this should happen automatically and naturally during the next  reboot
              cycle.   Since the root filesystem is mounted read-only, e2fsck(8) must be run from
              a rescue floppy in order to effect this transition.

              On some distributions, such as Debian, if an initial ramdisk is  used,  the  initrd
              scripts  will  automatically  convert  an  ext2  root  filesystem  to  ext3  if the
              /etc/fstab file specifies the ext3 filesystem for the root filesystem in  order  to
              avoid  requiring  the  use  of  a  rescue floppy to add an ext3 journal to the root
              filesystem.

       -J journal-options
              Override the default ext3 journal parameters. Journal options are comma  separated,
              and  may  take  an  argument  using  the equals ('=')  sign.  The following journal
              options are supported:

                   size=journal-size
                          Create  a  journal  stored  in  the  filesystem  of  size  journal-size
                          megabytes.    The  size of the journal must be at least 1024 filesystem
                          blocks (i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if  using  4k  blocks,  etc.)
                          and  may  be  no  more  than  102,400 filesystem blocks.  There must be
                          enough free space in the filesystem to create a journal of that size.

                   location=journal-location
                          Specify the location of the journal.  The argument journal-location can
                          either  be  specified  as  a block number, or if the number has a units
                          suffix (e.g., 'M', 'G', etc.) interpret  it  as  the  offset  from  the
                          beginning of the file system.

                   device=external-journal
                          Attach  the filesystem to the journal block device located on external-
                          journal.  The external journal must have been already created using the
                          command

                          mke2fs -O journal_dev external-journal

                          Note  that  external-journal must be formatted with the same block size
                          as filesystems which will be using it.  In  addition,  while  there  is
                          support  for  attaching  multiple  filesystems  to  a  single  external
                          journal, the Linux kernel and e2fsck(8) do not currently support shared
                          external journals yet.

                          Instead of specifying a device name directly, external-journal can also
                          be specified by either LABEL=label or UUID=UUID to locate the  external
                          journal  by  either  the  volume  label  or  UUID  stored  in  the ext2
                          superblock at the start of the journal.  Use dumpe2fs(8) to  display  a
                          journal  device's  volume  label  and  UUID.  See also the -L option of
                          tune2fs(8).

              Only one of the size or device options can be given for a filesystem.

       -l     List the contents of the filesystem superblock, including the current values of the
              parameters that can be set via this program.

       -L volume-label
              Set  the  volume label of the filesystem.  Ext2 filesystem labels can be at most 16
              characters long; if  volume-label  is  longer  than  16  characters,  tune2fs  will
              truncate  it  and  print  a  warning.   The  volume  label can be used by mount(8),
              fsck(8), and /etc/fstab(5) (and possibly others) by  specifying  LABEL=volume_label
              instead of a block special device name like /dev/hda5.

       -m reserved-blocks-percentage
              Set  the  percentage  of  the  filesystem which may only be allocated by privileged
              processes.   Reserving some number of  filesystem  blocks  for  use  by  privileged
              processes  is  done to avoid filesystem fragmentation, and to allow system daemons,
              such  as  syslogd(8),  to  continue  to  function  correctly  after  non-privileged
              processes  are  prevented  from  writing  to the filesystem.  Normally, the default
              percentage of reserved blocks is 5%.

       -M last-mounted-directory
              Set the last-mounted directory for the filesystem.

       -o [^]mount-option[,...]
              Set or clear the indicated default mount options in the filesystem.  Default  mount
              options  can be overridden by mount options specified either in /etc/fstab(5) or on
              the command line arguments  to  mount(8).   Older  kernels  may  not  support  this
              feature;  in  particular, kernels which predate 2.4.20 will almost certainly ignore
              the default mount options field in the superblock.

              More than one mount option can be  cleared  or  set  by  separating  features  with
              commas.  Mount options prefixed with a caret character ('^') will be cleared in the
              filesystem's superblock; mount options without a prefix character or prefixed  with
              a plus character ('+') will be added to the filesystem.

              The following mount options can be set or cleared using tune2fs:

                   debug  Enable debugging code for this filesystem.

                   bsdgroups
                          Emulate BSD behavior when creating new files: they will take the group-
                          id of the directory in which they were created.  The standard System  V
                          behavior is the default, where newly created files take on the fsgid of
                          the current process, unless the directory has the setgid  bit  set,  in
                          which  case  it  takes the gid from the parent directory, and also gets
                          the setgid bit set if it is a directory itself.

                   user_xattr
                          Enable user-specified extended attributes.

                   acl    Enable Posix Access Control Lists.

                   uid16  Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs.  This is for interoperability with older
                          kernels which only store and expect 16-bit values.

                   journal_data
                          When  the filesystem is mounted with journalling enabled, all data (not
                          just metadata) is committed into the journal  prior  to  being  written
                          into the main filesystem.

                   journal_data_ordered
                          When  the  filesystem  is mounted with journalling enabled, all data is
                          forced directly out to the main file system prior to its metadata being
                          committed to the journal.

                   journal_data_writeback
                          When  the  filesystem  is mounted with journalling enabled, data may be
                          written into the main filesystem after its metadata has been  committed
                          to  the  journal.   This may increase throughput, however, it may allow
                          old data to appear in files after a crash and journal recovery.

                   nobarrier
                          The file system will be mounted with barrier operations in the  journal
                          disabled.   (This  option  is currently only supported by the ext4 file
                          system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

                   block_validity
                          The file system will be mounted with the block_validity option enabled,
                          which causes extra checks to be performed after reading or writing from
                          the file system.  This prevents corrupted metadata blocks from  causing
                          file  system  damage  by  overwriting parts of the inode table or block
                          group descriptors.  This comes at the cost of increased memory and  CPU
                          overhead,  so  it is enabled only for debugging purposes.  (This option
                          is currently only supported by the ext4 file system driver  in  2.6.35+
                          kernels.)

                   discard
                          The  file  system  will be mounted with the discard mount option.  This
                          will cause the file system driver to attempt to  use  the  trim/discard
                          feature  of  some  storage  devices (such as SSD's and thin-provisioned
                          drives available in some  enterprise  storage  arrays)  to  inform  the
                          storage device that blocks belonging to deleted files can be reused for
                          other purposes.  (This option is currently only supported by  the  ext4
                          file system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

                   nodelalloc
                          The file system will be mounted with the nodelalloc mount option.  This
                          will disable the delayed allocation feature.  (This option is currently
                          only supported by the ext4 file system driver in 2.6.35+ kernels.)

       -O [^]feature[,...]
              Set  or  clear the indicated filesystem features (options) in the filesystem.  More
              than one filesystem feature can be cleared  or  set  by  separating  features  with
              commas.   Filesystem features prefixed with a caret character ('^') will be cleared
              in the filesystem's superblock; filesystem features without a prefix  character  or
              prefixed  with  a  plus  character  ('+')  will  be added to the filesystem.  For a
              detailed description of the file system features, please see the man page ext4(5).

              The following filesystem features can be set or cleared using tune2fs:

                   dir_index
                          Use hashed b-trees to speed up lookups for large directories.

                   dir_nlink
                          Allow more than 65000 subdirectories per directory.

                   extent Enable the use of extent trees to store the location of data blocks  in
                          inodes.

                   extra_isize
                          Enable the extended inode fields used by ext4.

                   filetype
                          Store file type information in directory entries.

                   flex_bg
                          Allow  bitmaps and inode tables for a block group to be placed anywhere
                          on the storage media.  Tune2fs will not reorganize the location of  the
                          inode  tables  and  allocation  bitmaps,  as  mke2fs(8) will do when it
                          creates a freshly formatted file system with flex_bg enabled.

                   has_journal
                          Use a journal to ensure  filesystem  consistency  even  across  unclean
                          shutdowns.   Setting  the filesystem feature is equivalent to using the
                          -j option.

                   huge_file
                          Support files larger than 2 terabytes in size.

                   large_file
                          Filesystem can contain files that are greater than 2GB.

                   resize_inode
                          Reserve space so the block group  descriptor  table  may  grow  in  the
                          future.  Tune2fs only supports clearing this filesystem feature.

                   mmp    Enable or disable multiple mount protection (MMP) feature.

                   quota  Enable internal file system quota inodes.

                   sparse_super
                          Limit  the  number  of  backup  superblocks  to  save  space  on  large
                          filesystems.

                   uninit_bg
                          Allow the kernel to initialize bitmaps and inode tables lazily, and  to
                          keep  a high watermark for the unused inodes in a filesystem, to reduce
                          e2fsck(8) time.  This first e2fsck run after enabling this feature will
                          take  the  full  time,  but  subsequent  e2fsck  runs  will take only a
                          fraction of the original time, depending on how full  the  file  system
                          is.

              After  setting  or  clearing  sparse_super,  uninit_bg,  filetype,  or resize_inode
              filesystem features, e2fsck(8)  must  be  run  on  the  filesystem  to  return  the
              filesystem to a consistent state.  Tune2fs will print a message requesting that the
              system administrator run e2fsck(8)  if  necessary.   After  setting  the  dir_index
              feature,  e2fsck -D can be run to convert existing directories to the hashed B-tree
              format.  Enabling certain filesystem features may prevent the filesystem from being
              mounted  by  kernels  which  do  not  support  those  features.  In particular, the
              uninit_bg and flex_bg features are only supported by the ext4 filesystem.

       -p mmp_check_interval
              Set the desired MMP check interval in seconds. It is 5 seconds by default.

       -r reserved-blocks-count
              Set the number of reserved filesystem blocks.

       -Q quota-options
              Sets 'quota' feature on the superblock and works on the quota files for  the  given
              quota type. Quota options could be one or more of the following:

                   [^]usrquota
                          Sets/clears user quota inode in the superblock.

                   [^]grpquota
                          Sets/clears group quota inode in the superblock.

       -T time-last-checked
              Set the time the filesystem was last checked using e2fsck.  The time is interpreted
              using the current (local) timezone.  This can be useful  in  scripts  which  use  a
              Logical  Volume  Manager  to  make  a consistent snapshot of a filesystem, and then
              check the filesystem during off hours to make sure it hasn't been corrupted due  to
              hardware  problems, etc.  If the filesystem was clean, then this option can be used
              to set the last checked time on the original filesystem.  The format of  time-last-
              checked  is  the  international  date format, with an optional time specifier, i.e.
              YYYYMMDD[HH[MM[SS]]].   The keyword now is also accepted, in which  case  the  last
              checked time will be set to the current time.

       -u user
              Set  the  user who can use the reserved filesystem blocks.  user can be a numerical
              uid or a user name.  If a user name is given, it is converted to  a  numerical  uid
              before it is stored in the superblock.

       -U UUID
              Set the universally unique identifier (UUID) of the filesystem to UUID.  The format
              of  the  UUID  is  a  series  of  hex  digits  separated  by  hyphens,  like  this:
              "c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16".   The UUID parameter may also be one of the
              following:

                   clear  clear the filesystem UUID

                   random generate a new randomly-generated UUID

                   time   generate a new time-based UUID

              The UUID may be used by mount(8), fsck(8), and /etc/fstab(5) (and possibly  others)
              by specifying UUID=uuid instead of a block special device name like /dev/hda1.

              See  uuidgen(8)  for  more  information.  If the system does not have a good random
              number generator such as /dev/random or /dev/urandom,  tune2fs  will  automatically
              use a time-based UUID instead of a randomly-generated UUID.

BUGS

       We haven't found any bugs yet.  That doesn't mean there aren't any...

AUTHOR

       tune2fs  was written by Remy Card <Remy.Card@linux.org>.  It is currently being maintained
       by Theodore Ts'o  <tytso@alum.mit.edu>.   tune2fs  uses  the  ext2fs  library  written  by
       Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>.  This manual page was written by Christian Kuhtz <chk@data-
       hh.Hanse.DE>.  Time-dependent checking was added by Uwe Ohse <uwe@tirka.gun.de>.

AVAILABILITY

       tune2fs   is   part    of    the    e2fsprogs    package    and    is    available    from
       http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.

SEE ALSO

       debugfs(8), dumpe2fs(8), e2fsck(8), mke2fs(8), ext4(5)