Provided by: manpages-dev_5.10-1ubuntu1_all bug

NAME

       syscalls - Linux system calls

SYNOPSIS

       Linux system calls.

DESCRIPTION

       The system call is the fundamental interface between an application and the Linux kernel.

   System calls and library wrapper functions
       System calls are generally not invoked directly, but rather via wrapper functions in glibc
       (or perhaps some other library).  For details of direct invocation of a system  call,  see
       intro(2).  Often, but not always, the name of the wrapper function is the same as the name
       of the system call that it invokes.  For example, glibc contains a function chdir()  which
       invokes the underlying "chdir" system call.

       Often  the  glibc  wrapper  function  is  quite thin, doing little work other than copying
       arguments to the right registers before invoking the system call, and then  setting  errno
       appropriately  after  the  system  call  has returned.  (These are the same steps that are
       performed by syscall(2), which can be used to invoke system calls  for  which  no  wrapper
       function  is  provided.)   Note:  system  calls indicate a failure by returning a negative
       error number to the caller on architectures without a  separate  error  register/flag,  as
       noted  in  syscall(2);  when this happens, the wrapper function negates the returned error
       number (to make it positive), copies it to errno, and returns -1  to  the  caller  of  the
       wrapper.

       Sometimes,  however,  the wrapper function does some extra work before invoking the system
       call.  For example, nowadays there are (for reasons described below)  two  related  system
       calls,  truncate(2)  and  truncate64(2),  and the glibc truncate() wrapper function checks
       which of those system calls are provided by the kernel  and  determines  which  should  be
       employed.

   System call list
       Below  is  a list of the Linux system calls.  In the list, the Kernel column indicates the
       kernel version for those system calls that were new in Linux 2.2, or have  appeared  since
       that kernel version.  Note the following points:

       *  Where  no  kernel  version  is  indicated,  the  system  call appeared in kernel 1.0 or
          earlier.

       *  Where a system call is marked "1.2" this means the system call probably appeared  in  a
          1.1.x  kernel version, and first appeared in a stable kernel with 1.2.  (Development of
          the 1.2 kernel was initiated from a branch of  kernel  1.0.6  via  the  1.1.x  unstable
          kernel series.)

       *  Where  a  system call is marked "2.0" this means the system call probably appeared in a
          1.3.x kernel version, and first appeared in a stable kernel with 2.0.  (Development  of
          the  2.0  kernel  was initiated from a branch of kernel 1.2.x, somewhere around 1.2.10,
          via the 1.3.x unstable kernel series.)

       *  Where a system call is marked "2.2" this means the system call probably appeared  in  a
          2.1.x  kernel  version, and first appeared in a stable kernel with 2.2.0.  (Development
          of the 2.2 kernel was initiated from a branch of kernel 2.0.21 via the  2.1.x  unstable
          kernel series.)

       *  Where  a  system call is marked "2.4" this means the system call probably appeared in a
          2.3.x kernel version, and first appeared in a stable kernel with  2.4.0.   (Development
          of  the  2.4  kernel was initiated from a branch of kernel 2.2.8 via the 2.3.x unstable
          kernel series.)

       *  Where a system call is marked "2.6" this means the system call probably appeared  in  a
          2.5.x  kernel  version, and first appeared in a stable kernel with 2.6.0.  (Development
          of kernel 2.6 was initiated from a branch of  kernel  2.4.15  via  the  2.5.x  unstable
          kernel series.)

       *  Starting  with  kernel  2.6.0,  the development model changed, and new system calls may
          appear in each 2.6.x release.  In this case, the exact version number where the  system
          call  appeared  is  shown.  This convention continues with the 3.x kernel series, which
          followed on from kernel 2.6.39; and the 4.x  kernel  series,  which  followed  on  from
          kernel 3.19; and the 5.x kernel series, which followed on from kernel 4.20.

       *  In some cases, a system call was added to a stable kernel series after it branched from
          the previous stable kernel series, and then backported into the earlier  stable  kernel
          series.  For example some system calls that appeared in 2.6.x were also backported into
          a 2.4.x release after 2.4.15.  When this is so,  the  version  where  the  system  call
          appeared in both of the major kernel series is listed.

       The  list  of system calls that are available as at kernel 5.10 (or in a few cases only on
       older kernels) is as follows:

       System call                Kernel        Notes
       ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

       _llseek(2)                 1.2
       _newselect(2)              2.0
       _sysctl(2)                 2.0           Removed in 5.5
       accept(2)                  2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       accept4(2)                 2.6.28
       access(2)                  1.0
       acct(2)                    1.0
       add_key(2)                 2.6.10
       adjtimex(2)                1.0
       alarm(2)                   1.0
       alloc_hugepages(2)         2.5.36        Removed in 2.5.44
       arc_gettls(2)              3.9           ARC only
       arc_settls(2)              3.9           ARC only
       arc_usr_cmpxchg(2)         4.9           ARC only
       arch_prctl(2)              2.6           x86_64, x86 since 4.12
       atomic_barrier(2)          2.6.34        m68k only
       atomic_cmpxchg_32(2)       2.6.34        m68k only
       bdflush(2)                 1.2           Deprecated (does nothing)
                                                since 2.6
       bind(2)                    2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       bpf(2)                     3.18
       brk(2)                     1.0
       breakpoint(2)              2.2           ARM OABI only, defined with
                                                __ARM_NR prefix
       cacheflush(2)              1.2           Not on x86
       capget(2)                  2.2
       capset(2)                  2.2
       chdir(2)                   1.0
       chmod(2)                   1.0
       chown(2)                   2.2           See chown(2) for
                                                version details
       chown32(2)                 2.4
       chroot(2)                  1.0
       clock_adjtime(2)           2.6.39
       clock_getres(2)            2.6
       clock_gettime(2)           2.6
       clock_nanosleep(2)         2.6
       clock_settime(2)           2.6
       clone2(2)                  2.4           IA-64 only
       clone(2)                   1.0
       clone3(2)                  5.3
       close(2)                   1.0
       close_range(2)             5.9
       connect(2)                 2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)

       copy_file_range(2)         4.5
       creat(2)                   1.0
       create_module(2)           1.0           Removed in 2.6
       delete_module(2)           1.0
       dup(2)                     1.0
       dup2(2)                    1.0
       dup3(2)                    2.6.27
       epoll_create(2)            2.6
       epoll_create1(2)           2.6.27
       epoll_ctl(2)               2.6
       epoll_pwait(2)             2.6.19
       epoll_wait(2)              2.6
       eventfd(2)                 2.6.22
       eventfd2(2)                2.6.27
       execv(2)                   2.0           SPARC/SPARC64 only, for
                                                compatibility with SunOS
       execve(2)                  1.0
       execveat(2)                3.19
       exit(2)                    1.0
       exit_group(2)              2.6
       faccessat(2)               2.6.16
       faccessat2(2)              5.8
       fadvise64(2)               2.6
       fadvise64_64(2)            2.6
       fallocate(2)               2.6.23
       fanotify_init(2)           2.6.37
       fanotify_mark(2)           2.6.37
       fchdir(2)                  1.0
       fchmod(2)                  1.0
       fchmodat(2)                2.6.16
       fchown(2)                  1.0
       fchown32(2)                2.4
       fchownat(2)                2.6.16
       fcntl(2)                   1.0
       fcntl64(2)                 2.4
       fdatasync(2)               2.0
       fgetxattr(2)               2.6; 2.4.18
       finit_module(2)            3.8
       flistxattr(2)              2.6; 2.4.18
       flock(2)                   2.0
       fork(2)                    1.0
       free_hugepages(2)          2.5.36        Removed in 2.5.44
       fremovexattr(2)            2.6; 2.4.18
       fsconfig(2)                5.2
       fsetxattr(2)               2.6; 2.4.18
       fsmount(2)                 5.2
       fsopen(2)                  5.2
       fspick(2)                  5.2
       fstat(2)                   1.0
       fstat64(2)                 2.4
       fstatat64(2)               2.6.16
       fstatfs(2)                 1.0
       fstatfs64(2)               2.6
       fsync(2)                   1.0
       ftruncate(2)               1.0
       ftruncate64(2)             2.4
       futex(2)                   2.6
       futimesat(2)               2.6.16
       get_kernel_syms(2)         1.0           Removed in 2.6
       get_mempolicy(2)           2.6.6
       get_robust_list(2)         2.6.17
       get_thread_area(2)         2.6
       get_tls(2)                 4.15          ARM OABI only, has
                                                __ARM_NR prefix
       getcpu(2)                  2.6.19

       getcwd(2)                  2.2
       getdents(2)                2.0
       getdents64(2)              2.4
       getdomainname(2)           2.2           SPARC, SPARC64; available
                                                as osf_getdomainname(2)
                                                on Alpha since Linux 2.0
       getdtablesize(2)           2.0           SPARC (removed in 2.6.26),
                                                available on Alpha as
                                                osf_getdtablesize(2)
       getegid(2)                 1.0
       getegid32(2)               2.4
       geteuid(2)                 1.0
       geteuid32(2)               2.4
       getgid(2)                  1.0
       getgid32(2)                2.4
       getgroups(2)               1.0
       getgroups32(2)             2.4
       gethostname(2)             2.0           Alpha, was available on
                                                SPARC up to Linux 2.6.26
       getitimer(2)               1.0
       getpeername(2)             2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       getpagesize(2)             2.0           Not on x86
       getpgid(2)                 1.0
       getpgrp(2)                 1.0
       getpid(2)                  1.0
       getppid(2)                 1.0
       getpriority(2)             1.0
       getrandom(2)               3.17
       getresgid(2)               2.2
       getresgid32(2)             2.4
       getresuid(2)               2.2
       getresuid32(2)             2.4
       getrlimit(2)               1.0
       getrusage(2)               1.0
       getsid(2)                  2.0
       getsockname(2)             2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       getsockopt(2)              2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       gettid(2)                  2.4.11
       gettimeofday(2)            1.0
       getuid(2)                  1.0
       getuid32(2)                2.4
       getunwind(2)               2.4.8         IA-64 only; deprecated
       getxattr(2)                2.6; 2.4.18
       getxgid(2)                 2.0           Alpha only; see NOTES
       getxpid(2)                 2.0           Alpha only; see NOTES
       getxuid(2)                 2.0           Alpha only; see NOTES
       init_module(2)             1.0
       inotify_add_watch(2)       2.6.13
       inotify_init(2)            2.6.13
       inotify_init1(2)           2.6.27
       inotify_rm_watch(2)        2.6.13
       io_cancel(2)               2.6
       io_destroy(2)              2.6
       io_getevents(2)            2.6
       io_pgetevents(2)           4.18
       io_setup(2)                2.6
       io_submit(2)               2.6
       io_uring_enter(2)          5.1
       io_uring_register(2)       5.1
       io_uring_setup(2)          5.1
       ioctl(2)                   1.0
       ioperm(2)                  1.0
       iopl(2)                    1.0
       ioprio_get(2)              2.6.13
       ioprio_set(2)              2.6.13

       ipc(2)                     1.0
       kcmp(2)                    3.5
       kern_features(2)           3.7           SPARC64 only
       kexec_file_load(2)         3.17
       kexec_load(2)              2.6.13
       keyctl(2)                  2.6.10
       kill(2)                    1.0
       lchown(2)                  1.0           See chown(2) for
                                                version details
       lchown32(2)                2.4
       lgetxattr(2)               2.6; 2.4.18
       link(2)                    1.0
       linkat(2)                  2.6.16
       listen(2)                  2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       listxattr(2)               2.6; 2.4.18
       llistxattr(2)              2.6; 2.4.18
       lookup_dcookie(2)          2.6
       lremovexattr(2)            2.6; 2.4.18
       lseek(2)                   1.0
       lsetxattr(2)               2.6; 2.4.18
       lstat(2)                   1.0
       lstat64(2)                 2.4
       madvise(2)                 2.4
       mbind(2)                   2.6.6
       memory_ordering(2)         2.2           SPARC64 only
       membarrier(2)              3.17
       memfd_create(2)            3.17
       migrate_pages(2)           2.6.16
       mincore(2)                 2.4
       mkdir(2)                   1.0
       mkdirat(2)                 2.6.16
       mknod(2)                   1.0
       mknodat(2)                 2.6.16
       mlock(2)                   2.0
       mlock2(2)                  4.4
       mlockall(2)                2.0
       mmap(2)                    1.0
       mmap2(2)                   2.4
       modify_ldt(2)              1.0
       mount(2)                   1.0
       move_mount(2)              5.2
       move_pages(2)              2.6.18
       mprotect(2)                1.0
       mq_getsetattr(2)           2.6.6
       mq_notify(2)               2.6.6
       mq_open(2)                 2.6.6
       mq_timedreceive(2)         2.6.6
       mq_timedsend(2)            2.6.6
       mq_unlink(2)               2.6.6
       mremap(2)                  2.0
       msgctl(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       msgget(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       msgrcv(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       msgsnd(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       msync(2)                   2.0
       munlock(2)                 2.0
       munlockall(2)              2.0
       munmap(2)                  1.0
       name_to_handle_at(2)       2.6.39
       nanosleep(2)               2.0
       newfstatat(2)              2.6.16        See stat(2)
       nfsservctl(2)              2.2           Removed in 3.1
       nice(2)                    1.0
       old_adjtimex(2)            2.0           Alpha only; see NOTES

       old_getrlimit(2)           2.4           Old variant of getrlimit(2)
                                                that used a different value
                                                for RLIM_INFINITY
       oldfstat(2)                1.0
       oldlstat(2)                1.0
       oldolduname(2)             1.0
       oldstat(2)                 1.0
       oldumount(2)               2.4.116       Name of the old umount(2)
                                                syscall on Alpha
       olduname(2)                1.0
       open(2)                    1.0
       open_by_handle_at(2)       2.6.39
       open_tree(2)               5.2
       openat(2)                  2.6.16
       openat2(2)                 5.6
       or1k_atomic(2)             3.1           OpenRISC 1000 only
       pause(2)                   1.0
       pciconfig_iobase(2)        2.2.15; 2.4   Not on x86
       pciconfig_read(2)          2.0.26; 2.2   Not on x86
       pciconfig_write(2)         2.0.26; 2.2   Not on x86
       perf_event_open(2)         2.6.31        Was perf_counter_open() in
                                                2.6.31; renamed in 2.6.32
       personality(2)             1.2
       perfctr(2)                 2.2           SPARC only; removed in 2.6.34
       perfmonctl(2)              2.4           IA-64 only
       pidfd_getfd(2)             5.6
       pidfd_send_signal(2)       5.1
       pidfd_open(2)              5.3
       pipe(2)                    1.0
       pipe2(2)                   2.6.27
       pivot_root(2)              2.4
       pkey_alloc(2)              4.8
       pkey_free(2)               4.8
       pkey_mprotect(2)           4.8
       poll(2)                    2.0.36; 2.2
       ppoll(2)                   2.6.16
       prctl(2)                   2.2
       pread64(2)                               Added as "pread" in 2.2;
                                                renamed "pread64" in 2.6
       preadv(2)                  2.6.30
       preadv2(2)                 4.6
       prlimit64(2)               2.6.36
       process_madvise(2)         5.10
       process_vm_readv(2)        3.2
       process_vm_writev(2)       3.2
       pselect6(2)                2.6.16
       ptrace(2)                  1.0
       pwrite64(2)                              Added as "pwrite" in 2.2;
                                                renamed "pwrite64" in 2.6
       pwritev(2)                 2.6.30
       pwritev2(2)                4.6
       query_module(2)            2.2           Removed in 2.6
       quotactl(2)                1.0
       read(2)                    1.0
       readahead(2)               2.4.13
       readdir(2)                 1.0
       readlink(2)                1.0
       readlinkat(2)              2.6.16
       readv(2)                   2.0
       reboot(2)                  1.0
       recv(2)                    2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       recvfrom(2)                2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       recvmsg(2)                 2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       recvmmsg(2)                2.6.33
       remap_file_pages(2)        2.6           Deprecated since 3.16

       removexattr(2)             2.6; 2.4.18
       rename(2)                  1.0
       renameat(2)                2.6.16
       renameat2(2)               3.15
       request_key(2)             2.6.10
       restart_syscall(2)         2.6
       riscv_flush_icache(2)      4.15          RISC-V only
       rmdir(2)                   1.0
       rseq(2)                    4.18
       rt_sigaction(2)            2.2
       rt_sigpending(2)           2.2
       rt_sigprocmask(2)          2.2
       rt_sigqueueinfo(2)         2.2
       rt_sigreturn(2)            2.2
       rt_sigsuspend(2)           2.2
       rt_sigtimedwait(2)         2.2
       rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2)       2.6.31
       rtas(2)                    2.6.2         PowerPC/PowerPC64 only
       s390_runtime_instr(2)      3.7           s390 only
       s390_pci_mmio_read(2)      3.19          s390 only
       s390_pci_mmio_write(2)     3.19          s390 only
       s390_sthyi(2)              4.15          s390 only
       s390_guarded_storage(2)    4.12          s390 only
       sched_get_affinity(2)      2.6           Name of sched_getaffinity(2)
                                                on SPARC and SPARC64
       sched_get_priority_max(2)  2.0
       sched_get_priority_min(2)  2.0
       sched_getaffinity(2)       2.6
       sched_getattr(2)           3.14
       sched_getparam(2)          2.0
       sched_getscheduler(2)      2.0
       sched_rr_get_interval(2)   2.0
       sched_set_affinity(2)      2.6           Name of sched_setaffinity(2)
                                                on SPARC and SPARC64
       sched_setaffinity(2)       2.6
       sched_setattr(2)           3.14
       sched_setparam(2)          2.0
       sched_setscheduler(2)      2.0
       sched_yield(2)             2.0
       seccomp(2)                 3.17
       select(2)                  1.0
       semctl(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       semget(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       semop(2)                   2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       semtimedop(2)              2.6; 2.4.22
       send(2)                    2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       sendfile(2)                2.2
       sendfile64(2)              2.6; 2.4.19
       sendmmsg(2)                3.0
       sendmsg(2)                 2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       sendto(2)                  2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       set_mempolicy(2)           2.6.6
       set_robust_list(2)         2.6.17
       set_thread_area(2)         2.6
       set_tid_address(2)         2.6
       set_tls(2)                 2.6.11        ARM OABI/EABI only (constant
                                                has __ARM_NR prefix)
       setdomainname(2)           1.0
       setfsgid(2)                1.2
       setfsgid32(2)              2.4
       setfsuid(2)                1.2
       setfsuid32(2)              2.4
       setgid(2)                  1.0
       setgid32(2)                2.4
       setgroups(2)               1.0

       setgroups32(2)             2.4
       sethae(2)                  2.0           Alpha only; see NOTES
       sethostname(2)             1.0
       setitimer(2)               1.0
       setns(2)                   3.0
       setpgid(2)                 1.0
       setpgrp(2)                 2.0           Alternative name for
                                                setpgid(2) on Alpha
       setpriority(2)             1.0
       setregid(2)                1.0
       setregid32(2)              2.4
       setresgid(2)               2.2
       setresgid32(2)             2.4
       setresuid(2)               2.2
       setresuid32(2)             2.4
       setreuid(2)                1.0
       setreuid32(2)              2.4
       setrlimit(2)               1.0
       setsid(2)                  1.0
       setsockopt(2)              2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       settimeofday(2)            1.0
       setuid(2)                  1.0
       setuid32(2)                2.4
       setup(2)                   1.0           Removed in 2.2
       setxattr(2)                2.6; 2.4.18
       sgetmask(2)                1.0
       shmat(2)                   2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       shmctl(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       shmdt(2)                   2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       shmget(2)                  2.0           See notes on ipc(2)
       shutdown(2)                2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       sigaction(2)               1.0
       sigaltstack(2)             2.2
       signal(2)                  1.0
       signalfd(2)                2.6.22
       signalfd4(2)               2.6.27
       sigpending(2)              1.0
       sigprocmask(2)             1.0
       sigreturn(2)               1.0
       sigsuspend(2)              1.0
       socket(2)                  2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       socketcall(2)              1.0
       socketpair(2)              2.0           See notes on socketcall(2)
       spill(2)                   2.6.13        Xtensa only
       splice(2)                  2.6.17
       spu_create(2)              2.6.16        PowerPC/PowerPC64 only
       spu_run(2)                 2.6.16        PowerPC/PowerPC64 only
       ssetmask(2)                1.0
       stat(2)                    1.0
       stat64(2)                  2.4
       statfs(2)                  1.0
       statfs64(2)                2.6
       statx(2)                   4.11
       stime(2)                   1.0
       subpage_prot(2)            2.6.25        PowerPC/PowerPC64 only
       swapcontext(2)             2.6.3         PowerPC/PowerPC64 only
       switch_endian(2)           4.1           PowerPC64 only
       swapoff(2)                 1.0
       swapon(2)                  1.0
       symlink(2)                 1.0
       symlinkat(2)               2.6.16
       sync(2)                    1.0
       sync_file_range(2)         2.6.17
       sync_file_range2(2)        2.6.22
       syncfs(2)                  2.6.39

       sys_debug_setcontext(2)    2.6.11        PowerPC only
       syscall(2)                 1.0           Still available on ARM OABI
                                                and MIPS O32 ABI
       sysfs(2)                   1.2
       sysinfo(2)                 1.0
       syslog(2)                  1.0
       sysmips(2)                 2.6.0         MIPS only
       tee(2)                     2.6.17
       tgkill(2)                  2.6
       time(2)                    1.0
       timer_create(2)            2.6
       timer_delete(2)            2.6
       timer_getoverrun(2)        2.6
       timer_gettime(2)           2.6
       timer_settime(2)           2.6
       timerfd_create(2)          2.6.25
       timerfd_gettime(2)         2.6.25
       timerfd_settime(2)         2.6.25
       times(2)                   1.0
       tkill(2)                   2.6; 2.4.22
       truncate(2)                1.0
       truncate64(2)              2.4
       ugetrlimit(2)              2.4
       umask(2)                   1.0
       umount(2)                  1.0
       umount2(2)                 2.2
       uname(2)                   1.0
       unlink(2)                  1.0
       unlinkat(2)                2.6.16
       unshare(2)                 2.6.16
       uselib(2)                  1.0
       ustat(2)                   1.0
       userfaultfd(2)             4.3
       usr26(2)                   2.4.8.1       ARM OABI only
       usr32(2)                   2.4.8.1       ARM OABI only
       utime(2)                   1.0
       utimensat(2)               2.6.22
       utimes(2)                  2.2
       utrap_install(2)           2.2           SPARC64 only
       vfork(2)                   2.2
       vhangup(2)                 1.0
       vm86old(2)                 1.0           Was "vm86"; renamed in
                                                2.0.28/2.2
       vm86(2)                    2.0.28; 2.2
       vmsplice(2)                2.6.17
       wait4(2)                   1.0
       waitid(2)                  2.6.10
       waitpid(2)                 1.0
       write(2)                   1.0
       writev(2)                  2.0
       xtensa(2)                  2.6.13        Xtensa only

       On many platforms, including x86-32, socket calls are all multiplexed (via  glibc  wrapper
       functions)  through socketcall(2) and similarly System V IPC calls are multiplexed through
       ipc(2).

       Although slots are reserved for them in the system call table, the following system  calls
       are   not   implemented  in  the  standard  kernel:  afs_syscall(2),  break(2),  ftime(2),
       getpmsg(2), gtty(2), idle(2), lock(2), madvise1(2), mpx(2), phys(2),  prof(2),  profil(2),
       putpmsg(2),   security(2),  stty(2),  tuxcall(2),  ulimit(2),  and  vserver(2)  (see  also
       unimplemented(2)).  However, ftime(3), profil(3), and ulimit(3) exist as library routines.
       The  slot  for phys(2) is in use since kernel 2.1.116 for umount(2); phys(2) will never be
       implemented.  The getpmsg(2) and putpmsg(2) calls  are  for  kernels  patched  to  support
       STREAMS, and may never be in the standard kernel.

       There  was briefly set_zone_reclaim(2), added in Linux 2.6.13, and removed in 2.6.16; this
       system call was never available to user space.

   System calls on removed ports
       Some system calls only ever existed on Linux architectures that have  since  been  removed
       from the kernel:

       AVR32 (port removed in Linux 4.12)
              * pread(2)
              * pwrite(2)

       Blackfin (port removed in Linux 4.17)
              * bfin_spinlock(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)
              * dma_memcpy(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)
              * pread(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)
              * pwrite(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)
              * sram_alloc(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)
              * sram_free(2) (added in Linux 2.6.22)

       Metag (port removed in Linux 4.17)
              * metag_get_tls(2) (add in Linux 3.9)
              * metag_set_fpu_flags(2) (add in Linux 3.9)
              * metag_set_tls(2) (add in Linux 3.9)
              * metag_setglobalbit(2) (add in Linux 3.9)

       Tile (port removed in Linux 4.17)
              * cmpxchg_badaddr(2) (added in Linux 2.6.36)

NOTES

       Roughly  speaking,  the  code belonging to the system call with number __NR_xxx defined in
       /usr/include/asm/unistd.h can  be  found  in  the  Linux  kernel  source  in  the  routine
       sys_xxx().   There  are  many  exceptions, however, mostly because older system calls were
       superseded by newer ones,  and  this  has  been  treated  somewhat  unsystematically.   On
       platforms  with proprietary operating-system emulation, such as sparc, sparc64, and alpha,
       there are many additional system calls; mips64 also contains a full set of  32-bit  system
       calls.

       Over time, changes to the interfaces of some system calls have been necessary.  One reason
       for such changes was the need to increase the size of structures or scalar  values  passed
       to   the   system  call.   Because  of  these  changes,  certain  architectures  (notably,
       longstanding 32-bit architectures such as i386) now have various groups of related  system
       calls (e.g., truncate(2) and truncate64(2)) which perform similar tasks, but which vary in
       details such as the  size  of  their  arguments.   (As  noted  earlier,  applications  are
       generally  unaware  of  this:  the glibc wrapper functions do some work to ensure that the
       right system call is invoked, and that ABI compatibility is preserved for  old  binaries.)
       Examples of systems calls that exist in multiple versions are the following:

       *  By  now  there are three different versions of stat(2): sys_stat() (slot __NR_oldstat),
          sys_newstat() (slot __NR_stat), and sys_stat64()  (slot  __NR_stat64),  with  the  last
          being the most current.  A similar story applies for lstat(2) and fstat(2).

       *  Similarly,  the  defines  __NR_oldolduname,  __NR_olduname, and __NR_uname refer to the
          routines sys_olduname(), sys_uname(), and sys_newuname().

       *  In Linux 2.0, a new version of vm86(2) appeared,  with  the  old  and  the  new  kernel
          routines being named sys_vm86old() and sys_vm86().

       *  In  Linux  2.4, a new version of getrlimit(2) appeared, with the old and the new kernel
          routines being named  sys_old_getrlimit()  (slot  __NR_getrlimit)  and  sys_getrlimit()
          (slot __NR_ugetrlimit).

       *  Linux 2.4 increased the size of user and group IDs from 16 to 32 bits.  To support this
          change,  a  range  of  system  calls  were  added   (e.g.,   chown32(2),   getuid32(2),
          getgroups32(2), setresuid32(2)), superseding earlier calls of the same name without the
          "32" suffix.

       *  Linux 2.4 added support for applications on 32-bit architectures to access large  files
          (i.e., files for which the sizes and file offsets can't be represented in 32 bits.)  To
          support this change, replacements were required for system calls that  deal  with  file
          offsets   and   sizes.   Thus  the  following  system  calls  were  added:  fcntl64(2),
          getdents64(2), stat64(2), statfs64(2), truncate64(2), and their analogs that work  with
          file  descriptors  or  symbolic  links.   These system calls supersede the older system
          calls which, except in the case of the "stat" calls, have the  same  name  without  the
          "64" suffix.

          On newer platforms that only have 64-bit file access and 32-bit UIDs/GIDs (e.g., alpha,
          ia64, s390x, x86-64), there is just a single version of the  UID/GID  and  file  access
          system  calls.   On platforms (typically, 32-bit platforms) where the *64 and *32 calls
          exist, the other versions are obsolete.

       *  The rt_sig* calls were added in kernel 2.2 to support the addition of real-time signals
          (see  signal(7)).  These system calls supersede the older system calls of the same name
          without the "rt_" prefix.

       *  The select(2) and mmap(2) system  calls  use  five  or  more  arguments,  which  caused
          problems  in the way argument passing on the i386 used to be set up.  Thus, while other
          architectures  have  sys_select()  and  sys_mmap()  corresponding  to  __NR_select  and
          __NR_mmap,  on  i386 one finds old_select() and old_mmap() (routines that use a pointer
          to an argument block) instead.  These days passing five arguments is not a problem  any
          more,  and  there  is  a  __NR__newselect that corresponds directly to sys_select() and
          similarly __NR_mmap2.  s390x is the only 64-bit architecture that has old_mmap().

   Architecture-specific details: Alpha
       *  getxgid(2) returns a pair of GID and effective GID via registers  r0  and  r20;  it  is
          provided instead of getgid(2) and getegid(2).

       *  getxpid(2)  returns  a  pair  of  PID  and  parent  PID via registers r0 and r20; it is
          provided instead of getpid(2) and getppid(2).

       *  old_adjtimex(2)  is  a  variant  of  adjtimex(2)  that  uses  struct   timeval32,   for
          compatibility with OSF/1.

       *  getxuid(2)  returns  a  pair  of  GID and effective GID via registers r0 and r20; it is
          provided instead of getuid(2) and geteuid(2).

       *  sethae(2) is used for configuring the  Host  Address  Extension  register  on  low-cost
          Alphas in order to access address space beyond first 27 bits.

SEE ALSO

       intro(2), syscall(2), unimplemented(2), errno(3), libc(7), vdso(7)

COLOPHON

       This  page  is  part of release 5.10 of the Linux man-pages project.  A description of the
       project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of  this  page,  can  be
       found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.