Ubuntu Manpage: This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface

Provided by: manpages-posix_2013a-2_all

PROLOG

       This  manual  page  is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux implementation of this interface
       may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the  interface
       may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME

       chgrp — change the file group ownership

SYNOPSIS

       chgrp [−h] group file...

       chgrp −R [−H|−L|−P] group file...

DESCRIPTION

       The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each file operand to the group ID specified
       by the group operand.

       For each file operand, or, if the −R option is used, each file encountered while  walking  the  directory
       trees  specified  by the file operands, the chgrp utility shall perform actions equivalent to the chown()
       function defined in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2008, called with the following arguments:

        *  The file operand shall be used as the path argument.

        *  The user ID of the file shall be used as the owner argument.

        *  The specified group ID shall be used as the group argument.

       Unless chgrp is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID and  set-group-ID  bits
       of  a  regular file shall be cleared upon successful completion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of
       other file types may be cleared.

OPTIONS

The chgrp utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 12.2, Utility
Syntax Guidelines.

The following options shall be supported by the implementation:

−h For each file operand that names a file of type symbolic link, chgrp shall attempt to set the
group ID of the symbolic link instead of the file referenced by the symbolic link.

−H If the −R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is
specified on the command line, chgrp shall change the group of the directory referenced by the
symbolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.

−L If the −R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a file of type directory is
specified on the command line or encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp
shall change the group of the directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files in the
file hierarchy below it.

−P If the −R option is specified and a symbolic link is specified on the command line or
encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp shall change the group ID of the
symbolic link. The chgrp utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the
file hierarchy.

−R Recursively change file group IDs. For each file operand that names a directory, chgrp shall
change the group of the directory and all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a −H,
−L, or −P option is specified, it is unspecified which of these options will be used as the
default.

Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options −H, −L, and −P shall not be considered an
error. The last option specified shall determine the behavior of the utility.

OPERANDS

       The following operands shall be supported:

       group     A group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either specifies a group ID  to  be
                 given  to each file named by one of the file operands. If a numeric group operand exists in the
                 group database as a group name, the group ID number associated with that group name is used  as
                 the group ID.

       file      A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.

STDIN

       Not used.

INPUT FILES

       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of chgrp:

       LANG      Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the
                 Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2, Internationalization  Variables  for  the
                 precedence   of   internationalization  variables  used  to  determine  the  values  of  locale
                 categories.)

       LC_ALL    If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the  other  internationalization
                 variables.

       LC_CTYPE  Determine  the  locale  for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
                 (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

       LC_MESSAGES
                 Determine the locale that should be used to  affect  the  format  and  contents  of  diagnostic
                 messages written to standard error.

       NLSPATH   Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

       Default.

STDOUT

       Not used.

STDERR

       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES

       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

       None.

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values shall be returned:

        0    The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.

       >0    An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

       Default.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

       Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may change the owner or group of a file.

       Some  implementations  restrict  the  use  of  chgrp to a user with appropriate privileges when the group
       specified is not the effective group ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.

EXAMPLES

       None.

RATIONALE

       The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some implementations used the exit  status
       as  a  count of the number of errors that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it can overflow the
       range of valid exit status values. The standard developers chose to mask these by specifying only  0  and
       >0 as exit values.

       The  functionality of chgrp is described substantially through references to chown().  In this way, there
       is no duplication of effort required for describing the interactions of permissions, multiple groups, and
       so on.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition,
       Standard  for  Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,  Inc
       and  The  Open Group.  (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the event
       of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard,  the  original
       IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
       http://www.unix.org/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have  been  introduced
       during   the   conversion  of  the  source  files  to  man  page  format.  To  report  such  errors,  see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .