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NAME

       r.univar  - Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
       Statistics  include  number  of  cells  counted,  minimum  and maximum cell values, range,
       arithmetic mean, population variance, standard deviation, coefficient  of  variation,  and
       sum.

KEYWORDS

       raster, statistics, univariate statistics, zonal statistics

SYNOPSIS

       r.univar
       r.univar --help
       r.univar       [-getr]       map=name[,name,...]        [zones=name]         [output=name]
       [percentile=float[,float,...]]      [separator=character]      [--overwrite]      [--help]
       [--verbose]  [--quiet]  [--ui]

   Flags:
       -g
           Print the stats in shell script style

       -e
           Calculate extended statistics

       -t
           Table output format instead of standard output format

       -r
           Use the native resolution and extent of the raster map, instead of the current region

       --overwrite
           Allow output files to overwrite existing files

       --help
           Print usage summary

       --verbose
           Verbose module output

       --quiet
           Quiet module output

       --ui
           Force launching GUI dialog

   Parameters:
       map=name[,name,...] [required]
           Name of raster map(s)

       zones=name
           Raster map used for zoning, must be of type CELL

       output=name
           Name for output file (if omitted or "-" output to stdout)

       percentile=float[,float,...]
           Percentile to calculate (requires extended statistics flag)
           Options: 0-100
           Default: 90

       separator=character
           Field separator
           Special characters: pipe, comma, space, tab, newline
           Default: pipe

DESCRIPTION

       r.univar  calculates  the  univariate  statistics  of  one  or several raster map(s). This
       includes the number of cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values,  range,  arithmetic
       mean,  population  variance,  standard  deviation,  coefficient  of  variation,  and  sum.
       Statistics are calculated separately for every category/zone found in the zones input  map
       if  given.   If  the  -e  extended  statistics flag is given the 1st quartile, median, 3rd
       quartile, and given percentile are calculated.  If the -g flag is given  the  results  are
       presented  in  a  format  suitable for use in a shell script.  If the -t flag is given the
       results are presented in tabular format with the given  field  separator.  The  table  can
       immediately be converted to a vector attribute table which can then be linked to a vector,
       e.g. the vector that was rasterized to create the zones input raster.

       When multiple input maps are given to r.univar, the  overall  statistics  are  calculated.
       This  is  useful  for  a  time  series  of the same variable, as well as for the case of a
       segmented/tiled dataset. Allowing multiple raster maps to be specified saves the user from
       using a temporary raster map for the result of r.series or r.patch.

NOTES

       As  with  most  GRASS raster modules, r.univar operates on the raster array defined by the
       current region settings, not the original extent and resolution  of  the  input  map.  See
       g.region,  but  also the wiki page on the computational region to understand the impact of
       the region settings on the calculations.

       This module can use large amounts of system memory when the -e extended statistics flag is
       used  with  a very large region setting. If the region is too large the module should exit
       gracefully with a memory allocation error. Basic statistics can be  calculated  using  any
       size input region.  Extended statistics can be calculated using r.stats.quantile.

       Without  a  zones input raster, the r.quantile module will be significantly more efficient
       for calculating percentiles with large maps.

       For calculating univariate statistics from a raster map based on vector  polygon  map  and
       uploads statistics to new attribute columns, see v.rast.stats.

EXAMPLES

   Univariate statistics
       In  this example, the raster map elevation in the North Carolina sample dataset is used to
       calculate univariate statistics:
       g.region raster=elevation -p
       # standard output, along with extended statistics
       r.univar -e elevation percentile=98
       total null and non-null cells: 2025000
       total null cells: 0
       Of the non-null cells:
       ----------------------
       n: 2025000
       minimum: 55.5788
       maximum: 156.33
       range: 100.751
       mean: 110.375
       mean of absolute values: 110.375
       standard deviation: 20.3153
       variance: 412.712
       variation coefficient: 18.4057 %
       sum: 223510266.558102
       1st quartile: 94.79
       median (even number of cells): 108.88
       3rd quartile: 126.792
       98th percentile: 147.727
       # script style output, along with extended statistics
       r.univar -ge elevation percentile=98
       n=2025000
       null_cells=0
       cells=2025000
       min=55.5787925720215
       max=156.329864501953
       range=100.751071929932
       mean=110.375440275606
       mean_of_abs=110.375440275606
       stddev=20.3153233205981
       variance=412.712361620436
       coeff_var=18.4056555243368
       sum=223510266.558102
       first_quartile=94.79
       median=108.88
       third_quartile=126.792
       percentile_98=147.727

   Zonal statistics
       In this example, the raster polygon map basins in the North  Carolina  sample  dataset  is
       used to calculate raster statistics for zones for elevation raster map:
       g.region raster=basins -p
       This will set and print computational region in the format:
       projection: 99 (Lambert Conformal Conic)
       zone:       0
       datum:      nad83
       ellipsoid:  a=6378137 es=0.006694380022900787
       north:      228500
       south:      215000
       west:       630000
       east:       645000
       nsres:      10
       ewres:      10
       rows:       1350
       cols:       1500
       cells:      2025000
       Check basin’s IDs using:
       r.category basins
       This will print them in the format:
       2
       4
       6
       8
       10
       12
       14
       16
       18
       20
       22
       24
       26
       28
       30
       Visualization of them underlying elevation map can be created as:
       d.mon wx0
       d.rast map=elevation
       r.colors map=elevation color=grey
       d.rast map=basins
       r.colors map=basins color=bgyr
       d.legend raster=basins use=2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30
       d.barscale
       Figure:  Zones  (basins,  opacity:  60%)  with underlying elevation map for North Carolina
       sample dataset.

       Then statistics for elevation can be calculated separately  for  every  zone,  i.e.  basin
       found in the zones parameter:
       r.univar -t map=elevation zones=basins separator=comma \
                output=basin_elev_zonal.csv
       This will print information in the format:
       zone,label,non_null_cells,null_cells,min,max,range,mean,mean_of_abs,
       stddev,variance,coeff_var,sum,sum_abs2,,116975,0,55.5787925720215,
       133.147018432617,77.5682258605957,92.1196971445722,92.1196971445722,
       15.1475301152556,229.447668592576,16.4433129773355,10775701.5734863,
       10775701.57348634,,75480,0,61.7890930175781,110.348838806152,
       48.5597457885742,83.7808205765268,83.7808205765268,11.6451777476995,
       135.610164775515,13.8995747088232,6323776.33711624,6323776.33711624
       6,,1137,0,66.9641571044922,83.2070922851562,16.2429351806641,
       73.1900814395257,73.1900814395257,4.15733292896409,17.2834170822492,
       5.68018623179036,83217.1225967407,83217.12259674078,,80506,
       0,67.4670791625977,147.161514282227, ...
       Comma  Separated  Values  (CSV)  file is best viewed through a spreadsheet program such as
       Microsoft Excel, Libre/Open Office Calc or Google Docs:
       Figure: Raster statistics for zones (basins, North Carolina sample dataset) viewed through
       Libre/Open Office Calc.

TODO

       To be implemented mode, skewness, kurtosis.

SEE ALSO

          g.region,   r3.univar,   r.mode,   r.quantile,   r.series,  r.stats,  r.stats.quantile,
       r.stats.zonal, r.statistics, v.rast.stats, v.univar

AUTHORS

       Hamish Bowman, Otago University, New Zealand
       Extended statistics by Martin Landa
       Multiple input map support by Ivan Shmakov
       Zonal loop by Markus Metz

SOURCE CODE

       Available at: r.univar source code (history)

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       © 2003-2019 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.2 Reference Manual