Provided by: pbgenomicconsensus_2.1.0-1_all 
NAME
variantCaller - variant-calling algorithms for PacBio sequencing data
SYNOPSIS
variantCaller is invoked from the command line. For example, a simple invocation is:
variantCaller -j8 --algorithm=quiver \
-r lambdaNEB.fa \
-o variants.gff \
aligned_reads.cmp.h5
which requests that variant calling proceed, - using 8 worker processes, - employing the quiver
algorithm, - taking input from the file aligned_reads.cmp.h5, - using the FASTA file lambdaNEB.fa as the
reference, - and writing output to variants.gff (see pbgff(5)).
A particularly useful option is --referenceWindow/-w: this option allows the user to direct the tool to
perform variant calling exclusively on a window of the reference genome, where the
OPTIONS
variantCaller --help
will provide a help message explaining all available options.
NOTES
Input and output
variantCaller requires two input files:
• A file of reference-aligned reads in PacBio's standard cmp.h5 format;
• A FASTA file that has been processed by ReferenceUploader.
The tool's output is formatted in the GFF format, as described in (how to link to other file?). External
tools can be used to convert the GFF file to a VCF or BED file---two other standard interchange formats
for variant calling.
note
Input cmp.h5 file requirements
variantCaller requires its input cmp.h5 file to be be sorted. An unsorted file can be sorting
using the tool cmpH5Sort.py.
The quiver(1) algorithm in variantCaller requires its input cmp.h5 file to have the following
pulse features: - InsQV, - SubsQV, - DelQV, - DelTag, - MergeQV.
The plurality(1) algorithm can be run on cmp.h5 files that lack these features.
The input file is the main argument to variantCaller, while the output file is provided as an argument to
the -o flag. For example,
variantCaller aligned_reads.cmp.h5 -r lambda.fa -o variants.gff
will read input from aligned_reads.cmp.h5, using the reference lambda.fa, and send output to the file
variants.gff. The extension of the filename provided to the -o flag is meaningful, as it determines the
output file format. The file formats presently supported, by extension, are
.gff GFFv3 format
.txt a simplified human readable format used primarily by the developers
If the -o flag is not provided, the default behavior is to output to a variants.gff in the current
directory.
note
variantCaller does not modify its input cmp.h5 file in any way. This is in contrast to previous
variant callers in use at PacBio, which would write a consensus dataset to the input cmp.h5 file.
Available algorithms
At this time there are two algorithms available for variant calling: plurality and quiver.
Plurality is a simple and very fast procedure that merely tallies the most frequent read base or bases
found in alignment with each reference base, and reports deviations from the reference as potential
variants.
Quiver is a more complex procedure based on algorithms originally developed for CCS. Quiver leverages
the quality values (QVs) provided by upstream processing tools, which provide insight into whether
insertions/deletions/substitutions were deemed likely at a given read position. Use of quiver requires
the ConsensusCore and ConsensusCore2 libraries as well as trained parameter set, which will be loaded
from a standard location (TBD). Arrow and Quiver can be thought of as local-realignment procedures
(QV-aware in the case of Quiver).
Both algorithms are expected to converge to zero errors (miscalled variants) as coverage increases;
however quiver should converge much faster (i.e., fewer errors at low coverage), and should provide
greater variant detection power at a given error level.
Confidence values
Both quiver and plurality make a confidence metric available for every position of the consensus
sequence. The confidence should be interpreted as a phred-transformed posterior probability that the
consensus call is incorrect; i.e.
QV = −10log~10~(p~err~)
variantCaller clips reported QV values at 93---larger values cannot be encoded in a standard FASTQ file.
Chemistry specificity
The Quiver algorithm parameters are trained per-chemistry. SMRTanalysis software loads metadata into the
cmp.h5 to indicate the chemistry used per movie. Quiver sees this table and automatically chooses the
appropriate parameter set to use. This selection can be overridden by a command line flag.
When multiple chemistries are represented in the reads in a cmp.h5, Quiver will model each read
appropriately using the parameter set for its chemistry, thus yielding optimal results.
Performance Requirements
variantCaller performs variant calling in parallel using multiple processes. Work splitting and
inter-process communication are handled using the Python multiprocessing module. Work can be split among
an arbitrary number of processes (using the -j command-line flag), but for best performance one should
use no more worker processes than there are CPUs in the host computer.
The running time of the plurality algorithm should not exceed the runtime of the BLASR process that
produced the cmp.h5. The running time of the quiver algorithm should not exceed 4x the runtime of BLASR.
The amount of core memory (RAM) used among all the python processes launched by a variantCaller run
should not exceed the size of the uncompressed input .cmp.h5 file.
EXAMPLES
Basic running instructions
Basic usage---using 8 CPUs to compute consensus of mapped reads and variants relative to a reference---is
as follows:
% quiver -j8 aligned_reads{.cmp.h5, .bam, .fofn, or .xml} \
> -r reference{.fasta or .xml} -o variants.gff \
> -o consensus.fasta -o consensus.fastq
quiver is a shortcut for variantCaller --algorithm=quiver. Naturally, to use arrow you could use the
arrow shortcut or variantCaller --algorithm=arrow.
in this example we perform haploid consensus and variant calling on the mapped reads in the
aligned_reads.bam which was aligned to reference.fasta. The reference.fasta is only used for designating
variant calls, not for computing the consensus. The consensus quality score for every position can be
found in the output FASTQ file.
Note that 2.3 SMRTanalysis does not support "dataset" input (FOFN or XML files); those who need this
feature should wait for the forthcoming release of SMRTanalysis 3.0 or build from GitHub sources.
Running a large-scale resequencing/polishing job in SMRTanalysis
2.3
We do not recommend attempting to construct a single giant cmp.h5 file and then processing it on a single
node. This is inefficient and users attempting to do this have run into many problems with the
instability of the HDF5 library (which PacBio is moving away from, in favor of BAM.)
To run a large-scale resequencing job (>50 megabase genome @ 50x coverage,nominally), you want to spread
the computation load across multiple nodes in your computing cluster.
The smrtpipe workflow engine in SMRTanalysis 2.3 provides a convenient workflow automating this---it will
automatically spread the load for both mapping and quiver jobs among your available cluster nodes. This
is accessible via the SMRTportal UI; the simplest way to set up and run thse workflows is via tha UI.
Nonetheless, we include command-line instructions for completeness.
If you have to run the smrtpipe workflow manually from the command line, a recipe is as folows:
1. Make sure the reference you will align and compare against is present in a SMRTportal "reference
repository". Even if you don't want to use SMRTportal, you need to build/import the reference
appropriately, and the simplest way to do that is via SMRTportal. If you don't have a SMRTportal
instance, you can use the referenceUploader command to prepare your reference repository.
2. Prepare an "input.fofn" file listing, one-per-line, each "bax.h5" file in your input data set.
3. Convert the "input.fofn" to an "input.xml" file that SMRTpipe can understand:
$ fofnToSmrtpipeInput.py input.fofn > input.xml
4. Prepare your "params.xml" file. Here is a params.xml template (./params-template.xml) you can use;
you should just need to edit the reference path.
5. Activate your SMRTanalysis environment, and invoke smrtpipe:
$ source <SMRT Analysis>/etc/setup.sh $ smrtpipe.py --distribute --params=params.xml xml:input.xml
6. After successful execution is complete, the results should be available as data/consensus.fast[aq].gz
and data/variants.gff.gz, etc.
Please consult the SMRTpipe reference manual (http://www.pacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/SMRT-Pipe-
Reference-Guide.pdf) for further information.
Note that resequencing (mapping reads against a reference genome and then calling consensus and
identifying variants) and polishing (mapping reads against a draft assembly and then taking the consensus
output as the final, polished, assembly) are the same algorithmic operation, the only effective
difference is that the "variants.gff" output is not biologically meaningful in the polishing case---it
just records the edits that were made to the draft to produce the polished assembly.
Running a large-scale quiver/arrow job in SMRTanalysis 3.0+
(Forthcoming)
SEE ALSO
quiver(1) arrow(1) plurality(1) pbgff(5) blasr(1) variantCaller(1)