NAME

       dbutil - database utility

SYNOPSIS

       dbutil {-d | --dump} dbfile

       dbutil {-q | --query} [-t] dbfile key

       dbutil {-u | --update} [-n] dbfile key [value]

       dbutil {-x | --delete} dbfile key

       dbutil -t [date | [+|-]interval]

DESCRIPTION

       The dbutil program maintains a database of key-value pairs that can be queried and updated
       from the command line.  For each such pair in the database, it also keeps an expiration
       time, so that unused entries can be purged from the database.  dbutil must be given an
       option specifying in which mode to run the program.  The following modes are available:

       --dump (-d)
           Prints the contents of the database.  Each database entry is printed in one of the the
           following two formats, depending on whether the record has an expiration time:

               key value

               key value (expiration-time)

       --query (-q)
           Prints the value of a particular key in the database.  If the -t flag is also
           specified, prints the expiration time of the record.  In addition, the --expire flag
           can be specified to update the expiration time on the record.  Exits 0 if the key was
           found, 1 if the key was not in the database, or 2 if there is a system error.

       --update (-u)
           Sets the value of a key in the database to a particular value.  If no value is
           supplied, sets the value to the empty string (which is not the same as deleting the
           record).  The --expire flag can also be specified to set an expiration time on the
           record.

           Ordinarily, this option overwrites any previous value in the database.  If the -n
           option is supplied, dbutil will not overwrite a previously stored value in the
           database (and will not update the expiration time on the record).  Exits 0 if the key
           was found, 1 if -n was specified and the key was already in the database, or 2 if
           there is a system error.

       --expire={date | [+|-]interval}
           This option can be specified in conjunction with --update or --query to set an
           expiration time on the record.  The option has two formats.  You can either specify an
           absolute time, as the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 GMT, or you can specify an
           offset from the current time with the format:

               [+|-]countunits

           Where + means in the future, - means in the past, count is a number, and units is one
           of the following characters:

           s - seconds
           m - minutes
           h - hours
           D - days
           W - weeks
           M - months
           Y - years

           For example --expire=+36D means the record will be deleted in 36 days.  If you always
           look up key with the command:

               dbutil --query --expire=+36D key

           then the key will only expire if you do not look it up within 36 days.

           Note that dbutil keeps a sorted list of the records by time of last access.  Thus,
           purging old records is not an inherently expensive operation, and happens
           automatically whenever you modify the database.

       --nosync (-N)
           Ordinarily, dbutil synchronously flushes the database file to disk after making any
           modifications, to minimize the window of vulnerability in which a crash could corrupt
           the database (if the --dbhome option is not supplied).  Synchronously flushing the
           database file is slow, however.  This option suppresses that behavior, and can be used
           to build lookup tables efficiently.  For example, you might have a script that builds
           a file x.db by issuing the following commands:

                   #!/bin/sh -e
                   rm -f x.db~
                   dbutil -Nu x.db~ key1 val1
                   dbutil -Nu x.db~ key2 val2
                   # ...
                   dbutil -Nu x.db~ keyn valn
                   dbutil -u @ @
                   mv -f x.db~ x.db

       --delete (-x)
           Deletes a particular key from the database (if the database contains the key).  Exits
           0 if the key was found, 1 if the key was not in the database, or 2 if there was a
           system error.

       -t [date|interval]
           With no options, prints the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970, GMT.  With an
           argument that takes the same format as --expire, prints the expiration time as an
           absolute number of seconds since 1970.  Not really a database function, but useful hen
           you want to store a timestamp in the database.

           Note that -t can also be combined with the --query option, in which case it causes
           dbutil to print the expiration time of the key, rather than its value.

       dbutil attempts to minimize the damage from an inopportune crash by flushing the database
       file to disk whenever it is modified.  However, there is still a small window in which
       your database can be irrevocably corrupted.  This may be alright if you are just using the
       database to store "soft state".

       If you want the database to be recoverable under any circumstances, you must use write-
       ahead logging, in which case dbutil needs to keep a directory with database logs, not just
       a single database file.  The following option specifies where to keep the log files.  It
       must be used in conjunction with the other options for each mode except -t:

       --dbhome=dbhome
           Specifies that database log files should be kept in directory dbhome (which will be
           created if it does not already exist).  Note that database files with relative
           pathnames will also be stored in this directory.  It is highly recommended that you
           use relative pathnames so as to store database files and log files together.
           Otherwise, you run the risk of accessing a logged database without the --dbhome option
           and trashing its contents.

ENVIRONMENT

       DB_HOME
           When set, specifies a directory in which to keep log files, so as to make the database
           crash-recoverable.  This is equivalent to specifying the option --dbhome=$DB_HOME
           (except that any actual --dbhome argument will override the environment variable).

SEE ALSO

       avenger(1)

       The Mail Avenger home page: <http://www.mailavenger.org/>.

BUGS

       If you do not use the --dbhome option or DB_HOME environment variable and your machine
       crashes at the wrong time, you can lose your whole database.

       The --dbhome may or may not work if the directory is stored on NFS; it depends on the NFS
       implementation.

       If you access the database from multiple machines simultaneously, you will likely corrupt
       the database.  Accessing from multiple processes on one machine is fine, because dbutil
       does locking.

       If you ever access the same database file with and without the --dbhome option (or
       DB_HOME), you will probably irrevocably trash it.  For that reason, databases with
       relative pathnames are actually stored in the log directory.

AUTHOR

       David Mazieres