Provided by: proj-bin_4.9.3-2_amd64 
NAME
proj - forward cartographic projection filter
invproj - inverse cartographic projection filter
SYNOPSIS
proj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTvVwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
invproj [ -bcCeEfiIlmorsStTwW [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
DESCRIPTION
Proj and invproj perform respective forward and inverse transformation of cartographic data to or from
cartesian data with a wide range of selectable projection functions.
The following control parameters can appear in any order:
-b Special option for binary coordinate data input and output through standard input and standard
output. Data is assumed to be in system type double floating point words. This option is to be
used when proj is a son process and allows bypassing formatting operations.
-i Selects binary input only (see -b option).
-C Check. Invoke all built in self tests and report. Get more verbose report by preceding with the
-V option).
-I alternate method to specify inverse projection. Redundant when used with invproj.
-o Selects binary output only (see -b option).
-ta A specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control line to be passed
through without processing. This option applicable to ascii input only. (# is the default
value).
-e string
String is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during data transformations.
The default value is: *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o options are employed, an error is
returned as HUGE_VAL value for both return values.
-E causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to printing the converted
values.
-l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id
List projection identifiers with -l, -lp or -lP (expanded) that can be selected with +proj. -l=id
gives expanded description of projection id. List ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can be
selected with +ellps, -lu list of cartesian to meter conversion factors that can be selected with
+units or -ld list of datums that can be selected with +datum.
-r This options reverses the order of the expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-
longitude or y-x.
-s This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-
longitude.
-S Causes estimation of meridinal and parallel scale factors, area scale factor and angular
distortion, and maximum and minimum scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point.
For conformal projections meridinal and parallel scales factors will be equal and angular
distortion zero. Equal area projections will have an area factor of 1.
-m mult
The cartesian data may be scaled by the mult parameter. When processing data in a forward
projection mode the cartesian output values are multiplied by mult otherwise the input cartesian
values are divided by mult before inverse projection. If the first two characters of mult are 1/
or 1: then the reciprocal value of mult is employed.
-f format
Format is a printf format string to control the form of the output values. For inverse
projections, the output will be in degrees when this option is employed. The default format is
"%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.
-[w|W]n
N is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output (when the option is
not specified, -w3 is assumed). When -W is employed the fields will be constant width and with
leading zeroes.
-v causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by the program to be
printed prior to input data. Should not be used with the -T option.
-V This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the characteristics of the projected point.
-v is implied with this option.
-T ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]
This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial coefficients that approximate the
selected cartographic projection on stdout. The values low and hi denote the range of the input
where the u or v prefixes apply to respective longitude-x or latitude-y depending upon whether a
forward or inverse projection is selected. Res is an integer number specifying the power of 10
precision of the approximation. For example, a res of -3 specifies an approximation with an
accuracy better than .001. Umax, and vmax specify maximum degree of the polynomials (default:
15). See also: fproj(1).
The +args run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters and usage varies with projection
and for a complete description see Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment—A User's
Manual and supplementary documentation for Release 4.
Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two auxiliary control files: the first is
optionally referenced with the +init=file:id and the second is always processed after the name of the
projection has been established from either the run-line or the contents of +init file. The environment
parameter PROJ_LIB establishes the default directory for a file reference without an absolute path. This
is also used for supporting files like datum shift files.
One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source of data to be transformed. A -
will specify the location of processing standard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed
to be from stdin. For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the first two white space
separated fields and when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions of the input line are
appended to the output line.
Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input cartesian data must be in
units consistent with the ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordinates
will be in DMS (if the -w switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001" with trailing, zero-valued
minute-second fields deleted.
EXAMPLE
The following script
proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
45d15'33.1" 111.5W
45d15.551666667N -111d30
+45.25919444444 111d30'000w
EOF
will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM central meridian nearest longitude 112°W. The
geographic values of this example are equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input.
The x-y output data will appear as three lines of:
460769.27 5011648.45
OTHER PROGRAMS
The proj program is limited to converting between geographic and projection coordinates within one datum.
The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows translation between any pair of definable coordinate
systems, including support for datum translation.
The geod program provides the ability to compute geodesic (Great Circle) computations.
SEE ALSO
cs2cs(1), geod(1), pj_init(3), Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment—A User's Manual, (Evenden, 1990, Open-file report 90-284). Map Projections Used by the U. S. Geological Survey (Snyder, 1984, USGS Bulletin 1532). Map Projections—A Working Manual (Snyder, 1988, USGS Prof. Paper 1395). An Album of Map Projections (Snyder & Voxland, 1989, USGS Prof. Paper 1453).
BUGS
A list of known bugs can found at https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/issues where new bug reports can be
submitted too.
HOME PAGE
http://proj4.org/ 2000/03/21 Rel. 4.4 PROJ(1)