Provided by: pcp_5.0.3-1_amd64 bug

NAME

       pmcd - performance metrics collector daemon

SYNOPSIS

       pmcd  [-AfQSv?]   [-c  config]  [-C dirname] [-H hostname] [-i ipaddress] [-l logfile] [-L
       bytes] [-M certname] [-[n|N] pmnsfile] [-p port[,port ...]]  [-P  passfile]  [-q  timeout]
       [-s sockname] [-t timeout] [-T traceflag] [-U username] [-x file]

DESCRIPTION

       pmcd  is  the  collector  used  by  the  Performance  Co-Pilot (see PCPIntro(1)) to gather
       performance metrics on a system.  As a rule, there must be an instance of pmcd running  on
       a system for any performance metrics to be available to the PCP.

       pmcd  accepts  connections  from client applications running either on the same machine or
       remotely and provides them with metrics and other related  information  from  the  machine
       that  pmcd is executing on.  pmcd delegates most of this request servicing to a collection
       of Performance Metrics Domain Agents (or just agents), where each agent is responsible for
       a  particular  group  of  metrics,  known  as  the domain of the agent.  For instance, the
       postgresql agent is responsible for  reporting  information  relating  to  the  PostgreSQL
       database,  such  as the transaction and query counts, indexing and replication statistics,
       and so on.

       The agents may be processes started by  pmcd,  independent  processes  or  Dynamic  Shared
       Objects (DSOs, see dlopen(3)) attached to pmcd's address space.  The configuration section
       below describes how connections to agents are specified.

       Note that if a PDU  exchange  with  an  agent  times  out,  the  agent  has  violated  the
       requirement  that  it delivers metrics with little or no delay.  This is deemed a protocol
       failure and the agent is disconnected from pmcd.  Any subsequent requests for  information
       from the agent will fail with a status indicating that there is no agent to provide it.

       It  is  possible to specify access control to pmcd based on users, groups and hosts.  This
       allows one to prevent users, groups of users, and certain hosts from accessing the metrics
       provided by pmcd and is described in more detail in the access control section below.

OPTIONS

       The available command line options are:

       -A   Disable  service  advertisement.  By default, pmcd will advertise its presence on the
            network using any available  mechanisms  (such  as  Avahi/DNS-SD),  assisting  remote
            monitoring tools with finding it.  These mechanisms are disabled with this option.

       -c config, --config=config
            On  startup  pmcd  uses  a  configuration  file  from  either the $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH,
            configuration variable in /etc/pcp.conf, or an environment variable of the same name.
            However, these values may be overridden with config using this option.  The format of
            this configuration file is described below.

       -C dirname, --certdb=dirname
            Specify  the  path  to  the  Network  Security  Services  certificate  database,  for
            (optional)  secure connections.  The default is /etc/pki/nssdb.  Refer also to the -P
            option.  If it does not already  exist,  this  database  can  be  created  using  the
            certutil   utility.    This   process  and  other  certificate  database  maintenance
            information is provided in the PCPIntro(1) manual page and the online PCP tutorials.

       -f, --foreground
            By default pmcd is started as a daemon.  The -f option indicates that it  should  run
            in  the  foreground.   This  is  most  useful  when  trying to diagnose problems with
            misbehaving agents.

       -H hostname, --hostname=hostname
            This option can be used to set the hostname that pmcd  will  use  to  represent  this
            instance  of itself.  This is used by client tools like pmlogger(1) when reporting on
            the (possibly remote) host.  If this option is not set, the pmcd.hostname metric will
            match  that  returned  by  pmhostname(1).  Refer to the manual page for that tool for
            full details on how the hostname is evaluated.

       -i ipaddress, --interface=ipaddress
            This option is usually only used on hosts with more than one network  interface.   If
            no  -i  options  are  specified pmcd accepts connections made to any of its host's IP
            (Internet Protocol) addresses.  The -i option is used to  specify  explicitly  an  IP
            address  that connections should be accepted on.  ipaddress should be in the standard
            dotted form (e.g. 100.23.45.6).  The -i option may be used multiple times to define a
            list  of  IP addresses.  Connections made to any other IP addresses the host has will
            be refused.  This can be used to limit connections to one network  interface  if  the
            host  is  a network gateway.  It is also useful if the host takes over the IP address
            of another host that has failed.  In such a situation only the standard IP  addresses
            of  the  host  should  be  given (not the ones inherited from the failed host).  This
            allows PCP applications to determine that a host has failed, rather  than  connecting
            to the host that has assumed the identity of the failed host.

       -l logfile, --log=logfile
            By  default  a log file named pmcd.log is written in the directory $PCP_LOG_DIR/pmcd.
            The -l option causes the log file to be written to logfile instead  of  the  default.
            If  the  log  file  cannot  be  created  or is not writable, output is written to the
            standard error instead.

       -L bytes
            PDUs received by pmcd from monitoring clients are restricted to  a  maximum  size  of
            65536  bytes  by  default to defend against Denial of Service attacks.  The -L option
            may be used to change the maximum incoming PDU size.

       -M certname, --certname=certname
            By default, pmcd will try to use a certificate called PCP Collector certificate.  The
            -M option allows this to be changed.

       -n pmnsfile, --namespace=pmnsfile
            Normally   pmcd  loads  the  default  Performance  Metrics  Name  Space  (PMNS)  from
            $PCP_VAR_DIR/pmns/root,  however  if  the  -n  option  is  specified  an  alternative
            namespace is loaded from the file pmnsfile.

       -N pmnsfile, --uniqnames=pmnsfile
            Same  function  as  -n,  except  for  the  handling  of  duplicate Performance Metric
            Identifiers (PMIDs) in pmnsfile - duplicate names are allowed with -n  but  they  are
            not allowed with -N.

       -P passfile, --passfile=passfile
            Specify  the  path  to  a  file  containing the Network Security Services certificate
            database password for (optional) secure  connections,  and  for  databases  that  are
            password protected.  Refer also to the -C option.  When using this option, great care
            should be exercised to ensure  appropriate  ownership  ("pcp"  user,  typically)  and
            permissions  on  this  file  (0400, so as to be unreadable by any user other than the
            user running the pmcd process).

       -q timeout
            The pmcd to agent version exchange protocol (new in PCP 2.0 - introduced  to  provide
            backward compatibility) uses this timeout to specify how long pmcd should wait before
            assuming that no version response is coming  from  an  agent.   If  this  timeout  is
            reached,  the  agent  is assumed to be an agent which does not understand the PCP 2.0
            protocol.  The default timeout interval is five seconds, but the -q option allows  an
            alternative  timeout interval (which must be greater than zero) to be specified.  The
            unit of time is seconds.

       -Q, --remotecert
            Require that all remote client connections provide a certficate.

       -s sockname, --socket=sockname
            Specify the path to a local unix domain socket (for platforms supporting this  socket
            family only).  The default value is $PCP_RUN_DIR/pmcd.socket.

       -S, --allcert
            Require  that  all client connections provide user credentials.  This means that only
            unix domain sockets, or authenticated  connections  are  permitted  (requires  secure
            sockets  support).  If any user or group access control requirements are specified in
            the pmcd configuration file, then this mode of operation  is  automatically  entered,
            whether the -S flag is specified or not.

       -t timeout
            To  prevent misbehaving clients or agents from hanging the entire Performance Metrics
            Collection System (PMCS), pmcd uses timeouts on PDU exchanges with clients and agents
            running  as  processes.   By  default  the  timeout interval is five seconds.  The -t
            option allows an alternative timeout interval in seconds to be specified.  If timeout
            is  zero,  timeouts  are  turned  off.   It  is almost impossible to use the debugger
            interactively on an agent unless timeouts have been turned off for its "parent" pmcd.

            Once pmcd is running, the timeout may be dynamically modified by storing  an  integer
            value (the timeout in seconds) into the metric pmcd.control.timeout via pmstore(1).

       -T traceflag, --trace=traceflag
            To  assist  with  error  diagnosis  for  agents  and/or  clients of pmcd that are not
            behaving correctly, an internal event tracing mechanism  is  supported  within  pmcd.
            The  value  of  traceflag  is  interpreted  as a bit field with the following control
            functions:

            1   enable client connection tracing
            2   enable PDU tracing
            256 unbuffered event tracing

            By default, event tracing is buffered using a circular buffer that is over-written as
            new  events are recorded.  The default buffer size holds the last 20 events, although
            this  number  may  be  over-ridden  by  using  pmstore(1)  to   modify   the   metric
            pmcd.control.tracebufs.

            Similarly once pmcd is running, the event tracing control may be dynamically modified
            by storing 1  (enable)  or  0  (disable)  into  the  metrics  pmcd.control.traceconn,
            pmcd.control.tracepdu  and  pmcd.control.tracenobuf.   These  metrics  map to the bit
            fields associated with the traceflag argument for the -T option.

            When operating in buffered mode, the event trace buffer will be  dumped  whenever  an
            agent  connection  is terminated by pmcd, or when any value is stored into the metric
            pmcd.control.dumptrace via pmstore(1).

            In unbuffered mode, every event will be reported when it occurs.

       -U username, --username=USER
            User account under which to run pmcd.  The default is the unprivileged "pcp"  account
            in  current versions of PCP, but in older versions the superuser account ("root") was
            used by default.

       -v, --verify
            Verify the pmcd configuration file, reporting on  any  errors  then  exiting  with  a
            status indicating verification success or failure.

       -x file
            Before  the  pmcd  logfile  can  be  opened,  pmcd  may encounter a fatal error which
            prevents it from starting.  By default, the output describing this error is  sent  to
            /dev/tty but it may redirected to file.

       -?, --help
            Display usage message and exit.

CONFIGURATION

       On  startup  pmcd  looks  for  a  configuration  file named $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH.  This file
       specifies which agents cover which performance metrics domains and how  pmcd  should  make
       contact  with  the  agents.  An optional section specifying access controls may follow the
       agent configuration data.

       Warning: pmcd is usually started as part of the boot sequence and runs initially as  root.
       The configuration file may contain shell commands to create agents, which will be executed
       by root.  To prevent security breaches the configuration file should be writable  only  by
       root.  The use of absolute path names is also recommended.

       The  case  of  the reserved words in the configuration file is unimportant, but elsewhere,
       the case is preserved.

       Blank lines and comments are permitted (even encouraged) in  the  configuration  file.   A
       comment  begins with a ``#'' character and finishes at the end of the line.  A line may be
       continued by ensuring that the last character on the  line  is  a  ``\''  (backslash).   A
       comment on a continued line ends at the end of the continued line.  Spaces may be included
       in lexical elements by enclosing the entire element in  double  quotes.   A  double  quote
       preceded  by  a  backslash  is always a literal double quote.  A ``#'' in double quotes or
       preceded by a backslash is treated literally rather than as a comment delimiter.   Lexical
       elements and separators are described further in the following sections.

AGENT CONFIGURATION

       Each line of the agent configuration section of the configuration file contains details of
       how to connect pmcd to one of its agents and specifies  which  metrics  domain  the  agent
       deals with.  An agent may be attached as a DSO, or via a socket, or a pair of pipes.

       Each  line  of the agent configuration section of the configuration file must be either an
       agent specification, a comment, or a  blank  line.   Lexical  elements  are  separated  by
       whitespace characters, however a single agent specification may not be broken across lines
       unless a \ (backslash) is used to continue the line.

       Each agent specification must start with a textual label (string) followed by  an  integer
       in  the  range  1  to  510.  The label is a tag used to refer to the agent and the integer
       specifies  the  domain  for  which  the  agent  supplies  data.   This  domain  identifier
       corresponds to the domain portion of the PMIDs handled by the agent.  Each agent must have
       a unique label and domain identifier.

       For DSO agents a line of the form:

              label domain-no dso entry-point path

       should appear.  Where,

       label         is a string identifying the agent
       domain-no     is an unsigned integer specifying the agent's domain in the range 1 to 510
       entry-point   is the name of an initialization function which will be called when the  DSO
                     is loaded
       path          designates  the  location  of the DSO and this is expected to be an absolute
                     pathname.  pmcd is only able to load DSO agents that have  the  same  simabi
                     (Subprogram  Interface  Model  ABI, or calling conventions) as it does (i.e.
                     only one of the simabi versions will be applicable).  The simabi version  of
                     a  running  pmcd  may be determined by fetching pmcd.simabi.  Alternatively,
                     the file(1) command may be used to determine the  simabi  version  from  the
                     pmcd executable.

                     For  a  relative path the environment variable PMCD_PATH defines a colon (:)
                     separated list of directories to search when trying to locate the agent DSO.
                     The default search path is $PCP_SHARE_DIR/lib:/usr/pcp/lib.

       For agents providing socket connections, a line of the form

              label domain-no socket addr-family address [ command ]

       should appear.  Where,

       label         is a string identifying the agent
       domain-no     is an unsigned integer specifying the agent's domain in the range 1 to 510
       addr-family   designates whether the socket is in the AF_INET, AF_INET6 or AF_UNIX domain,
                     and the corresponding values for this parameter  are  inet,  ipv6  and  unix
                     respectively.
       address       specifies  the  address  of the socket within the previously specified addr-
                     family.  For unix sockets, the address should be  the  name  of  an  agent's
                     socket  on  the  local host (a valid address for the UNIX domain).  For inet
                     and ipv6 sockets, the address may be either a port number  or  a  port  name
                     which  may  be  used  to connect to an agent on the local host.  There is no
                     syntax for specifying an agent on a remote host as a pmcd  deals  only  with
                     agents on the same machine.
       command       is  an  optional parameter used to specify a command line to start the agent
                     when pmcd initializes.  If command is not present,  pmcd  assumes  that  the
                     specified  agent  has  already  been  created.  The command is considered to
                     start from the first non-white character after the socket address and finish
                     at the next newline that isn't preceded by a backslash.  After a fork(2) the
                     command is passed unmodified to execve(2) to instantiate the agent.

       For agents interacting with the pmcd via stdin/stdout, a line of the form:

              label domain-no pipe protocol command

       should appear.  Where,

       label         is a string identifying the agent
       domain-no     is an unsigned integer specifying the agent's domain
       protocol      The value for this parameter should be binary.

                     Additionally, the protocol can include the notready keyword to indicate that
                     the  agent  must be marked as not being ready to process requests from pmcd.
                     The agent will explicitly notify the pmcd when it is ready  to  process  the
                     requests  by  sending  a  PM_ERR_PMDAREADY PDU.  For further details of this
                     protocol, including  a  description  of  the  IPC  parameters  that  can  be
                     specified  in  a  PMDA  Install  script with the ipc_prot parameter, see the
                     relevant section in PMDA(3).

       command       specifies a command line to start the agent  when  pmcd  initializes.   Note
                     that  command is mandatory for pipe-based agents.  The command is considered
                     to start from the first non-white character after the protocol parameter and
                     finish  at  the  next  newline  that isn't preceded by a backslash.  After a
                     fork(2) the command is passed unmodified to  execve(2)  to  instantiate  the
                     agent.

ACCESS CONTROL CONFIGURATION

       The  access  control section of the configuration file is optional, but if present it must
       follow the agent configuration data.  The case of reserved words is ignored, but elsewhere
       case  is  preserved.   Lexical  elements  in  the  access control section are separated by
       whitespace or the special delimiter characters: square brackets (``['' and ``]''),  braces
       (``{''  and  ``}''),  colon  (``:''),  semicolon  (``;'')  and comma (``,'').  The special
       characters are not treated  as  special  in  the  agent  configuration  section.   Lexical
       elements may be quoted (double quotes) as necessary.

       The access control section of the file must start with a line of the form:

       [access]

       In  addition  to (or instead of) the access section in the pmcd configuration file, access
       control specifications are also read from  a  file  having  the  same  name  as  the  pmcd
       configuration  file, but with '.access' appended to the name.  This optional file must not
       contain the [access] keyword.

       Leading and trailing whitespace may appear around and within the brackets and the case  of
       the  access  keyword  is  ignored.  No other text may appear on the line except a trailing
       comment.

       Following this line, the remainder of the configuration file  should  contain  lines  that
       allow or disallow operations from particular hosts or groups of hosts.

       There are two kinds of operations that occur via pmcd:

       fetch          allows retrieval of information from pmcd.  This may be information about a
                      metric (e.g. its description, instance domain, labels or help  text)  or  a
                      value for a metric.  See pminfo(1) for further information.

       store          allows  pmcd  to be used to store metric values in agents that permit store
                      operations.  This may be the actual value of the metric (e.g.  resetting  a
                      counter  to  zero).   Alternatively,  it may be a value used by the PMDA to
                      introduce a change to some aspect of monitoring of that metric (e.g. server
                      side  event  filtering)  -  possibly  even  only for the active client tool
                      performing the store operation, and not others.  See pmstore(1) for further
                      information.

       Access to pmcd can be granted in three ways - by user, group of users, or at a host level.
       In the latter, all users on a host are granted the same level of access, unless  the  user
       or group access control mechanism is also in use.

       User  names  and  group names will be verified using the local /etc/passwd and /etc/groups
       files (or an  alternative  directory  service),  using  the  getpwent(3)  and  getgrent(3)
       routines.

       Hosts  may  be  identified  by  name,  IP  address,  IPv6  address  or by the special host
       specifications ``"unix:"'' or ``"local:"''.  ``"unix:"''  refers  to  pmcd's  unix  domain
       socket,  on supported platforms.  ``"local:"'' is equivalent to specifying ``"unix:"'' and
       ``localhost``.

       Wildcards may also be specified by ending the host identifier  with  the  single  wildcard
       character  ``*''  as the last-given component of an address.  The wildcard ``".*"'' refers
       to all inet (IPv4) addresses.  The wildcard ``":*"'' refers to all IPv6 addresses.  If  an
       IPv6  wildcard  contains  a  ``::'' component, then the final ``*'' refers to the final 16
       bits of the address only, otherwise it refers to the remaining  unspecified  bits  of  the
       address.

       The  wildcard  ``*'' refers to all users, groups or host addresses, including ``"unix:"''.
       Names of users, groups or hosts may not be wildcarded.

       The following are all valid host identifiers:

            boing
            localhost
            giggle.melbourne.sgi.com
            129.127.112.2
            129.127.114.*
            129.*
            .*
            fe80::223:14ff:feaf:b62c
            fe80::223:14ff:feaf:*
            fe80:*
            :*
            "unix:"
            "local:"
            *

       The following are not valid host identifiers:

            *.melbourne
            129.127.*.*
            129.*.114.9
            129.127*
            fe80::223:14ff:*:*
            fe80::223:14ff:*:b62c
            fe80*

       The first example is not allowed  because  only  (numeric)  IP  addresses  may  contain  a
       wildcard.   The  second  and  fifth  examples are not valid because there is more than one
       wildcard character.  The third and sixth contain an  embedded  wildcard,  the  fourth  and
       seventh  have a wildcard character that is not the last component of the address (the last
       components are 127* and fe80* respectively).

       The name localhost is given special treatment to make the  behavior  of  host  wildcarding
       consistent.   Rather  than  being  127.0.0.1 and ::1, it is mapped to the primary inet and
       IPv6 addresses associated with the name of the host on which pmcd is running.   Beware  of
       this when running pmcd on multi-homed hosts.

       Access  for  users,  groups or hosts are allowed or disallowed by specifying statements of
       the form:

              allow users userlist : operations ;
              disallow users userlist : operations ;
              allow groups grouplist : operations ;
              disallow groups grouplist : operations ;
              allow hosts hostlist : operations ;
              disallow hosts hostlist : operations ;

       list          userlist, grouplist and hostlist are comma separated lists of  one  or  more
                     users, groups or host identifiers.

       operations    is a comma separated list of the operation types described above, all (which
                     allows/disallows  all  operations),  or   all   except   operations   (which
                     allows/disallows all operations except those listed).

       Either plural or singular forms of users, groups, and hosts keywords are allowed.  If this
       keyword is omitted, a default of hosts will be used.   This  behaviour  is  for  backward-
       compatibility only, it is preferable to be explicit.

       Where  no  specific allow or disallow statement applies to an operation, the default is to
       allow the operation from all users, groups and hosts.  In the trivial case when  there  is
       no  access  control  section  in  the  configuration  file, all operations from all users,
       groups, and hosts are permitted.

       If a new connection to pmcd is attempted by a user, group or host that is not permitted to
       perform  any operations, the connection will be closed immediately after an error response
       PM_ERR_PERMISSION has been sent to the client attempting the connection.

       Statements with  the  same  level  of  wildcarding  specifying  identical  hosts  may  not
       contradict  each  other.   For  example  if  a  host  named  clank  had  an  IP address of
       129.127.112.2, specifying the following two rules would be erroneous:

            allow host clank : fetch, store;
            disallow host 129.127.112.2 : all except fetch;

       because they both refer to the same host, but disagree as to whether the  fetch  operation
       is permitted from that host.

       Statements  containing  more  specific  host  specifications  override  less specific ones
       according to the level of wildcarding.  For example a rule of the form

            allow host clank : all;

       overrides

            disallow host 129.127.112.* : all except fetch;

       because the former contains a specific host name  (equivalent  to  a  fully  specified  IP
       address), whereas the latter has a wildcard.  In turn, the latter would override

            disallow host * : all;

       It  is  possible  to  limit  the number of connections from a user, group or host to pmcd.
       This may be done by adding a clause of the form

              maximum n connections

       to the operations list of an allow statement.  Such a clause may not be used in a disallow
       statement.   Here,  n  is the maximum number of connections that will be accepted from the
       user, group or host matching the identifier(s) used in the statement.

       An access control statement with a list of user, group or host identifiers  is  equivalent
       to  a set of access control statements, with each specifying one of the identifiers in the
       list and all with the same access controls (both permissions and  connection  limits).   A
       group  should  be  used  if  you want users to contribute to a shared connection limit.  A
       wildcard should be used if you want hosts to contribute to a shared connection limit.

       When a new client requests a connection, and pmcd  has  determined  that  the  client  has
       permission  to connect, it searches the matching list of access control statements for the
       most specific match containing a connection limit.  For brevity, this will be  called  the
       limiting  statement.   If  there  is  no  limiting  statement,  the  client  is  granted a
       connection.  If there is a limiting statement and the number of pmcd clients with user ID,
       group ID, or IP addresses that match the identifier in the limiting statement is less than
       the connection  limit  in  the  statement,  the  connection  is  allowed.   Otherwise  the
       connection limit has been reached and the client is refused a connection.

       Group  access  controls  and  the  wildcarding  in  host  identifiers means that once pmcd
       actually accepts a connection from a client, the connection may contribute to the  current
       connection  count  of more than one access control statement - the client's host may match
       more than one access control statement, and similarly the user ID may be in more than  one
       group.  This may be significant for subsequent connection requests.

       Note  that pmcd enters a mode where it runs effectively with a higher-level of security as
       soon as a user or group access control section is added to  the  configuration.   In  this
       mode  only  authenticated  connections  are  allowed  -  either  from a SASL authenticated
       connection, or a Unix domain socket (which implicitly passes client credentials).  This is
       the  same  mode  that  is  entered explicitly using the -S option.  Assuming permission is
       allowed, one can determine whether pmcd is running in this mode by querying the  value  of
       the pmcd.feature.creds_required metric.

       Note also that because most specific match semantics are used when checking the connection
       limit, for the host-based access control case, priority is  given  to  clients  with  more
       specific  host  identifiers.   It  is  also  possible  to exceed connection limits in some
       situations.  Consider the following:

              allow host clank : all, maximum 5 connections;
              allow host * : all except store, maximum 2 connections;

       This says that only 2 client connections at a time are permitted for all hosts other  than
       "clank",  which  is permitted 5.  If a client from host "boing" is the first to connect to
       pmcd, its connection is checked against the second statement (that is  the  most  specific
       match with a connection limit).  As there are no other clients, the connection is accepted
       and contributes towards the limit for only the second statement above.  If the next client
       connects  from  "clank",  its  connection  is  checked  against  the  limit  for the first
       statement.  There are no other connections from "clank", so the  connection  is  accepted.
       Once  this  connection  is  accepted,  it  counts  towards both statements' limits because
       "clank" matches the host identifier in both statements.  Remember  that  the  decision  to
       accept  a  new  connection  is  made  using only the most specific matching access control
       statement with a connection limit.  Now, the connection limit for the second statement has
       been reached.  Any connections from hosts other than "clank" will be refused.

       If  instead,  pmcd  with no clients saw three successive connections arrived from "boing",
       the first two would be accepted and the third refused.  After that, if  a  connection  was
       requested  from  "clank"  it  would be accepted.  It matches the first statement, which is
       more specific than the second, so the connection limit in the first is used  to  determine
       that the client has the right to connect.  Now there are 3 connections contributing to the
       second statement's connection limit.  Even though the  connection  limit  for  the  second
       statement  has  been  exceeded,  the earlier connections from "boing" are maintained.  The
       connection limit is only checked at the time a client attempts a  connection  rather  than
       being re-evaluated every time a new client connects to pmcd.

       This  gentle  scheme  is designed to allow reasonable limits to be imposed on a first come
       first served basis, with specific exceptions.

       As illustrated by the example above, a client's connection is honored  once  it  has  been
       accepted.   However,  pmcd  reconfiguration  (see  the  next section) re-evaluates all the
       connection counts and will cause client connections to be dropped where connection  limits
       have been exceeded.

AGENT FENCING

       Preventing  sampling during the life of a PMDA is sometimes desirable, for example if that
       sampling impacts on sensitive phases of a scheduled job.  A  temporary  ``fence''  can  be
       raised  to  block  all  PMAPI client access to one or more agents in this situation.  This
       functionality is provided by the built-in PMCD PMDA and the pmstore(1) command, as in

            # pmstore -i nfsclient,kvm pmcd.agent.fenced 1

       If the optional comma-separated list of agent names is omitted, all agents will be fenced.
       To resume normal operation, the ``fence'' can be lowered as follows

            # pmstore -i nfsclient,kvm pmcd.agent.fenced 0

       Lowering the fence for all PMDAs at once is performed using

            # pmstore pmcd.agent.fenced 0

       Elevated privileges are required to store to the pmcd.agent.fenced metric.  For additional
       information, see the help text associated with this metric, which can  be  accessed  using
       the -T, --helptext option to pminfo(1).

RECONFIGURING PMCD

       If the configuration file has been changed or if an agent is not responding because it has
       terminated or the PMNS has been changed, pmcd may be reconfigured by sending it a  SIGHUP,
       as in

            # pmsignal -a -s HUP pmcd

       When  pmcd  receives  a SIGHUP, it checks the configuration file for changes.  If the file
       has been modified, it is reparsed and the contents become the new configuration.  If there
       are  errors  in  the  configuration  file,  the existing configuration is retained and the
       contents of the file are ignored.  Errors are reported in the pmcd log file.

       It also checks the PMNS file and any labels files for changes.  If any of these files have
       been  modified,  then  the PMNS and/or context labels are reloaded.  Use of tail(1) on the
       log file is recommended while reconfiguring pmcd.

       If the configuration for an agent has changed (any parameter except the agent's  label  is
       different),  the  agent  is  restarted.  Agents whose configurations do not change are not
       restarted.  Any existing agents not present in the new configuration are terminated.   Any
       deceased agents are that are still listed are restarted.

       Sometimes  it  is necessary to restart an agent that is still running, but malfunctioning.
       Simply stop the agent (e.g. using SIGTERM from pmsignal(1)),  then  send  pmcd  a  SIGHUP,
       which will cause the agent to be restarted.

STARTING AND STOPPING PMCD

       Normally,  pmcd is started automatically at boot time and stopped when the system is being
       brought down.  Under certain circumstances it is necessary to start or stop pmcd manually.
       To do this one must become superuser and type

            # $PCP_RC_DIR/pmcd start

       to start pmcd, or

            # $PCP_RC_DIR/pmcd stop

       to  stop  pmcd.   Starting  pmcd when it is already running is the same as stopping it and
       then starting it again.

       Sometimes it may be necessary to restart pmcd during another phase of  the  boot  process.
       Time-consuming  parts  of  the boot process are often put into the background to allow the
       system to become available sooner (e.g. mounting huge databases).  If an agent run by pmcd
       requires such a task to complete before it can run properly, it is necessary to restart or
       reconfigure pmcd after the task completes.  Consider, for example, the case of mounting  a
       database  in  the  background while booting.  If the PMDA which provides the metrics about
       the database cannot function until the database is  mounted  and  available  but  pmcd  is
       started  before the database is ready, the PMDA will fail (however pmcd will still service
       requests for metrics from other domains).  If the database is  initialized  by  running  a
       shell  script, adding a line to the end of the script to reconfigure pmcd (by sending it a
       SIGHUP) will restart the PMDA (if it exited because it couldn't connect to the  database).
       If  the PMDA didn't exit in such a situation it would be necessary to restart pmcd because
       if the PMDA was still running pmcd would not restart it.

       Normally pmcd listens for client connections on TCP/IP port number  44321  (registered  at
       http://www.iana.org/).   Either  the environment variable PMCD_PORT or the -p command line
       option may be used to specify alternative port number(s) when pmcd  is  started;  in  each
       case,  the  specification is a comma-separated list of one or more numerical port numbers.
       Should both methods be used or multiple -p options appear on the command line,  pmcd  will
       listen  on  the  union  of the set of ports specified via all -p options and the PMCD_PORT
       environment variable.  If non-default ports are used with pmcd care  should  be  taken  to
       ensure  that  PMCD_PORT is also set in the environment of any client application that will
       connect to pmcd, or that the extended host specification syntax is used  (see  PCPIntro(1)
       for details).

CAVEATS

       pmcd  does not explicitly terminate its children (agents), it only closes their pipes.  If
       an agent never checks for a closed pipe it may not terminate.

       The configuration file parser will only read lines of less than 1200 characters.  This  is
       intended to prevent accidents with binary files.

       The  timeouts  controlled  by  the  -t  option  apply to IPC between pmcd and the PMDAs it
       spawns.  This is independent of settings of the environment variables PMCD_CONNECT_TIMEOUT
       and  PMCD_REQUEST_TIMEOUT  (see  PCPIntro(1))  which  may  be used respectively to control
       timeouts for client  applications  trying  to  connect  to  pmcd  and  trying  to  receive
       information from pmcd.

DIAGNOSTICS

       If pmcd is already running the message "Error: OpenRequestSocket bind: Address may already
       be in use" will appear.  This may also appear if pmcd was  shutdown  with  an  outstanding
       request  from  a  client.   In  this case, a request socket has been left in the TIME_WAIT
       state and until the system closes it down (after some  timeout  period)  it  will  not  be
       possible to run pmcd.

       In  addition  to  the  standard PCP debugging flags, see pmdbg(1), pmcd currently uses the
       options: appl0 for tracing I/O and termination of agents, appl1 for tracing access control
       and appl2 for tracing the configuration file scanner and parser.

FILES

       $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH
            default configuration file

       $PCP_PMCDCONF_PATH.access
            optional access control specification file

       $PCP_PMCDOPTIONS_PATH
            command line options to pmcd when launched from $PCP_RC_DIR/pmcd All the command line
            option lines should start with a hyphen as the first character.

       $PCP_SYSCONFIG_DIR/pmcd
            additional environment variables that will be set when pmcd executes.  Only  settings
            of the form "PMCD_VARIABLE=value" will be honoured.

       $PCP_SYSCONF_DIR/labels
            directory  of  files  containing  the global metric labels that will be set for every
            client context created by pmcd.  File names starting with a ``.''  are  ignored,  and
            files  ending  in ``.json'' are ``JSONB'' formatted name:value pairs.  The merged set
            can be queried via the pmcd.labels metric.  Context labels are applied universally to
            all values.

       ./pmcd.log
            (or $PCP_LOG_DIR/pmcd/pmcd.log when started automatically)
            All messages and diagnostics are directed here.

       $PCP_RUN_DIR/pmcd.pid
            contains  an  ascii  decimal  representation  of  the  process  ID of pmcd, when it's
            running.

       /etc/pki/nssdb
            default Network Security Services (NSS)  certificate  database  directory,  used  for
            optional  Secure  Socket Layer connections.  This database can be created and queried
            using the NSS certutil tool, amongst others.

       /etc/passwd
            user names, user identifiers and primary group identifiers, used for  access  control
            specifications

       /etc/groups
            group   names,   group  identifiers  and  group  members,  used  for  access  control
            specifications

ENVIRONMENT

       The following variables are set in $PCP_SYSCONFIG_DIR/pmcd.

       In addition to the PCP environment variables described  in  the  PCP  ENVIRONMENT  section
       below,  the  PMCD_PORT  variable  is  also  recognised  as  the  TCP/IP  port for incoming
       connections (default 44321), and the PMCD_SOCKET variable is also recognised as  the  path
       to be used for the Unix domain socket.

       If  set  to  the  value 1, the PMCD_LOCAL environment variable will cause pmcd to run in a
       localhost-only mode of operation, where it binds only  to  the  loopback  interface.   The
       pmcd.feature.local metric can be queried to determine if pmcd is running in this mode.

       The  PMCD_MAXPENDING variable can be set to indicate the maximum length to which the queue
       of pending client connections may grow.

       The PMCD_ROOT_AGENT variable controls whether or not pmcd or  pmdaroot  (when  available),
       start  subsequent  pmdas.   When  set  to a non-zero value, pmcd will opt to have pmdaroot
       start, and stop, PMDAs.

       The PMCD_RESTART_AGENTS variable determines the behaviour of pmcd in the presence of child
       PMDAs  that have been observed to exit (this is a typical response in the presence of very
       large, usually domain-induced, PDU latencies).  When set to a non-zero  value,  pmcd  will
       attempt  to  restart such PMDAS once every minute.  When set to zero, it uses the original
       behaviour of just logging the failure.

PCP ENVIRONMENT

       Environment variables with the prefix PCP_ are used to parameterize the file and directory
       names used by PCP.  On each installation, the file /etc/pcp.conf contains the local values
       for these variables.  The $PCP_CONF  variable  may  be  used  to  specify  an  alternative
       configuration file, as described in pcp.conf(5).

       For environment variables affecting PCP tools, see pmGetOptions(3).

SEE ALSO

       PCPIntro(1),  pmdbg(1), pmerr(1), pmgenmap(1), pminfo(1), pmrep(1), pmstat(1), pmstore(1),
       pmval(1), getpwent(3), getgrent(3), pcp.conf(5), pcp.env(5) and PMNS(5).