Provided by: systemd_245.4-4ubuntu3.24_amd64 
NAME
resolvectl, resolvconf, systemd-resolve - Resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource
records, and services; introspect and reconfigure the DNS resolver
SYNOPSIS
resolvectl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} [NAME...]
DESCRIPTION
resolvectl may be used to resolve domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource records and
services with the systemd-resolved.service(8) resolver service. By default, the specified list of
parameters will be resolved as hostnames, retrieving their IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. If the parameters
specified are formatted as IPv4 or IPv6 operation the reverse operation is done, and a hostname is
retrieved for the specified addresses.
The program's output contains information about the protocol used for the look-up and on which network
interface the data was discovered. It also contains information on whether the information could be
authenticated. All data for which local DNSSEC validation succeeds is considered authenticated. Moreover
all data originating from local, trusted sources is also reported authenticated, including resolution of
the local host name, the "localhost" host name or all data from /etc/hosts.
COMMANDS
query HOSTNAME|ADDRESS...
Resolve domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
service [[NAME] TYPE] DOMAIN
Resolve DNS-SD[1] and SRV[2] services, depending on the specified list of parameters. If three
parameters are passed the first is assumed to be the DNS-SD service name, the second the SRV service
type, and the third the domain to search in. In this case a full DNS-SD style SRV and TXT lookup is
executed. If only two parameters are specified, the first is assumed to be the SRV service type, and
the second the domain to look in. In this case no TXT RR is requested. Finally, if only one parameter
is specified, it is assumed to be a domain name, that is already prefixed with an SRV type, and an
SRV lookup is done (no TXT).
openpgp EMAIL@DOMAIN...
Query PGP keys stored as OPENPGPKEY[3] resource records. Specified e-mail addresses are converted to
the corresponding DNS domain name, and any OPENPGPKEY keys are printed.
tlsa [FAMILY] DOMAIN[:PORT]...
Query TLS public keys stored as TLSA[4] resource records. A query will be performed for each of the
specified names prefixed with the port and family ("_port._family.domain"). The port number may be
specified after a colon (":"), otherwise 443 will be used by default. The family may be specified as
the first argument, otherwise tcp will be used.
status [LINK...]
Shows the global and per-link DNS settings currently in effect. If no command is specified, this is
the implied default.
statistics
Shows general resolver statistics, including information whether DNSSEC is enabled and available, as
well as resolution and validation statistics.
reset-statistics
Resets the statistics counters shown in statistics to zero. This operation requires root privileges.
flush-caches
Flushes all DNS resource record caches the service maintains locally. This is mostly equivalent to
sending the SIGUSR2 to the systemd-resolved service.
reset-server-features
Flushes all feature level information the resolver learnt about specific servers, and ensures that
the server feature probing logic is started from the beginning with the next look-up request. This is
mostly equivalent to sending the SIGRTMIN+1 to the systemd-resolved service.
dns [LINK [SERVER...]], domain [LINK [DOMAIN...]], default-route [LINK [BOOL...]], llmnr [LINK [MODE]],
mdns [LINK [MODE]], dnssec [LINK [MODE]], dnsovertls [LINK [MODE]], nta [LINK [DOMAIN...]]
Get/set per-interface DNS configuration. These commands may be used to configure various DNS settings
for network interfaces. These commands may be used to inform systemd-resolved or systemd-networkd
about per-interface DNS configuration determined through external means. The dns command expects IPv4
or IPv6 address specifications of DNS servers to use. The domain command expects valid DNS domains,
possibly prefixed with "~", and configures a per-interface search or route-only domain. The
default-route command expects a boolean parameter, and configures whether the link may be used as
default route for DNS lookups, i.e. if it is suitable for lookups on domains no other link explicitly
is configured for. The llmnr, mdns, dnssec and dnsovertls commands may be used to configure the
per-interface LLMNR, MulticastDNS, DNSSEC and DNSOverTLS settings. Finally, nta command may be used
to configure additional per-interface DNSSEC NTA domains.
Commands dns, domain and nta can take a single empty string argument to clear their respective value
lists.
For details about these settings, their possible values and their effect, see the corresponding
settings in systemd.network(5).
revert LINK
Revert the per-interface DNS configuration. If the DNS configuration is reverted all per-interface
DNS setting are reset to their defaults, undoing all effects of dns, domain, default-route, llmnr,
mdns, dnssec, dnsovertls, nta. Note that when a network interface disappears all configuration is
lost automatically, an explicit reverting is not necessary in that case.
OPTIONS
-4, -6
By default, when resolving a hostname, both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are acquired. By specifying -4
only IPv4 addresses are requested, by specifying -6 only IPv6 addresses are requested.
-i INTERFACE, --interface=INTERFACE
Specifies the network interface to execute the query on. This may either be specified as numeric
interface index or as network interface string (e.g. "en0"). Note that this option has no effect if
system-wide DNS configuration (as configured in /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/systemd/resolve.conf) in
place of per-link configuration is used.
-p PROTOCOL, --protocol=PROTOCOL
Specifies the network protocol for the query. May be one of "dns" (i.e. classic unicast DNS), "llmnr"
(Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution[5]), "llmnr-ipv4", "llmnr-ipv6" (LLMNR via the indicated
underlying IP protocols), "mdns" (Multicast DNS[6]), "mdns-ipv4", "mdns-ipv6" (MDNS via the indicated
underlying IP protocols). By default the lookup is done via all protocols suitable for the lookup. If
used, limits the set of protocols that may be used. Use this option multiple times to enable
resolving via multiple protocols at the same time. The setting "llmnr" is identical to specifying
this switch once with "llmnr-ipv4" and once via "llmnr-ipv6". Note that this option does not force
the service to resolve the operation with the specified protocol, as that might require a suitable
network interface and configuration. The special value "help" may be used to list known values.
-t TYPE, --type=TYPE, -c CLASS, --class=CLASS
Specifies the DNS resource record type (e.g. A, AAAA, MX, ...) and class (e.g. IN, ANY, ...) to look
up. If these options are used a DNS resource record set matching the specified class and type is
requested. The class defaults to IN if only a type is specified. The special value "help" may be used
to list known values.
--service-address=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), when doing a service lookup with --service the
hostnames contained in the SRV resource records are resolved as well.
--service-txt=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), when doing a DNS-SD service lookup with --service
the TXT service metadata record is resolved as well.
--cname=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), DNS CNAME or DNAME redirections are followed.
Otherwise, if a CNAME or DNAME record is encountered while resolving, an error is returned.
--search=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), any specified single-label hostnames will be
searched in the domains configured in the search domain list, if it is non-empty. Otherwise, the
search domain logic is disabled.
--raw[=payload|packet]
Dump the answer as binary data. If there is no argument or if the argument is "payload", the payload
of the packet is exported. If the argument is "packet", the whole packet is dumped in wire format,
prefixed by length specified as a little-endian 64-bit number. This format allows multiple packets to
be dumped and unambiguously parsed.
--legend=BOOL
Takes a boolean parameter. If true (the default), column headers and meta information about the query
response are shown. Otherwise, this output is suppressed.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
--no-pager
Do not pipe output into a pager.
COMPATIBILITY WITH RESOLVCONF(8)
resolvectl is a multi-call binary. When invoked as "resolvconf" (generally achieved by means of a
symbolic link of this name to the resolvectl binary) it is run in a limited resolvconf(8) compatibility
mode. It accepts mostly the same arguments and pushes all data into systemd-resolved.service(8), similar
to how dns and domain commands operate. Note that systemd-resolved.service is the only supported backend,
which is different from other implementations of this command. Note that not all operations supported by
other implementations are supported natively. Specifically:
-a
Registers per-interface DNS configuration data with systemd-resolved. Expects a network interface
name as only command line argument. Reads resolv.conf(5) compatible DNS configuration data from its
standard input. Relevant fields are "nameserver" and "domain"/"search". This command is mostly
identical to invoking resolvectl with a combination of dns and domain commands.
-d
Unregisters per-interface DNS configuration data with systemd-resolved. This command is mostly
identical to invoking resolvectl revert.
-f
When specified -a and -d will not complain about missing network interfaces and will silently execute
no operation in that case.
-x
This switch for "exclusive" operation is supported only partially. It is mapped to an additional
configured search domain of "~." — i.e. ensures that DNS traffic is preferably routed to the DNS
servers on this interface, unless there are other, more specific domains configured on other
interfaces.
-m, -p
These switches are not supported and are silently ignored.
-u, -I, -i, -l, -R, -r, -v, -V, --enable-updates, --disable-updates, --are-updates-enabled
These switches are not supported and the command will fail if used.
See resolvconf(8) for details on this command line options.
BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY WITH SYSTEMD-RESOLVE
resolvectl is a multi-call binary, which previously was named "systemd-resolve" and used slightly
different parameters. When it is invoked as "systemd-resolve" (generally achieved by means of a symbolic
link of this name to the resolvectl binary), it runs in compatibility mode. For details on the specific
parameters and calling syntax, see the output from systemd-resolve --help. Calling the binary as
"systemd-resolve" is deprecated and should only be done for backwards compatibility. All current and new
use should call the binary as "resolvectl".
EXAMPLES
Example 1. Retrieve the addresses of the "www.0pointer.net" domain
$ resolvectl query www.0pointer.net
www.0pointer.net: 2a01:238:43ed:c300:10c3:bcf3:3266:da74
85.214.157.71
-- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 611.6ms.
-- Data is authenticated: no
Example 2. Retrieve the domain of the "85.214.157.71" IP address
$ resolvectl query 85.214.157.71
85.214.157.71: gardel.0pointer.net
-- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 1.2997s.
-- Data is authenticated: no
Example 3. Retrieve the MX record of the "yahoo.com" domain
$ resolvectl --legend=no -t MX query yahoo.com
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net
yahoo.com. IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net
Example 4. Resolve an SRV service
$ resolvectl service _xmpp-server._tcp gmail.com
_xmpp-server._tcp/gmail.com: alt1.xmpp-server.l.google.com:5269 [priority=20, weight=0]
173.194.210.125
alt4.xmpp-server.l.google.com:5269 [priority=20, weight=0]
173.194.65.125
...
Example 5. Retrieve a PGP key
$ resolvectl openpgp zbyszek@fedoraproject.org
d08ee310438ca124a6149ea5cc21b6313b390dce485576eff96f8722._openpgpkey.fedoraproject.org. IN OPENPGPKEY
mQINBFBHPMsBEACeInGYJCb+7TurKfb6wGyTottCDtiSJB310i37/6ZYoeIay/5soJjlMyf
MFQ9T2XNT/0LM6gTa0MpC1st9LnzYTMsT6tzRly1D1UbVI6xw0g0vE5y2Cjk3xUwAynCsSs
...
Example 6. Retrieve a TLS key ("tcp" and ":443" could be skipped)
$ resolvectl tlsa tcp fedoraproject.org:443
_443._tcp.fedoraproject.org IN TLSA 0 0 1 19400be5b7a31fb733917700789d2f0a2471c0c9d506c0e504c06c16d7cb17c0
-- Cert. usage: CA constraint
-- Selector: Full Certificate
-- Matching type: SHA-256
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd-resolved.service(8), systemd.dnssd(5), systemd-networkd.service(8), resolvconf(8)
NOTES
1. DNS-SD
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6763
2. SRV
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2782
3. OPENPGPKEY
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7929
4. TLSA
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6698
5. Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4795
6. Multicast DNS
https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6762.txt