Provided by: tigervnc-standalone-server_1.10.1+dfsg-3ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64 
NAME
Xtigervnc - the X VNC server
SYNOPSIS
Xtigervnc [options] :display#
DESCRIPTION
Xtigervnc is the X VNC (Virtual Network Computing) server. It is based on a standard X
server, but it has a "virtual" screen rather than a physical one. X applications display
themselves on it as if it were a normal X display, but they can only be accessed via a VNC
viewer - see vncviewer(1).
So Xtigervnc is really two servers in one. To the applications it is an X server, and to
the remote VNC users it is a VNC server. By convention we have arranged that the VNC
server display number will be the same as the X server display number, which means you can
use eg. snoopy:2 to refer to display 2 on machine "snoopy" in both the X world and the VNC
world.
The best way of starting Xvnc is via the vncserver script. This sets up the environment
appropriately and runs some X applications to get you going. See the manual page for
vncserver(1) for more information.
OPTIONS
Xtigervnc takes lots of options - running Xvnc -help gives a list. Many of these are
standard X server options, which are described in the Xserver(1) manual page. In addition
to options which can only be set via the command-line, there are also "parameters" which
can be set both via the command-line and through the vncconfig(1) program.
-geometry widthxheight
Specify the size of the desktop to be created. Default is 1024x768.
-depth depth
Specify the pixel depth in bits of the desktop to be created. Default is 24, other
possible values are 8, 15, and 16 - anything else is likely to cause strange
behaviour by applications.
-pixelformat format
Specify pixel format for server to use (BGRnnn or RGBnnn). The default for depth 8
is BGR233 (meaning the most significant two bits represent blue, the next three
green, and the least significant three represent red), the default for depth 16 is
RGB565 and for depth 24 is RGB888.
-interface IP address
Listen on interface. By default Xtigervnc listens on all available interfaces.
-inetd This significantly changes Xtigervnc's behaviour so that it can be launched from
inetd. See the section below on usage with inetd.
-help List all the options and parameters
PARAMETERS
VNC parameters can be set both via the command-line and through the vncconfig(1) program,
and with a VNC-enabled Xorg server via Options entries in the xorg.conf file.
Parameters can be turned on with -param or off with -param=0. Parameters which take a
value can be specified as -param value. Other valid forms are param=value -param=value
--param=value. Parameter names are case-insensitive.
-desktop desktop-name
Each desktop has a name which may be displayed by the viewer. It defaults to "x11".
-rfbport port
Specifies the TCP port on which Xtigervnc listens for connections from viewers (the
protocol used in VNC is called RFB - "remote framebuffer"). The default is 5900
plus the display number.
-UseIPv4
Use IPv4 for incoming and outgoing connections. Default is on.
-UseIPv6
Use IPv6 for incoming and outgoing connections. Default is on.
-rfbunixpath path
Specifies the path of a Unix domain socket on which Xtigervnc listens for
connections from viewers, instead of listening on a TCP port.
-rfbunixmode mode
Specifies the mode of the Unix domain socket. The default is 0600.
-rfbwait time, -ClientWaitTimeMillis time
Time in milliseconds to wait for a viewer which is blocking the server. This is
necessary because the server is single-threaded and sometimes blocks until the
viewer has finished sending or receiving a message - note that this does not mean
an update will be aborted after this time. Default is 20000 (20 seconds).
-rfbauth passwd-file, -PasswordFile passwd-file
Password file for VNC authentication. There is no default, you should specify the
password file explicitly. Password file should be created with the vncpasswd(1)
utility. The file is accessed each time a connection comes in, so it can be
changed on the fly.
-AcceptCutText
Accept clipboard updates from clients. Default is on.
-MaxCutText bytes
The maximum size of a clipboard update that will be accepted from a client.
Default is 262144.
-SendCutText
Send clipboard changes to clients. Default is on.
-SendPrimary
Send the primary selection and cut buffer to the server as well as the clipboard
selection. Default is on.
-AcceptPointerEvents
Accept pointer press and release events from clients. Default is on.
-AcceptKeyEvents
Accept key press and release events from clients. Default is on.
-AcceptSetDesktopSize
Accept requests to resize the size of the desktop. Default is on.
-DisconnectClients
Disconnect existing clients if an incoming connection is non-shared. Default is on.
If DisconnectClients is false, then a new non-shared connection will be refused
while there is a client active. When combined with NeverShared this means only one
client is allowed at a time.
-NeverShared
Never treat incoming connections as shared, regardless of the client-specified
setting. Default is off.
-AlwaysShared
Always treat incoming connections as shared, regardless of the client-specified
setting. Default is off.
-Protocol3.3
Always use protocol version 3.3 for backwards compatibility with badly-behaved
clients. Default is off.
-FrameRate fps
The maximum number of updates per second sent to each client. If the screen updates
any faster then those changes will be aggregated and sent in a single update to the
client. Note that this only controls the maximum rate and a client may get a lower
rate when resources are limited. Default is 60.
-CompareFB mode
Perform pixel comparison on framebuffer to reduce unnecessary updates. Can be
either 0 (off), 1 (always) or 2 (auto). Default is 2.
-ZlibLevel level
Zlib compression level for ZRLE encoding (it does not affect Tight encoding).
Acceptable values are between 0 and 9. Default is to use the standard compression
level provided by the zlib(3) compression library.
-ImprovedHextile
Use improved compression algorithm for Hextile encoding which achieves better
compression ratios by the cost of using slightly more CPU time. Default is on.
-SecurityTypes sec-types
Specify which security scheme to use for incoming connections. Valid values are a
comma separated list of None, VncAuth, Plain, TLSNone, TLSVnc, TLSPlain, X509None,
X509Vnc and X509Plain. Default is VncAuth,TLSVnc.
-Password password
Obfuscated binary encoding of the password which clients must supply to access the
server. Using this parameter is insecure, use PasswordFile parameter instead.
-PlainUsers user-list
A comma separated list of user names that are allowed to authenticate via any of
the "Plain" security types (Plain, TLSPlain, etc.). Specify * to allow any user to
authenticate using this security type. Default is to deny all users.
-pam_service name, -PAMService name
PAM service name to use when authentication users using any of the "Plain" security
types. Default is vnc.
-X509Cert path
Path to a X509 certificate in PEM format to be used for all X509 based security
types (X509None, X509Vnc, etc.).
-X509Key path
Private key counter part to the certificate given in X509Cert. Must also be in PEM
format.
-GnuTLSPriority priority
GnuTLS priority string that controls the TLS session’s handshake algorithms. See
the GnuTLS manual for possible values. Default is NORMAL.
-UseBlacklist
Temporarily reject connections from a host if it repeatedly fails to authenticate.
Default is on.
-BlacklistThreshold count
The number of unauthenticated connection attempts allowed from any individual host
before that host is black-listed. Default is 5.
-BlacklistTimeout seconds
The initial timeout applied when a host is first black-listed. The host cannot re-
attempt a connection until the timeout expires. Default is 10.
-IdleTimeout seconds
The number of seconds after which an idle VNC connection will be dropped. Default
is 0, which means that idle connections will never be dropped.
-MaxDisconnectionTime seconds
Terminate when no client has been connected for N seconds. Default is 0.
-MaxConnectionTime seconds
Terminate when a client has been connected for N seconds. Default is 0.
-MaxIdleTime seconds
Terminate after N seconds of user inactivity. Default is 0.
-QueryConnect
Prompts the user of the desktop to explicitly accept or reject incoming
connections. Default is off.
The vncconfig(1) program must be running on the desktop in order for QueryConnect
to be supported.
-QueryConnectTimeout seconds
Number of seconds to show the Accept Connection dialog before rejecting the
connection. Default is 10.
-localhost
Only allow connections from the same machine. Useful if you use SSH and want to
stop non-SSH connections from any other hosts.
-Log logname:dest:level
Configures the debug log settings. dest can currently be stderr, stdout or syslog,
and level is between 0 and 100, 100 meaning most verbose output. logname is
usually * meaning all, but you can target a specific source file if you know the
name of its "LogWriter". Default is *:stderr:30.
-RemapKeys mapping
Sets up a keyboard mapping. mapping is a comma-separated string of character
mappings, each of the form char->char, or char<>char, where char is a hexadecimal
keysym. For example, to exchange the " and @ symbols you would specify the
following:
RemapKeys=0x22<>0x40
-AvoidShiftNumLock
Key affected by NumLock often require a fake Shift to be inserted in order for the
correct symbol to be generated. Turning on this option avoids these extra fake
Shift events but may result in a slightly different symbol (e.g. a Return instead
of a keypad Enter).
-RawKeyboard
Send keyboard events straight through and avoid mapping them to the current
keyboard layout. This effectively makes the keyboard behave according to the layout
configured on the server instead of the layout configured on the client. Default is
off.
-AllowOverride
Comma separated list of parameters that can be modified using VNC extension.
Parameters can be modified for example using vncconfig(1) program from inside a
running session.
Allowing override of parameters such as PAMService or PasswordFile can negatively
impact security if Xtigervnc runs under different user than the programs allowed to
override the parameters.
When NoClipboard parameter is set, allowing override of SendCutText and
AcceptCutText has no effect.
Default is
desktop,AcceptPointerEvents,SendCutText,AcceptCutText,SendPrimary,SetPrimary.
USAGE WITH INETD
By configuring the inetd(1) service appropriately, Xtigervnc can be launched on demand
when a connection comes in, rather than having to be started manually. When given the
-inetd option, instead of listening for TCP connections on a given port it uses its
standard input and standard output. There are two modes controlled by the wait/nowait
entry in the inetd.conf file.
In the nowait mode, Xtigervnc uses its standard input and output directly as the
connection to a viewer. It never has a listening socket, so cannot accept further
connections from viewers (it can however connect out to listening viewers by use of the
tigervncconfig program). Further viewer connections to the same TCP port result in inetd
spawning off a new Xtigervnc to deal with each connection. When the connection to the
viewer dies, the Xtigervnc and any associated X clients die. This behaviour is most
useful when combined with the XDMCP options -query and -once. An typical example in
inetd.conf might be (all on one line):
5950 stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/Xtigervnc Xtigervnc -inetd -query
localhost -once securitytypes=none
In this example a viewer connection to :50 will result in a new Xtigervnc for that
connection which should display the standard XDM login screen on that machine. Because
the user needs to login via XDM, it is usually OK to accept connections without a VNC
password in this case.
In the wait mode, when the first connection comes in, inetd gives the listening socket to
Xtigervnc. This means that for a given TCP port, there is only ever one Xtigervnc at a
time. Further viewer connections to the same port are accepted by the same Xtigervnc in
the normal way. Even when the original connection is broken, the Xtigervnc will continue
to run. If this is used with the XDMCP options -query and -once, the Xtigervnc and
associated X clients will die when the user logs out of the X session in the normal way.
It is important to use a VNC password in this case. A typical entry in inetd.conf might
be:
5951 stream tcp wait james /usr/local/bin/Xtigervnc Xtigervnc -inetd -query
localhost -once passwordFile=/home/james/.vnc/passwd
In fact typically, you would have one entry for each user who uses VNC regularly, each of
whom has their own dedicated TCP port which they use. In this example, when user "james"
connects to :51, he enters his VNC password, then gets the XDM login screen where he logs
in in the normal way. However, unlike the previous example, if he disconnects, the
session remains persistent, and when he reconnects he will get the same session back
again. When he logs out of the X session, the Xtigervnc will die, but of course a new one
will be created automatically the next time he connects.
SEE ALSO
tigervncconfig(1), tigervncpasswd(1), tigervncserver(1), xtigervncviewer(1), Xserver(1),
inetd(1)
https://www.tigervnc.org
AUTHOR
Tristan Richardson, RealVNC Ltd. and others.
VNC was originally developed by the RealVNC team while at Olivetti Research Ltd / AT&T
Laboratories Cambridge. TightVNC additions were implemented by Constantin Kaplinsky. Many
other people have since participated in development, testing and support. This manual is
part of the TigerVNC software suite.