NAME

       htobe16,  htole16,  be16toh,  le16toh,  htobe32,  htole32,  be32toh,  le32toh, htobe64, htole64, be64toh,
       le64toh - convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order

SYNOPSIS

       #include <endian.h>

       uint16_t htobe16(uint16_t host_16bits);
       uint16_t htole16(uint16_t host_16bits);
       uint16_t be16toh(uint16_t big_endian_16bits);
       uint16_t le16toh(uint16_t little_endian_16bits);

       uint32_t htobe32(uint32_t host_32bits);
       uint32_t htole32(uint32_t host_32bits);
       uint32_t be32toh(uint32_t big_endian_32bits);
       uint32_t le32toh(uint32_t little_endian_32bits);

       uint64_t htobe64(uint64_t host_64bits);
       uint64_t htole64(uint64_t host_64bits);
       uint64_t be64toh(uint64_t big_endian_64bits);
       uint64_t le64toh(uint64_t little_endian_64bits);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       htobe16(), htole16(),  be16toh(),  le16toh(),  htobe32(),  htole32(),  be32toh(),  le32toh(),  htobe64(),
       htole64(), be64toh(), le64toh():
           Since glibc 2.19:
               _DEFAULT_SOURCE
           In glibc up to and including 2.19:
               _BSD_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION

       These functions convert the byte encoding of integer values from the byte order that the current CPU (the
       "host") uses, to and from little-endian and big-endian byte order.

       The number, nn, in the name of each function indicates the size  of  integer  handled  by  the  function,
       either 16, 32, or 64 bits.

       The functions with names of the form "htobenn" convert from host byte order to big-endian order.

       The functions with names of the form "htolenn" convert from host byte order to little-endian order.

       The functions with names of the form "benntoh" convert from big-endian order to host byte order.

       The functions with names of the form "lenntoh" convert from little-endian order to host byte order.

VERSIONS

       These functions were added to glibc in version 2.9.

CONFORMING TO

       These  functions  are  nonstandard.  Similar functions are present on the BSDs, where the required header
       file is <sys/endian.h> instead of <endian.h>.  Unfortunately, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and glibc haven't followed
       the  original  OpenBSD  naming convention for these functions, whereby the nn component always appears at
       the end of the function name (thus, for example,  in  NetBSD,  FreeBSD,  and  glibc,  the  equivalent  of
       OpenBSDs "betoh32" is "be32toh").

NOTES

       These  functions  are  similar  to the older byteorder(3) family of functions.  For example, be32toh() is
       identical to ntohl().

       The advantage of the byteorder(3) functions is that they are standard functions  available  on  all  UNIX
       systems.  On the other hand, the fact that they were designed for use in the context of TCP/IP means that
       they lack the 64-bit and little-endian variants described in this page.

EXAMPLE

       The program below display the results of converting an integer from host byte order to both little-endian
       and  big-endian  byte  order.   Since  host byte order is either little-endian or big-endian, only one of
       these conversions will have an effect.  When we run this  program  on  a  little-endian  system  such  as
       x86-32, we see the following:

           $ ./a.out
           x.u32 = 0x44332211
           htole32(x.u32) = 0x44332211
           htobe32(x.u32) = 0x11223344

   Program source

       #include <endian.h>
       #include <stdint.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           union {
               uint32_t u32;
               uint8_t arr[4];
           } x;

           x.arr[0] = 0x11;     /* Lowest-address byte */
           x.arr[1] = 0x22;
           x.arr[2] = 0x33;
           x.arr[3] = 0x44;     /* Highest-address byte */

           printf("x.u32 = 0x%x\n", x.u32);
           printf("htole32(x.u32) = 0x%x\n", htole32(x.u32));
           printf("htobe32(x.u32) = 0x%x\n", htobe32(x.u32));

           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO

       bswap(3), byteorder(3)

COLOPHON

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       information  about  reporting  bugs,  and  the  latest  version  of  this   page,   can   be   found   at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.