NAME

       git-fsck - Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database

SYNOPSIS

       git fsck [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs]
                [--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found]
                [--[no-]dangling] [--[no-]progress] [--connectivity-only]
                [--[no-]name-objects] [<object>*]

DESCRIPTION

       Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.

OPTIONS

       <object>
           An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.

           If no objects are given, git fsck defaults to using the index file, all SHA-1 references in refs
           namespace, and all reflogs (unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.

       --unreachable
           Print out objects that exist but that aren’t reachable from any of the reference nodes.

       --[no-]dangling
           Print objects that exist but that are never directly used (default).  --no-dangling can be used to
           omit this information from the output.

       --root
           Report root nodes.

       --tags
           Report tags.

       --cache
           Consider any object recorded in the index also as a head node for an unreachability trace.

       --no-reflogs
           Do not consider commits that are referenced only by an entry in a reflog to be reachable. This option
           is meant only to search for commits that used to be in a ref, but now aren’t, but are still in that
           corresponding reflog.

       --full
           Check not just objects in GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY ($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in
           alternate object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES or
           $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates, and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack and
           corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off
           with --no-full.

       --connectivity-only
           Check only the connectivity of reachable objects, making sure that any objects referenced by a
           reachable tag, commit, or tree is present. This speeds up the operation by avoiding reading blobs
           entirely (though it does still check that referenced blobs exist). This will detect corruption in
           commits and trees, but not do any semantic checks (e.g., for format errors). Corruption in blob
           objects will not be detected at all.

           Unreachable tags, commits, and trees will also be accessed to find the tips of dangling segments of
           history. Use --no-dangling if you don’t care about this output and want to speed it up further.

       --strict
           Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode recorded with g+w bit set, which was created
           by older versions of Git. Existing repositories, including the Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse
           repository have old objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended to check new projects
           with this flag.

       --verbose
           Be chatty.

       --lost-found
           Write dangling objects into .git/lost-found/commit/ or .git/lost-found/other/, depending on type. If
           the object is a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than its object name.

       --name-objects
           When displaying names of reachable objects, in addition to the SHA-1 also display a name that
           describes how they are reachable, compatible with git-rev-parse(1), e.g.
           HEAD@{1234567890}~25^2:src/.

       --[no-]progress
           Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by default when it is attached to a
           terminal, unless --no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces progress status even if
           the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.

CONFIGURATION

       fsck.<msg-id>
           During fsck git may find issues with legacy data which wouldn’t be generated by current versions of
           git, and which wouldn’t be sent over the wire if transfer.fsckObjects was set. This feature is
           intended to support working with legacy repositories containing such data.

           Setting fsck.<msg-id> will be picked up by git-fsck(1), but to accept pushes of such data set
           receive.fsck.<msg-id> instead, or to clone or fetch it set fetch.fsck.<msg-id>.

           The rest of the documentation discusses fsck.*  for brevity, but the same applies for the
           corresponding receive.fsck.*  and fetch.<msg-id>.*. variables.

           Unlike variables like color.ui and core.editor the receive.fsck.<msg-id> and fetch.fsck.<msg-id>
           variables will not fall back on the fsck.<msg-id> configuration if they aren’t set. To uniformly
           configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances all three of them they must all set to
           the same values.

           When fsck.<msg-id> is set, errors can be switched to warnings and vice versa by configuring the
           fsck.<msg-id> setting where the <msg-id> is the fsck message ID and the value is one of error, warn
           or ignore. For convenience, fsck prefixes the error/warning with the message ID, e.g. "missingEmail:
           invalid author/committer line - missing email" means that setting fsck.missingEmail = ignore will
           hide that issue.

           In general, it is better to enumerate existing objects with problems with fsck.skipList, instead of
           listing the kind of breakages these problematic objects share to be ignored, as doing the latter will
           allow new instances of the same breakages go unnoticed.

           Setting an unknown fsck.<msg-id> value will cause fsck to die, but doing the same for
           receive.fsck.<msg-id> and fetch.fsck.<msg-id> will only cause git to warn.

       fsck.skipList
           The path to a list of object names (i.e. one unabbreviated SHA-1 per line) that are known to be
           broken in a non-fatal way and should be ignored. On versions of Git 2.20 and later comments (#),
           empty lines, and any leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Everything but a SHA-1 per line will
           error out on older versions.

           This feature is useful when an established project should be accepted despite early commits
           containing errors that can be safely ignored such as invalid committer email addresses. Note: corrupt
           objects cannot be skipped with this setting.

           Like fsck.<msg-id> this variable has corresponding receive.fsck.skipList and fetch.fsck.skipList
           variants.

           Unlike variables like color.ui and core.editor the receive.fsck.skipList and fetch.fsck.skipList
           variables will not fall back on the fsck.skipList configuration if they aren’t set. To uniformly
           configure the same fsck settings in different circumstances all three of them they must all set to
           the same values.

           Older versions of Git (before 2.20) documented that the object names list should be sorted. This was
           never a requirement, the object names could appear in any order, but when reading the list we tracked
           whether the list was sorted for the purposes of an internal binary search implementation, which could
           save itself some work with an already sorted list. Unless you had a humongous list there was no
           reason to go out of your way to pre-sort the list. After Git version 2.20 a hash implementation is
           used instead, so there’s now no reason to pre-sort the list.

DISCUSSION

       git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking of the resulting reachability
       and everything else. It prints out any corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
       --unreachable flag it will also print out objects that exist but that aren’t reachable from any of the
       specified head nodes (or the default set, as mentioned above).

       Any corrupt objects you will have to find in backups or other archives (i.e., you can just remove them
       and do an rsync with some other site in the hopes that somebody else has the object you have corrupted).

       If core.commitGraph is true, the commit-graph file will also be inspected using git commit-graph verify.
       See git-commit-graph(1).

EXTRACTED DIAGNOSTICS

       expect dangling commits - potential heads - due to lack of head information
           You haven’t specified any nodes as heads so it won’t be possible to differentiate between un-parented
           commits and root nodes.

       missing sha1 directory <dir>
           The directory holding the sha1 objects is missing.

       unreachable <type> <object>
           The <type> object <object>, isn’t actually referred to directly or indirectly in any of the trees or
           commits seen. This can mean that there’s another root node that you’re not specifying or that the
           tree is corrupt. If you haven’t missed a root node then you might as well delete unreachable nodes
           since they can’t be used.

       missing <type> <object>
           The <type> object <object>, is referred to but isn’t present in the database.

       dangling <type> <object>
           The <type> object <object>, is present in the database but never directly used. A dangling commit
           could be a root node.

       hash mismatch <object>
           The database has an object whose hash doesn’t match the object database value. This indicates a
           serious data integrity problem.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
           used to specify the object database root (usually $GIT_DIR/objects)

       GIT_INDEX_FILE
           used to specify the index file of the index

       GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
           used to specify additional object database roots (usually unset)

GIT

       Part of the git(1) suite

Git 2.25.1                                         02/26/2025                                        GIT-FSCK(1)