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NAME

       Xorg - X11R7 X server

SYNOPSIS

       Xorg [:display] [option ...]

DESCRIPTION

       Xorg  is  a  full  featured  X  server that was originally designed for UNIX and UNIX-like
       operating systems running on Intel x86 hardware.  It now runs on a wider range of hardware
       and OS platforms.

       This  work  was  derived by the X.Org Foundation from the XFree86 Project's XFree86 4.4rc2
       release.  The XFree86 release was originally derived from X386 1.2 by Thomas  Roell  which
       was contributed to X11R5 by Snitily Graphics Consulting Service.

PLATFORMS

       Xorg  operates  under a wide range of operating systems and hardware platforms.  The Intel
       x86 (IA32) architecture is the most widely supported hardware  platform.   Other  hardware
       platforms  include  Compaq  Alpha,  Intel IA64, AMD64, SPARC and PowerPC.  The most widely
       supported operating systems are the  free/OpenSource  UNIX-like  systems  such  as  Linux,
       FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Solaris.  Commercial UNIX operating systems such as UnixWare
       are also supported.  Other supported operating systems include GNU  Hurd.   Mac  OS  X  is
       supported  with  the  Xquartz(1)  X  server.  Win32/Cygwin is supported with the XWin(1) X
       server.

NETWORK CONNECTIONS

       Xorg supports connections made using the following reliable byte-streams:

       Local
           On most platforms, the "Local" connection type  is  a  UNIX-domain  socket.   On  some
           System  V  platforms,  the  "local" connection types also include STREAMS pipes, named
           pipes, and some other mechanisms.  See the "LOCAL CONNECTIONS"  section  of  X(7)  for
           details.

       TCP/IP
           Xorg  listens  on port 6000+n, where n is the display number.  This connection type is
           usually disabled by default, but may be enabled  with  the  -listen  option  (see  the
           Xserver(1) man page for details).

OPTIONS

       Xorg  supports  several  mechanisms  for  supplying/obtaining  configuration  and run-time
       parameters: command line options, environment variables,  the  xorg.conf(5)  configuration
       files,  auto-detection,  and  fallback defaults.  When the same information is supplied in
       more than one way, the highest precedence mechanism is used.  The list  of  mechanisms  is
       ordered  from  highest precedence to lowest.  Note that not all parameters can be supplied
       via all methods.  The available command line options and environment variables  (and  some
       defaults)  are  described here and in the Xserver(1) manual page.  Most configuration file
       parameters, with their defaults, are described in the xorg.conf(5)  manual  page.   Driver
       and  module  specific  configuration  parameters  are  described in the relevant driver or
       module manual page.

       In addition to the normal server options described in the  Xserver(1)  manual  page,  Xorg
       accepts the following command line switches:

       vtXX    XX specifies the Virtual Terminal device number which Xorg will use.  Without this
               option, Xorg will pick the first available Virtual Terminal that  it  can  locate.
               This  option applies only to platforms that have virtual terminal support, such as
               Linux, BSD, OpenSolaris, SVR3, and SVR4.

       -allowMouseOpenFail
               Allow the server to start  up  even  if  the  mouse  device  can't  be  opened  or
               initialised.   This  is  equivalent  to  the  AllowMouseOpenFail xorg.conf(5) file
               option.

       -allowNonLocalXvidtune
               Make the VidMode extension available to remote clients.  This allows the  xvidtune
               client   to   connect   from   another   host.    This   is   equivalent   to  the
               AllowNonLocalXvidtune xorg.conf(5) file option.  By default non-local  connections
               are not allowed.

       -bgamma value
               Set  the blue gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The default is
               1.0.  Not all drivers support this.  See also the  -gamma,  -rgamma,  and  -ggamma
               options.

       -bpp n  No  longer  supported.   Use  -depth to set the color depth, and use -fbbpp if you
               really need to force a non-default framebuffer (hardware) pixel format.

       -config file
               Read the server configuration from file.  This option will work for any file  when
               the  server  is  run  as  root  (i.e, with real-uid 0), or for files relative to a
               directory in the config search path for all other users.

       -configdir directory
               Read the server configuration files from directory.  This option will work for any
               directory  when  the  server  is  run  as  root  (i.e,  with  real-uid  0), or for
               directories relative to a directory in the config directory search  path  for  all
               other users.

       -configure
               When  this  option  is  specified, the Xorg server loads all video driver modules,
               probes for available hardware, and writes out an initial xorg.conf(5)  file  based
               on  what was detected.  This option currently has some problems on some platforms,
               but in most cases it is a good way to bootstrap the configuration  process.   This
               option is only available when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -crt /dev/ttyXX
               SCO  only.   This  is the same as the vt option, and is provided for compatibility
               with the native SCO X server.

       -depth n
               Sets the default color depth.  Legal values are 1, 4, 8, 15, 16, and 24.  Not  all
               drivers support all values.

       -disableVidMode
               Disable  the parts of the VidMode extension (used by the xvidtune client) that can
               be  used   to   change   the   video   modes.    This   is   equivalent   to   the
               DisableVidModeExtension xorg.conf(5) file option.

       -fbbpp n
               Sets the number of framebuffer bits per pixel.  You should only set this if you're
               sure it's necessary; normally the server can deduce the correct value from  -depth
               above.   Useful  if  you  want  to  run  a  depth  24  configuration with a 24 bpp
               framebuffer rather than the (possibly default) 32 bpp framebuffer (or vice versa).
               Legal values are 1, 8, 16, 24, 32.  Not all drivers support all values.

       -flipPixels
               Swap the default values for the black and white pixels.

       -gamma value
               Set  the gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The default is 1.0.
               This value is applied equally to the R, G and B values.  Those values can  be  set
               independently  with  the  -rgamma,  -bgamma, and -ggamma options.  Not all drivers
               support this.

       -ggamma value
               Set the green gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The default is
               1.0.   Not  all  drivers  support this.  See also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -bgamma
               options.

       -ignoreABI
               The Xorg server checks the ABI revision levels of each module that it  loads.   It
               will  normally  refuse  to load modules with ABI revisions that are newer than the
               server's.  This is because such modules might use interfaces that the server  does
               not have.  When this option is specified, mismatches like this are downgraded from
               fatal errors to warnings.  This option should be used with care.

       -isolateDevice bus-id
               Restrict device resets to the device at bus-id.  The bus-id string  has  the  form
               bustype:bus:device:function  (e.g.,  ‘PCI:1:0:0’).   At present, only isolation of
               PCI devices is supported; i.e., this option is  ignored  if  bustype  is  anything
               other than ‘PCI’.

       -keeptty
               Prevent the server from detaching its initial controlling terminal. If you want to
               use systemd-logind integration you must specify this option.   Not  all  platforms
               support (or can use) this option.

       -keyboard keyboard-name
               Use  the  xorg.conf(5)  file  InputDevice section called keyboard-name as the core
               keyboard.  This option is  ignored  when  the  Layout  section  specifies  a  core
               keyboard.   In  the  absence  of  both a Layout section and this option, the first
               relevant InputDevice section is used for the core keyboard.

       -layout layout-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5) file Layout section called layout-name.  By default the first
               Layout section is used.

       -logfile filename
               Use  the  file  called filename as the Xorg server log file.  The default log file
               when  running  as  root  is  /var/log/Xorg.n.log  and   for   non   root   it   is
               $XDG_DATA_HOME/xorg/Xorg.n.log  where  n is the display number of the Xorg server.
               The default may be in a different directory on some  platforms.   This  option  is
               only available when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -logverbose [n]
               Sets  the verbosity level for information printed to the Xorg server log file.  If
               the n value isn't supplied, each occurrence of this option increments the log file
               verbosity  level.   When  the n value is supplied, the log file verbosity level is
               set to that value.  The default log file verbosity level is 3.

       -modulepath searchpath
               Set the module search path to searchpath.  searchpath is a comma separated list of
               directories to search for Xorg server modules.  This option is only available when
               the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

       -noautoBindGPU
               Disable automatically setting secondary  GPUs  up  as  output  sinks  and  offload
               sources.  This  is equivalent to setting the AutoBindGPU xorg.conf(5) file option.
               To false.

       -nosilk Disable Silken Mouse support.

       -novtswitch
               Disable the automatic switching on X server reset and shutdown to the VT that  was
               active when the server started, if supported by the OS.

       -pixmap24
               Set  the  internal  pixmap  format for depth 24 pixmaps to 24 bits per pixel.  The
               default is usually 32 bits per pixel.  There is normally little reason to use this
               option.  Some client applications don't like this pixmap format, even though it is
               a perfectly legal format.  This is equivalent  to  the  Pixmap  xorg.conf(5)  file
               option.

       -pixmap32
               Set the internal pixmap format for depth 24 pixmaps to 32 bits per pixel.  This is
               usually the default.  This is equivalent to the Pixmap xorg.conf(5) file option.

       -pointer pointer-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5) file InputDevice section  called  pointer-name  as  the  core
               pointer.  This option is ignored when the Layout section specifies a core pointer.
               In the absence of both a Layout  section  and  this  option,  the  first  relevant
               InputDevice section is used for the core pointer.

       -quiet  Suppress  most  informational  messages at startup.  The verbosity level is set to
               zero.

       -rgamma value
               Set the red gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1 and 10.  The  default  is
               1.0.   Not  all  drivers  support this.  See also the -gamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma
               options.

       -sharevts
               Share virtual terminals with another X server, if supported by the OS.

       -screen screen-name
               Use the xorg.conf(5) file Screen  section  called  screen-name.   By  default  the
               screens  referenced  by  the  default Layout section are used, or the first Screen
               section when there are no Layout sections.

       -showconfig
               This is the same as  the  -version  option,  and  is  included  for  compatibility
               reasons.   It may be removed in a future release, so the -version option should be
               used instead.

       -showDefaultModulePath
               Print out the default module path the server was compiled with.

       -showDefaultLibPath
               Print out the path libraries should be installed to.

       -showopts
               For each driver module installed, print out the list of options and their argument
               types.

       -weight nnn
               Set  RGB  weighting  at  16  bpp.  The default is 565.  This applies only to those
               drivers which support 16 bpp.

       -verbose [n]
               Sets the verbosity level for information printed on stderr.  If the n value  isn't
               supplied, each occurrence of this option increments the verbosity level.  When the
               n value is supplied, the verbosity level  is  set  to  that  value.   The  default
               verbosity level is 0.

       -version
               Print   out   the   server   version,  patchlevel,  release  date,  the  operating
               system/platform it was built on, and whether it includes module loader support.

KEYBOARD

       The Xorg server is normally configured to recognize various special  combinations  of  key
       presses  that instruct the server to perform some action, rather than just sending the key
       press event to a client application. These actions depend on the XKB keymap  loaded  by  a
       particular keyboard device and may or may not be available on a given configuration.

       The following key combinations are commonly part of the default XKEYBOARD keymap.

       Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
               Immediately  kills the server -- no questions asked. It can be disabled by setting
               the DontZap xorg.conf(5) file option to a TRUE value.

               It should be noted that zapping is triggered by the Terminate_Server action in the
               keyboard  map.  This  action is not part of the default keymaps but can be enabled
               with the XKB option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp".

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Plus
               Change video mode to next one specified in the configuration file.   This  can  be
               disabled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Minus
               Change  video  mode to previous one specified in the configuration file.  This can
               be disabled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5) file option.

       Ctrl+Alt+F1...F12
               For systems with virtual terminal support, these keystroke combinations  are  used
               to  switch  to virtual terminals 1 through 12, respectively.  This can be disabled
               with the DontVTSwitch xorg.conf(5) file option.

CONFIGURATION

       Xorg typically uses a configuration file called xorg.conf and configuration files with the
       suffix  .conf  in  a  directory  called  xorg.conf.d  for its initial setup.  Refer to the
       xorg.conf(5) manual page for information about the format of this file.

       Xorg has a mechanism for automatically generating a  built-in  configuration  at  run-time
       when  no  xorg.conf  file  or  xorg.conf.d files are present.  The current version of this
       automatic configuration mechanism works in two ways.

       The first is via enhancements that  have  made  many  components  of  the  xorg.conf  file
       optional.   This  means  that information that can be probed or reasonably deduced doesn't
       need to be specified explicitly, greatly reducing the  amount  of  built-in  configuration
       information that needs to be generated at run-time.

       The second is to have "safe" fallbacks for most configuration information.  This maximises
       the likelihood that the Xorg server will start up in some usable configuration  even  when
       information about the specific hardware is not available.

       The  automatic  configuration support for Xorg is work in progress.  It is currently aimed
       at the most popular hardware and software platforms supported by Xorg.   Enhancements  are
       planned for future releases.

FILES

       The  Xorg  server config files can be found in a range of locations.  These are documented
       fully in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.  The most commonly used locations are shown here.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf-4          Server configuration file.

       /etc/xorg.conf                Server configuration file.

       /usr/etc/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

       /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf        Server configuration file.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

       /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d-4        Server configuration directory.

       /etc/xorg.conf.d              Server configuration directory.

       /usr/etc/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

       /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d      Server configuration directory.

       /var/log/Xorg.n.log           Server log file for display n.

       /usr/bin/                    Client binaries.

       /usr/include/                Header files.

       /usr/lib/                    Libraries.

       /usr/share/fonts/X11/∗        Fonts.

       /usr/share/X11/XErrorDB       Client error message database.

       /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/∗   Client resource specifications.

       /usr/share/man/man?/∗         Manual pages.

       /etc/Xn.hosts                 Initial access control list for display n.

SEE ALSO

       X(7), Xserver(1),  xdm(1),  xinit(1),  xorg.conf(5),  xvidtune(1),  xkeyboard-config  (7),
       apm(4),  ati(4),  chips(4),  cirrus(4),  cyrix(4),  fbdev(4), glide(4), glint(4), i128(4),
       i740(4), imstt(4), intel(4), mga(4), neomagic(4), nsc(4), nv(4), openchrome (4),  r128(4),
       rendition(4),  s3virge(4),  siliconmotion(4),  sis(4),  sunbw2(4),  suncg14(4), suncg3(4),
       suncg6(4), sunffb(4), sunleo(4), suntcx(4), tdfx(4), tga(4), trident(4), tseng(4), v4l(4),
       vesa(4), vmware(4),
       Web site <http://www.x.org>.

AUTHORS

       Xorg  has  many  contributors  world  wide.  The names of most of them can be found in the
       documentation, ChangeLog files in the source tree, and in the actual source code.

       Xorg was originally based on XFree86 4.4rc2.  That was originally based  on  X386  1.2  by
       Thomas Roell, which was contributed to the then X Consortium's X11R5 distribution by SGCS.

       Xorg is released by the X.Org Foundation.

       The  project that became XFree86 was originally founded in 1992 by David Dawes, Glenn Lai,
       Jim Tsillas and David Wexelblat.

       XFree86 was later integrated in the then X  Consortium's  X11R6  release  by  a  group  of
       dedicated XFree86 developers, including the following:

           Stuart Anderson    anderson@metrolink.com
           Doug Anson         danson@lgc.com
           Gertjan Akkerman   akkerman@dutiba.twi.tudelft.nl
           Mike Bernson       mike@mbsun.mlb.org
           Robin Cutshaw      robin@XFree86.org
           David Dawes        dawes@XFree86.org
           Marc Evans         marc@XFree86.org
           Pascal Haible      haible@izfm.uni-stuttgart.de
           Matthieu Herrb     Matthieu.Herrb@laas.fr
           Dirk Hohndel       hohndel@XFree86.org
           David Holland      davidh@use.com
           Alan Hourihane     alanh@fairlite.demon.co.uk
           Jeffrey Hsu        hsu@soda.berkeley.edu
           Glenn Lai          glenn@cs.utexas.edu
           Ted Lemon          mellon@ncd.com
           Rich Murphey       rich@XFree86.org
           Hans Nasten        nasten@everyware.se
           Mark Snitily       mark@sgcs.com
           Randy Terbush      randyt@cse.unl.edu
           Jon Tombs          tombs@XFree86.org
           Kees Verstoep      versto@cs.vu.nl
           Paul Vixie         paul@vix.com
           Mark Weaver        Mark_Weaver@brown.edu
           David Wexelblat    dwex@XFree86.org
           Philip Wheatley    Philip.Wheatley@ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM
           Thomas Wolfram     wolf@prz.tu-berlin.de
           Orest Zborowski    orestz@eskimo.com

       Xorg source is available from the FTP server <ftp://ftp.x.org/>, and from the X.Org server
       <http://gitweb.freedesktop.org/>.  Documentation and other information can be  found  from
       the X.Org web site <http://www.x.org/>.

LEGAL

       Xorg  is  copyright  software,  provided  under  licenses  that  permit  modification  and
       redistribution in source and binary form without  fee.   Xorg  is  copyright  by  numerous
       authors  and  contributors  from  around the world.  Licensing information can be found at
       <http://www.x.org>.  Refer to the source code for specific copyright notices.

       XFree86(TM) is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc.

       X11(TM) and X Window System(TM) are trademarks of The Open Group.