Ubuntu Manpage: bochsrc - Configuration file for Bochs.

NAME

       bochsrc - Configuration file for Bochs.

DESCRIPTION

       Bochsrc   is  the   configuration   file  that specifies where  Bochs should look for disk
       images,  how the Bochs emulation layer   should   work,   etc.    The   syntax   used  for
       bochsrc   can also be used as command line  arguments for Bochs. The .bochsrc  file should
       be placed either in the  current   directory   before  running   Bochs  or  in  your  home
       directory.

       Starting  with  Bochs  1.3,  you  can  use  environment variables in the bochsrc file, for
       example:

         floppya: 1_44="$IMAGES/bootdisk.img", status=inserted

       Starting with version 2.0, two environment variables have a built-in default  value  which
       is  set  at  compile  time.   $BXSHARE  points to the "share" directory which is typically
       /usr/local/share/bochs on UNIX machines.  See the $(sharedir) variable in the Makefile for
       the  exact  value.  $BXSHARE is used by disk images to locate the directory where the BIOS
       images and keymaps can be found.  If $BXSHARE  is  not  defined,  Bochs  will  supply  the
       default  value.   Also,  $LTDL_LIBRARY_PATH  points to a list of directories (separated by
       colons if more than one) to search in  for  Bochs  plugins.   A  compile-time  default  is
       provided if this variable is not defined by the user.

OPTIONS

#include
This option includes another configuration file. It is possible to put installation
defaults in a global config file (e.g. location of rom images).

Example:
#include /etc/bochsrc

plugin_ctrl:
Controls the presence of optional device plugins. These plugins are loaded directly
with this option and some of them install a config option that is only available
when the plugin device is loaded. The value "1" means to load the plugin and "0"
will unload it (if loaded before).

These plugins will be loaded by default (if present): 'biosdev', 'extfpuirq',
'gameport', 'iodebug','parallel', 'serial', 'speaker' and 'unmapped'.

These plugins are also supported, but they are usually loaded directly with their
bochsrc option: 'e1000', 'es1370', 'ne2k', 'pcidev', 'pcipnic', 'sb16', 'usb_ehci',
'usb_ohci', 'usb_uhci', 'usb_xhci' and 'voodoo'.

Example:
plugin_ctrl: unmapped=0, e1000=1 # unload 'unmapped' and load 'e1000'

config_interface:
The configuration interface is a series of menus or dialog boxes that allows you to
change all the settings that control Bochs's behavior. Depending on the platform
there are up to 3 choices of configuration interface: a text mode version called
"textconfig" and two graphical versions called "win32config" and "wx". The text
mode version uses stdin/stdout or gui console (if available / runtime config) and
is always compiled in, unless Bochs is compiled for wx only. The choice
"win32config" is only available on win32/win64 and it is the default on these
platforms. The choice "wx" is only available when Bochs is compiled with wxWidgets
support. If you do not write a config_interface line, Bochs will choose a default
for you.

NOTE: if you use the "wx" configuration interface, you must also use the "wx"
display library.

Example:
config_interface: textconfig

display_library:
The display library is the code that displays the Bochs VGA screen. Bochs has a
selection of about 10 different display library implementations for different
platforms. If you run configure with multiple --with-* options, the
display_library command lets you choose which one you want to run with. If you do
not write a display_library line, Bochs will choose a default for you.

The choices are:
x X windows interface, cross platform
win32 native win32 libraries
carbon Carbon library (for MacOS X)
macintosh MacOS pre-10
amigaos native AmigaOS libraries
sdl SDL 1.2.x library, cross platform
sdl2 SDL 2.x library, cross platform
term text only, uses curses/ncurses library, cross platform
rfb provides an interface to AT&T's VNC viewer, cross platform
vncsrv use LibVNCServer for extended RFB(VNC) support
wx wxWidgets library, cross platform
nogui no display at all

NOTE: If you use the "wx" configuration interface, you must also use the "wx"
display library.

Specific options: Some display libraries now support specific options to control
their behaviour. These options are supported by more than one display library:

"cmdmode" - call a headerbar button handler after pressing F7 (x, sdl, sdl2)
"fullscreen" - startup in fullscreen mode (sdl, sdl2)
"gui_debug" - use GTK debugger gui (sdl, sdl2, x)
"hideIPS" - disable IPS output in status bar (rfb, sdl, sdl2, term, vncsrv,
wx, x)
"nokeyrepeat" - turn off host keyboard repeat (sdl, sdl2, x)
"no_gui_console" - use system console instead of builtin gui console (rfb, sdl,
sdl2, vncsrv, x)
"timeout" - time (in seconds) to wait for client (rfb, vncsrv)

NOTE: Setting up options without specifying display library is also supported.

Examples:
display_library: x
display_library: sdl2, options=fullscreen,hideIPS
display_library: options=cmdmode

cpu: This defines cpu-related parameters inside Bochs:

model:

Selects CPU configuration to emulate from pre-defined list of all supported
configurations. When this option is used and the value is different from
'bx_generic', the parameters of the CPUID option have no effect anymore. See the
bochsrc sample for supported values.

count:

Set the number of processors:cores per processor:threads per core when Bochs is
compiled for SMP emulation. Bochs currently supports up to 14 threads (legacy APIC)
or 254 threads (xAPIC or higher) running simultaniosly. If Bochs is compiled
without SMP support, it won't accept values different from 1.

quantum:

Maximum amount of instructions allowed to execute by processor before returning
control to another cpu. This option exists only in Bochs binary compiled with SMP
support.

reset_on_triple_fault:

Reset the CPU when triple fault occur (highly recommended) rather than PANIC.
Remember that if you trying to continue after triple fault the simulation will be
completely bogus !

cpuid_limit_winnt:

Determine whether to limit maximum CPUID function to 2. This mode is required to
workaround WinNT installation and boot issues.

mwait_is_nop:

When this option is enabled MWAIT will not put the CPU into a sleep state. This
option exists only if Bochs compiled with --enable-monitor-mwait.

msrs:

Define path to user CPU Model Specific Registers (MSRs) specification. See example
in msrs.def.

ignore_bad_msrs:

Ignore MSR references that Bochs does not understand; print a warning message
instead of generating #GP exception. This option is enabled by default but will not
be available if configurable MSRs are enabled.

ips:

Emulated Instructions Per Second. This is the number of IPS that Bochs is capable
of running on your machine. You can recompile Bochs with --enable-show-ips option
enabled, to find your workstation's capability. Measured IPS value will then be
logged into your log file or status bar (if supported by the gui).

IPS is used to calibrate many time-dependent events within the bochs
simulation. For example, changing IPS affects the frequency of VGA updates, the
duration of time before a key starts to autorepeat, and the measurement of
BogoMips and other benchmarks.

Example Specifications[1]

Bochs Machine/Compiler Mips
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
2.4.6 3.4Ghz Core i7 2600 w/ Win7x64/g++ 4.5.2 85-95 Mips
2.3.7 3.2Ghz Core 2 Q9770 w/ WinXP/g++ 3.4 50-55 Mips
2.3.7 2.6Ghz Core 2 Duo w/ WinXP/g++ 3.4 38-43 Mips
2.2.6 2.6Ghz Core 2 Duo w/ WinXP/g++ 3.4 21-25 Mips
2.2.6 2.1Ghz Athlon XP w/ Linux 2.6/g++ 3.4 12-15 Mips

[1] IPS measurements depend on OS and compiler configuration in addition to
processor clock speed.

Example:
cpu: count=2, ips=10000000, msrs="msrs.def"

cpuid: This defines features and functionality supported by Bochs emulated CPU:

level:

Set emulated CPU level information returned by CPUID. Default value is determined
by configure option --enable-cpu-level. Currently supported values are 5 (for
Pentium and similar processors) and 6 (for P6 and later processors).

family:

Set family information returned by CPUID. Default family value determined by
configure option --enable-cpu-level.

model:

Set model information returned by CPUID. Default model value is 3.

stepping:

Set stepping information returned by CPUID. Default stepping value is 3.

vendor_string:

Set the CPUID vendor string returned by CPUID(0x0). This should be a twelve-
character ASCII string.

brand_string:

Set the CPUID vendor string returned by CPUID(0x80000002 .. 0x80000004). This
should be at most a forty-eight-character ASCII string.

mmx:

Select MMX instruction set support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled with
BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 5.

apic:

Select APIC configuration (LEGACY/XAPIC/XAPIC_EXT/X2APIC). This option exists only
if Bochs compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 5.

sep:

Select SYSENTER/SYSEXIT instruction set support. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

simd:

Select SIMD instructions support. Any of
NONE/SSE/SSE2/SSE3/SSSE3/SSE4_1/SSE4_2/AVX/AVX2/AVX512 could be selected.

This option exists only if Bochs compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6. The AVX choises
exists only if Bochs compiled with --enable-avx option.

sse4a:

Select AMD SSE4A instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

misaligned_sse:

Select AMD Misaligned SSE mode support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

aes:

Select AES instruction set support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled with
BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

sha:

Select SHA instruction set support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled with
BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

movbe:

Select MOVBE Intel(R) Atom instruction support. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

adx:

Select ADCX/ADOX instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

xsave:

Select XSAVE extensions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled with
BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

xsaveopt:

Select XSAVEOPT instruction support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

avx_f16c:

Select AVX float16 convert instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with --enable-avx option.

avx_fma:

Select AVX fused multiply add (FMA) instructions support. This option exists only
if Bochs compiled with --enable-avx option.

bmi:

Select BMI1/BMI2 instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with --enable-avx option.

fma4:

Select AMD four operand FMA instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with --enable-avx option.

xop:

Select AMD XOP instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with --enable-avx option.

tbm:

Select AMD TBM instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with --enable-avx option.

x86_64:

Enable x85-64 and long mode support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with x86-64 support.

1g_pages:

Enable 1G page size support in long mode. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with x86-64 support.

pcid:

Enable Process-Context Identifiers (PCID) support in long mode. This option exists
only if Bochs compiled with x86-64 support.

smep:

Enable Supervisor Mode Execution Protection (SMEP) support. This option exists
only if Bochs compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

smap:

Enable Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) support. This option exists only
if Bochs compiled with BX_CPU_LEVEL >= 6.

mwait:

Select MONITOR/MWAIT instructions support. This option exists only if Bochs
compiled with --enable-monitor-mwait.

vmx:

Select VMX extensions emulation support. This option exists only if Bochs compiled
with --enable-vmx option.

svm:

Select AMD SVM (Secure Virtual Machine) extensions emulation support. This option
exists only if Bochs compiled with --enable-svm option.

Example:
cpuid: mmx=1, sep=1, sse=sse4_2, xapic=1, aes=1, movbe=1, xsave=1

memory:
Set the amount of physical memory you want to emulate.

guest:

Set amount of guest physical memory to emulate. The default is 32MB, the maximum
amount limited only by physical address space limitations.

host:

Set amount of host memory you want to allocate for guest RAM emulation. It is
possible to allocate less memory than you want to emulate in guest system. This
will fake guest to see the non-existing memory. Once guest system touches new
memory block it will be dynamically taken from the memory pool. You will be warned
(by FATAL PANIC) in case guest already used all allocated host memory and wants
more.

Example:
memory: guest=512, host=256

megs: The 'megs:' option sets the 'guest' and 'host' memory parameters to the same value.
In all other cases the 'memory' option should be used instead.

Example:
megs: 32

romimage:
The ROM BIOS controls what the PC does when it first powers on. Normally, you can
use a precompiled BIOS in the source or binary distribution called BIOS-bochs-
latest. The default ROM BIOS is usually loaded starting at address 0xfffe0000, and
it is exactly 128k long. The legacy version of the Bochs BIOS is usually loaded
starting at address 0xffff0000, and it is exactly 64k long. You can use the
environment variable $BXSHARE to specify the location of the BIOS. The usage of
external large BIOS images (up to 512k) at memory top is now supported, but we
still recommend to use the BIOS distributed with Bochs. The start address is
optional, since it can be calculated from image size. The Bochs BIOS currently
supports only the option "fastboot" to skip the boot menu delay.

Examples:
romimage: file=bios/BIOS-bochs-latest, options=fastboot
romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-legacy
romimage: file=mybios.bin, address=0xfff80000

vgaromimage:
You also need to load a VGA ROM BIOS into 0xC0000.

Examples:
vgaromimage: file=bios/VGABIOS-elpin-2.40
vgaromimage: file=bios/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest
vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest

optromimage1: , optromimage2: , optromimage3: or optromimage4:
You may now load up to 4 optional ROM images. Be sure to use a read-only area,
typically between C8000 and EFFFF. These optional ROM images should not overwrite
the rombios (located at F0000-FFFFF) and the videobios (located at C0000-C7FFF).
Those ROM images will be initialized by the bios if they contain the right
signature (0x55AA). It can also be a convenient way to upload some arbitrary
code/data in the simulation, that can be retrieved by the boot loader

Example:
optromimage1: file=optionalrom.bin, address=0xd0000

vga: This defines parameters related to the VGA display.

extension:

Here you can specify the display extension to be used. With the value 'none' you
can use standard VGA with no extension. Other supported values are 'vbe' for Bochs
VBE, 'cirrus' for Cirrus SVGA support and 'voodoo' for Voodoo Graphics support (see
'voodoo' option).

update_freq:

This parameter specifies the number of display updates per second. The VGA update
timer by default uses the realtime engine with a value of 5. This parameter can be
changed at runtime.

realtime:

If set to 1 (default), the VGA timer is based on realtime, otherwise it is driven
by the cpu and depends on the ips setting. If the host is slow (low ips,
update_freq) and the guest uses HLT appropriately, setting this to 0 and "clock:
sync=none" may improve the responsiveness of the guest GUI when the guest is
otherwise idle.

ddc:

This parameter defines the behaviour of the DDC emulation that returns the monitor
EDID data. By default the 'builtin' values for 'Bochs Screen' are used. Other
choices are 'disabled' (no DDC emulation) and 'file' (read monitor EDID from file /
path name separated with a colon).

Examples:
vga: extension=none, update_freq=10, realtime=0, ddc=disabled
vga: extension=cirrus, update_freq=30, ddc=file:monitor.bin
vga: extension=vbe

voodoo:
This defines the Voodoo Graphics emulation (experimental). Currently supported
models are 'voodoo1', 'voodoo2', 'banshee' and 'voodoo3'. The Voodoo2 support is
not yet complete, but almost usable. The Banshee / Voodoo3 support is under
construction, but basically usable. The 2D/3D cards require an external VGA BIOS
the vga extension option to be set to 'voodoo'. If the i440BX PCI chipset is
selected, they can be assigned to AGP (slot #5). The gui screen update timing for
all models is controlled by the related 'vga' options.

Example:
voodoo: enabled=1, model=voodoo1

keyboard:
This defines parameters related to the emulated keyboard:

type:

Type of keyboard return by a "identify keyboard" command to the keyboard
controller. It must be one of "xt", "at" or "mf". Defaults to "mf". It should be
ok for almost everybody. A known exception is french macs, that do have a "at"-like
keyboard.

serial_delay:

Approximate time in microseconds that it takes one character to be transferred from
the keyboard to controller over the serial path.

paste_delay:

Approximate time in microseconds between attempts to paste characters to the
keyboard controller. This leaves time for the guest os to deal with the flow of
characters. The ideal setting depends on how your operating system processes
characters. The default of 100000 usec (.1 seconds) was chosen because it works
consistently in Windows.

If your OS is losing characters during a paste, increase the paste delay until it
stops losing characters.

keymap:

This enables a remap of a physical localized keyboard to a virtualized us keyboard,
as the PC architecture expects.

user_shortcut:

This defines the keyboard shortcut to be sent when you press the "user" button in
the header bar. The shortcut string is a combination of maximum 3 key names (listed
below) separated with a '-' character.

Valid key names:

"alt", "bksl", "bksp", "ctrl", "del", "down", "end", "enter", "esc", "f1", ...
"f12", "home", "ins", "left", "menu", "minus", "pgdwn", "pgup", "plus", "power",
"print", "right", "scrlck", "shift", "space", "tab", "up" and "win".

Examples:
keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=200, paste_delay=100000
keyboard: keymap=gui/keymaps/x11-pc-de.map
keyboard: user_shortcut=ctrl-alt-del

mouse: This defines parameters for the emulated mouse type, the initial status of the
mouse capture and the runtime method to toggle it.

type

With the mouse type option you can select the type of mouse to emulate. The
default value is 'ps2'. The other choices are 'imps2' (wheel mouse on PS/2),
'serial', 'serial_wheel', 'serial_msys' (one com port requires setting
'mode=mouse') 'inport' and 'bus' (if present). To connect a mouse to a USB port,
see the 'usb_uhci', 'usb_ohci', 'usb_ehci' or 'usb_xhci' option (requires PCI and
USB support).

enabled

The Bochs gui creates mouse "events" unless the 'enabled' option is set to 0. The
hardware emulation itself is not disabled by this. Unless you have a particular
reason for enabling the mouse by default, it is recommended that you leave it off.
You can also toggle the mouse usage at runtime (RFB, SDL, Win32, wxWidgets and X11
- see below).

toggle

The default method to toggle the mouse capture at runtime is to press the CTRL key
and the middle mouse button ('ctrl+mbutton'). This option allows to change the
method to 'ctrl+f10' (like DOSBox), 'ctrl+alt' (like QEMU) or 'f12'.

Examples:
mouse: enabled=1
mouse: type=imps2, enabled=1
mouse: type=serial, enabled=1
mouse: enabled=0, toggle=ctrl+f10

pci: This defines the parameters to set up the Bochs PCI emulation:

enabled

If Bochs is compiled with PCI support, it is enabled by default.

chipset

Currently the chipsets i430FX, i440FX and i440BX (limited) are supported and the
default is i440FX.

slotX

It is possible to specify the devices connected to PCI slots. Up to 5 slots are
available. For combined PCI/ISA devices assigning to slot is mandatory if the PCI
model should be emulated (cirrus, ne2k and pcivga). Setting up slot for PCI-only
devices is also supported, but they are auto-assigned if not specified (e1000,
es1370, pcidev, pcipnic, usb_ehci, usb_ohci, usb_xhci, voodoo). All device models
except the network devices ne2k and e1000 can be used only once in the slot
configuration. In case of the i440BX chipset, the slot #5 is the AGP slot.
Currently only the 'voodoo' device can be assigned to AGP.

advopts

With the advanced PCI options it is possible to control the behaviour of the PCI
chipset. These options can be specified as comma-separated values. By default the
"Bochs i440FX" chipset enables the ACPI and HPET devices, but original i440FX
doesn't support them. The options 'noacpi' and 'nohpet' make it possible to disable
them. The option 'noagp' disables the incomplete AGP subsystem of the i440BX
chipset.

Example:
pci: enabled=1, chipset=i440fx, slot1=pcivga, slot2=ne2k, advopts=noacpi

clock: This defines the parameters of the clock inside Bochs.

sync

This defines the method how to synchronize the Bochs internal time with realtime.
With the value 'none' the Bochs time relies on the IPS value and no host time
synchronization is used. The 'slowdown' method sacrifices performance to preserve
reproducibility while allowing host time correlation. The 'realtime' method
sacrifices reproducibility to preserve performance and host-time correlation. It
is possible to enable both synchronization methods.

rtc_sync

If this option is enabled together with the realtime synchronization, the RTC runs
at realtime speed. This feature is disabled by default.

time0

Specifies the start (boot) time of the virtual machine. Use a time value as
returned by the time(2) system call or a string as returned by the ctime(3) system
call. If no time0 value is set or if time0 equal to 1 (special case) or if time0
equal 'local', the simulation will be started at the current local host time. If
time0 equal to 2 (special case) or if time0 equal 'utc', the simulation will be
started at the current utc time.

Default value are sync=none, rtc_sync=0, time0=local

Example:
clock: sync=realtime, time0=938581955 # Wed Sep 29 07:12:35 1999
clock: sync=realtime, time0="Sat Jan 1 00:00:00 2000" # 946681200

cmosimage:
This defines a binary image file with size 128 bytes that can be loaded into the
CMOS RAM at startup. The rtc_init parameter controls whether initialize the RTC
with values stored in the image. By default the time0 argument given to the clock
option is used. With 'rtc_init=image' the image is the source for the initial time.

Example:
cmosimage: file=cmos.img, rtc_init=time0

private_colormap:
Requests that the GUI create and use it's own non-shared colormap. This colormap
will be used when in the bochs window. If not enabled, a shared colormap scheme
may be used. Once again, enabled=1 turns on this feature and 0 turns it off.

Example:
private_colormap: enabled=1

floppya: or floppyb:

Point this to the pathname of a floppy image file or device. Floppya is the
first drive, and floppyb is the second drive. If you're booting from a floppy,
floppya should point to a bootable disk.

You can set the initial status of the media to 'ejected' or 'inserted'. Usually you
will want to use 'inserted'.

The parameter 'type' can be used to enable the floppy drive without media and
status specified. Usually the drive type is set up based on the media type.

The optional parameter 'write_protected' can be used to control the media write
protect switch. By default it is turned off.

Example:

2.88M 3.5" media:
floppya: 2_88=path, status=ejected

1.44M 3.5" media (write protected):
floppya: 1_44=path, status=inserted, write_protected=1

1.2M 5.25" media:
floppyb: 1_2=path, status=ejected

720K 3.5" media:
floppya: 720k=path, status=inserted

360K 5.25" media:
floppya: 360k=path, status=inserted

Autodetect floppy media type:
floppya: image=path, status=inserted

Use directory as 1.44M VFAT media:
floppya: 1_44=vvfat:path, status=inserted

1.44M 3.5" floppy drive, no media:
floppya: type=1_44

ata0: , ata1: , ata2: or ata3:

These options enables up to 4 ata channels. For each channel the two base io
addresses and the irq must be specified. ata0 and ata1 are enabled by default,
with the values shown below.

Examples:
ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14
ata1: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x170, ioaddr2=0x370, irq=15
ata2: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1e8, ioaddr2=0x3e0, irq=11
ata3: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x168, ioaddr2=0x360, irq=9

ata[0-3]-master: or ata[0-3]-slave:

Point this at a hard disk image file, cdrom iso file, or a physical cdrom device.
To create a hard disk image, try running bximage. It will help you choose the size
and then suggest a line that works with it.

In UNIX it is possible to use a raw device as a Bochs hard disk, but WE DON'T
RECOMMEND IT.

The path is mandatory for hard disks. Disk geometry autodetection works with images
created by bximage if CHS is set to 0/0/0 (cylinders are calculated using heads=16
and spt=63). For other hard disk images and modes the cylinders, heads, and spt are
mandatory. In all cases the disk size reported from the image must be exactly
C*H*S*512.

The mode option defines how the disk image is handled. Disks can be defined as:
- flat : one file flat layout
- concat : multiple files layout
- sparse : stackable, commitable, rollbackable
- vmware3 : vmware3 disk support
- vmware4 : vmware4 disk support (aka VMDK)
- undoable : flat file with commitable redolog
- growing : growing file
- volatile : flat file with volatile redolog
- vpc : fixed / dynamic size VirtualPC image
- vbox : fixed / dynamic size Oracle(tm) VM VirtualBox image (VDI version 1.1)
- vvfat: local directory appears as read-only VFAT disk (with volatile redolog)

The disk translation scheme (implemented in legacy int13 bios functions, and used
by older operating systems like MS-DOS), can be defined as:
- none : no translation, for disks up to 528MB (1032192 sectors)
- large : a standard bitshift algorithm, for disks up to 4.2GB (8257536 sectors)
- rechs : a revised bitshift algorithm, using a 15 heads fake physical geometry,
for disks up to 7.9GB (15482880 sectors). (don't use this unless you understand
what you're doing)
- lba : a standard lba-assisted algorithm, for disks up to 8.4GB (16450560
sectors)
- auto : autoselection of best translation scheme. (it should be changed if
system does not boot)

Default values are:
mode=flat, biosdetect=auto, translation=auto, model="Generic 1234"

The biosdetect option has currently no effect on the bios

Examples:
ata0-master: type=disk, path=10M.sample, cylinders=306, heads=4, spt=17
ata0-slave: type=disk, path=20M.sample, cylinders=615, heads=4, spt=17
ata1-master: type=disk, path=30M.sample, cylinders=615, heads=6, spt=17
ata1-slave: type=disk, path=46M.sample, cylinders=940, heads=6, spt=17
ata2-master: type=disk, path=62M.sample, cylinders=940, heads=8, spt=17
ata2-slave: type=disk, path=112M.sample, cylinders=900, heads=15, spt=17
ata3-master: type=disk, path=483M.sample, cylinders=1024, heads=15, spt=63
ata3-slave: type=cdrom, path=iso.sample, status=inserted

boot: This defines the boot sequence. Now you can specify up to 3 boot drives, which can
be 'floppy', 'disk', 'cdrom' or 'network' (boot ROM). Legacy 'a' and 'c' are also
supported.

Example:
boot: cdrom, floppy, disk

floppy_bootsig_check:
This disables the 0xaa55 signature check on boot floppies The check is enabled by
default.

Example:
floppy_bootsig_check: disabled=1

log: Give the path of the log file you'd like Bochs debug and misc. verbiage to be
written to. If you really don't want it, make it /dev/null.

Example:
log: bochs.out
log: /dev/tty (unix only)
log: /dev/null (unix only)

logprefix:
This handles the format of the string prepended to each log line : You may use
those special tokens :
%t : 11 decimal digits timer tick
%i : 8 hexadecimal digits of cpu0 current eip
%e : 1 character event type ('i'nfo, 'd'ebug, 'p'anic, 'e'rror)
%d : 5 characters string of the device, between brackets

Default : %t%e%d

Examples:
logprefix: %t-%e-@%i-%d
logprefix: %i%e%d

panic: If Bochs reaches a condition where it cannot emulate correctly, it does a
panic. This can be a configuration problem (like a misspelled bochsrc line) or an
emulation problem (like an unsupported video mode). The "panic" setting in
bochsrc tells Bochs how to respond to a panic. You can set this to fatal
(terminate the session), ask (ask user how to proceed) or report (print
information to the log file).

The safest setting is action=fatal or action=ask. If you are getting panics, you
can try action=report instead. If you allow Bochs to continue after a panic,
don't be surprised if you get strange behavior or crashes if a panic occurs.
Please report panic messages unless it is just a configuration problem like "could
not find hard drive image."

Examples:
panic: action=fatal
panic: action=ask

error: Bochs produces an error message when it finds a condition that really
shouldn't happen, but doesn't endanger the simulation. An example of an error
might be if the emulated software produces an illegal disk command.

The "error" setting tells Bochs how to respond to an error condition. You can
set this to fatal (terminate the session), ask (ask user how to proceed), warn
(show dialog with message and continue), report (print information to the
log file), or ignore (do nothing).

Example:
error: action=report
error: action=warn

info: This setting tells Bochs what to do when an event occurs that generates
informational messages. You can set this to report (print information to the log
file), or ignore (do nothing). For general usage, the "report" option is probably
a good choice.

Example:
info: action=report

debug: This setting tells Bochs what to do with messages intended to assist in
debugging. You can set this to report (print information to the log file), or
ignore (do nothing). You should generally set this to ignore, unless you are
trying to diagnose a particular problem.

NOTE: When action=report, Bochs may spit out thousands of debug messages per
second, which can impact performance and fill up your disk.

Example:
debug: action=ignore

debugger_log:
Give the path of the log file you'd like Bochs to log debugger output. If you
really don't want it, make it '/dev/null', or '-'.

Example:
log: debugger.out
log: /dev/null (unix only)
log: -

com1: , com2: , com3: or com4:
This defines a serial port (UART type 16550A). In the 'term' mode you can specify a
device to use as com1. This can be a real serial line, or a pty. To use a pty
(under X/Unix), create two windows (xterms, usually). One of them will run bochs,
and the other will act as com1. Find out the tty the com1 window using the `tty'
command, and use that as the `dev' parameter. Then do `sleep 1000000' in the com1
window to keep the shell from messing with things, and run bochs in the other
window. Serial I/O to com1 (port 0x3f8) will all go to the other window.

In socket* and pipe* (win32 only) modes Bochs becomes either socket/named pipe
client or server. In client mode it connects to an already running server (if
connection fails Bochs treats com port as not connected). In server mode it opens
socket/named pipe and waits until a client application connects to it before
starting simulation. This mode is useful for remote debugging (e.g. with gdb's
"target remote host:port" command or windbg's command line option -k
com:pipe,port=\.ipeipename).
Socket modes use simple TCP communication, pipe modes use duplex byte mode pipes.

Other serial modes are 'null' (no input/output), 'file' (output to a file specified
as the 'dev' parameter and changeable at runtime), 'raw' (use the real serial port
- partly implemented on win32) and 'mouse' (standard serial mouse - requires mouse
option setting 'type=serial', 'type=serial_wheel' or 'type=serial_msys')

Examples:
com1: enabled=1, mode=term, dev=/dev/ttyp7
com2: enabled=1, mode=file, dev=serial.out
com1: enabled=1, mode=mouse

parport1: or parport2:
This defines a parallel (printer) port. When turned on and an output file is
defined the emulated printer port sends characters printed by the guest OS into the
output file. On some platforms a device filename can be used to send the data to
the real parallel port (e.g. "/dev/lp0" on Linux). The output file can be changed
at runtime.

Examples:
parport1: enabled=1, file=parport.out
parport2: enabled=1, file="/dev/lp0"
parport1: enabled=0

sound: This defines the lowlevel sound driver(s) for the wave (PCM) input / output and the
MIDI output feature and (if necessary) the devices to be used. It can have several
of the following properties. All properties are in the format sound:
property=value

waveoutdrv:
This defines the driver to be used for the waveout feature.
Possible values are 'file' (all wave data sent to file), 'dummy' (no
output) and the platform-dependant drivers 'alsa', 'oss', 'osx', 'sdl'
and 'win'.

waveout:
This defines the device to be used for wave output (if necessary) or
the output file for the 'file' driver.

waveindrv:
This defines the driver to be used for the wavein feature.
Possible values are 'dummy' (recording silence) and platform-dependent
drivers 'alsa', 'oss', 'sdl' and 'win'.

wavein:
This defines the device to be used for wave input (if necessary).

midioutdrv:
This defines the driver to be used for the MIDI output feature.
Possible values are 'file' (all MIDI data sent to file), 'dummy' (no
output) and platform-dependent drivers 'alsa', 'oss', 'osx' and 'win'.

midiout:
This defines the device to be used for MIDI output (if necessary).

driver:
This defines the driver to be used for all sound features with one
property. Possible values are 'default' (platform default) and all
other choices described above. Overriding one or more settings with
the specific driver parameter is possible.

Example for one driver (uses platform-default):
sound: driver=default, waveout=/dev/dsp Example for different drivers:
sound: waveoutdrv=sdl, waveindrv=alsa, midioutdrv=dummy

speaker:
This defines the PC speaker output mode. In the 'sound' mode the beep is generated
by the square wave generator which is a part of the lowlevel sound support. In this
mode the 'volume' parameter can be used to set the output volume (0 - 15). The
'system' mode is only available on Linux and Windows. On Linux /dev/console is used
for output and on Windows the Beep() function. The 'gui' mode forwards the beep to
the related gui methods (currently only used by the Carbon gui).

Example:
speaker: enabled=1, mode=sound, volume=15

sb16: This defines the SB16 sound emulation. It can have several of the following
properties. All properties are in this format:
sb16: property=value

PROPERTIES FOR sb16:

enabled:

This optional property controls the presence of the SB16 emulation.
The emulation is turned on unless this property is used and set to 0.

midimode:

This parameter specifies what to do with the MIDI output.

0 = no output
1 = output to device specified with the sound option (system dependent)
2 = MIDI or raw data output to file (depends on file name extension)
3 = dual output (mode 1 and 2 at the same time)

midifile:

This is the file where the midi output is stored (midimode 2 or 3).

wavemode:

This parameter specifies what to do with the PCM output.

0 = no output
1 = output to device specified with the sound option (system dependent)
2 = VOC, WAV or raw data output to file (depends on file name extension)
3 = dual output (mode 1 and 2 at the same time)

wavefile:

This is the file where the wave output is stored (wavemode 2 or 3).

log:

The file to write the sb16 emulator messages to.

loglevel:

0 = No log.
1 = Resource changes, midi program and bank changes.
2 = Severe errors.
3 = All errors.
4 = All errors plus all port accesses.
5 = All errors and port accesses plus a lot
of extra information.

It is possible to change the loglevel at runtime.

dmatimer:

Microseconds per second for a DMA cycle. Make it smaller to fix non-continuous
sound. 750000 is usually a good value. This needs a reasonably correct
setting for the IPS parameter of the CPU option. It is possible to adjust the
dmatimer at runtime.

Examples for output modes:
sb16: midimode=2, midifile="output.mid", wavemode=1 # MIDI to file
sb16: midimode=1, wavemode=3, wavefile="output.wav" # wave to file and device

es1370:
This defines the ES1370 sound emulation (recording and playback - except DAC1+DAC2
output at the same time). The parameter 'enabled' controls the presence of the
device. The wave and MIDI output can be sent to device, file or both using the
parameters 'wavemode', 'wavefile', 'midimode' and 'midifile'. See the description
of these parameters at the SB16 directive.

Example for using 'sound' parameters:
es1370: enabled=1, wavemode=1 Example for sending output to file:
es1370: enabled=1, wavemode=2, wavefile=output.voc

ne2k: Defines the characteristics of an attached ne2000 isa card :
card=CARD,
type=TYPE,
ioaddr=IOADDR,
irq=IRQ,
mac=MACADDR,
ethmod=MODULE,
ethdev=DEVICE,
script=SCRIPT,
bootrom=BOOTROM

PROPERTIES FOR ne2k:

CARD: This is the zero-based card number to configure with this ne2k config line.
Up to 4 devices are supported now (0...3). If not specified, the following
parameters apply to card #0.

TYPE: This is the card type to emulate ('isa' or 'pci'). If not specified, card #0
defaults to 'pci' if assigned to a pci slot. For the additional cards the type
parameter should be set up.

IOADDR, IRQ: You probably won't need to change ioaddr and irq, unless there are IRQ
conflicts. These parameters are ignored if the NE2000 is assigned to a PCI slot.

MAC: The MAC address MUST NOT match the address of any machine on the net. Also,
the first byte must be an even number (bit 0 set means a multicast address), and
you cannot use ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff because that's the broadcast address. For the
ethertap module, you must use fe:fd:00:00:00:01. There may be other restrictions
too. To be safe, just use the b0:c4... address.

ETHMOD: The ethmod value defines which low level OS specific module to be used to
access physical ethernet interface. Current implemented values include
- fbsd : ethernet on freebsd and openbsd
- linux : ethernet on linux
- win32 : ethernet on win32
- tap : ethernet through a linux tap interface
- tuntap : ethernet through a linux tuntap interface
- slirp : built-in Slirp support with DHCP / TFTP servers

If you don't want to make connections to any physical networks, you can use the
following 'ethmod's to simulate a virtual network.
- null : All packets are discarded, but logged to a few files
- vde : Virtual Distributed Ethernet
- vnet : ARP, ICMP-echo(ping), DHCP, DNS, FTP and TFTP are simulated
The virtual host uses 192.168.10.1
DHCP assigns 192.168.10.15 to the guest
The FTP and TFTP servers use 'ethdev' for the root directory
TFTP doesn't overwrite files, DNS for server and client only
- socket : Connect up to 6 Bochs instances with external program 'bxhub'
(simulating an ethernet hub). It provides the same services as the
'vnet' module and assigns IP addresses like 'slirp' (10.0.2.x).

ETHDEV: The ethdev value is the name of the network interface on your host
platform. On UNIX machines, you can get the name by running ifconfig. On Windows
machines, you must run niclist to get the name of the ethdev. Niclist source code
is in misc/niclist.c and it is included in Windows binary releases. The 'socket'
module uses this parameter to specify the UDP port for receiving packets and
(optional) the host to connect.

SCRIPT: The script value is optional, and is the name of a script that is executed
after bochs initialize the network interface. You can use this script to configure
this network interface, or enable masquerading. This is mainly useful for the
tun/tap devices that only exist during Bochs execution. The network interface name
is supplied to the script as first parameter. The 'slirp' module uses this
parameter to specify a config file for setting up an alternative IP configuration
or additional features. The 'vnet' module also uses this parameter to specify a
config file similar to slirp, but with only a few settings.

BOOTROM: The bootrom value is optional, and is the name of the ROM image to load.
Note that this feature is only implemented for the PCI version of the NE2000.

Examples:
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:00, ethmod=fbsd, ethdev=xlo
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:00, ethmod=linux, ethdev=eth0
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=win32, ethdev=MYCARD
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=fe:fd:00:00:00:01, ethmod=tap, ethdev=tap0
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=fe:fd:00:00:00:01, ethmod=tuntap,
ethdev=/dev/net/tun0, script=./tunconfig
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=vde,
ethdev="/tmp/vde.ctl"
ne2k: ioaddr=0x300, irq=9, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=vnet, ethdev="c:/temp"
ne2k: mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=socket, ethdev=40000 # use localhost
ne2k: card=0, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=socket, ethdev=mymachine:40000
ne2k: mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:01, ethmod=slirp, script=slirp.conf,
bootrom=ne2k_pci.rom

pcipnic:
To support the Bochs/Etherboot pseudo-NIC, Bochs must be compiled with the
--enable-pnic configure option. It accepts the same syntax (for mac, ethmod,
ethdev, script, bootrom) and supports the same networking modules as the NE2000
adapter.

Example:
pnic: enabled=1, mac=b0:c4:20:00:00:00, ethmod=vnet

e1000: To support the Intel(R) 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet adapter, Bochs must be compiled
with the --eanble-e1000 configure option. The E1000 accepts the same syntax (for
card, mac, ethmod, ethdev, script, bootrom) and supports the same networking
modules as the NE2000 adapter.

Example:
e1000: card=0, enabled=1, mac=52:54:00:12:34:56, ethmod=slirp, script=slirp.conf

usb_uhci:
This option controls the presence of the USB root hub which is a part of the i440FX
PCI chipset. With the portX parameter you can connect devices to the hub (currently
supported: 'mouse', 'tablet', 'keypad', 'keyboard', 'disk', 'cdrom', 'floppy',
'hub' and 'printer').

If you connect the mouse or tablet to one of the ports, Bochs forwards the mouse
movement data to the USB device instead of the selected mouse type. When
connecting the keypad to one of the ports, Bochs forwards the input of the numeric
keypad to the USB device instead of the PS/2 keyboard. If the keyboard is selected,
all key events are sent to the USB device.

To connect a disk image as a USB hardisk you can use the 'disk' device. Use the
'path' option in the optionsX parameter to specify the path to the image separated
with a colon. To use other disk image modes similar to ATA disks the syntax
'path:mode:filename' must be used (see below).

To emulate a USB cdrom you can use the 'cdrom' device and the path to an ISO image
or raw device name can be set with the 'path' option in the optionsX parameter also
separated with a colon. An option to insert/eject media is available in the runtime
configuration.

To emulate a USB floppy you can use the 'floppy' device and the path to a floppy
image can be set with the 'path' option in the optionsX parameter separated with a
colon. To use the VVFAT image mode similar to the legacy floppy the syntax
'path:vvfat:directory' must be used (see below). An option to insert/eject media
is available in the runtime configuration.

The device name 'hub' connects an external hub with max. 8 ports (default: 4) to
the root hub. To specify the number of ports you have to use the 'ports' option in
the optionsX parameter with the value separated with a colon. Connecting devices
to the external hub ports is only available in the runtime configuration.

The device 'printer' emulates the HP Deskjet 920C printer. The PCL data is sent to
a file specified in the 'file' option with the optionsX parameter. The current
code appends the PCL code to the file if the file already existed. The output file
can be changed at runtime.

The optionsX parameter can be used to assign specific options to the device
connected to the corresponding USB port. The option 'speed' can be used to set the
speed reported by device ('low', 'full', 'high' or 'super'). The available speed
choices depend on both HC and device. The option 'debug' turns on debug output for
the device at connection time. The option 'pcap' turns on packet logging in PCAP
format. For the USB 'disk' device the optionsX parameter can be used to specify an
alternative redolog file (journal) of some image modes. For 'vvfat' mode USB disks
the optionsX parameter can be used to specify the disk size (range 128M ... 128G).
If the size is not specified, it defaults to 504M. For the USB 'floppy' device the
optionsX parameter can be used to specify an alternative device ID to be reported.
Currently only the model "teac" is supported (can fix hw detection in some guest
OS). The USB floppy also accepts the parameter "write_protected" with valid values
0 and 1 to select the access mode (default is 0).

Examples:
usb_uhci: port1=mouse, port2=disk, options2="path:usbstick.img"
usb_uhci: port1=hub, options1="ports:6"
usb_uhci: port2=disk, options2="path:undoable:usbdisk.img, journal:u.redolog"
usb_uhci: port2=disk, options2=""path:usbdisk2.img, sect_size:1024"
usb_uhci: port2=disk, options2="path:vvfat:vvfat, debug, speed:full"
usb_uhci: port2=cdrom, options2="path:image.iso"
usb_uhci: port1=printer, options1="file:printdata.bin"
usb_uhci: port2=floppy, options2="path:vvfat:diskette, model:teac"

usb_ohci:
This option controls the presence of the USB OHCI host controller with a 2-port
hub. The portX parameter accepts the same device types with the same syntax as the
UHCI controller (see above). The optionsX parameter is also available on OHCI.

Example:
usb_ohci: enabled=1

usb_ehci:
This option controls the presence of the USB EHCI host controller with a 6-port
hub. The portX parameter accepts the same device types with the same syntax as the
UHCI controller (see above). The optionsX parameter is also available on EHCI.

Example:
usb_ehci: enabled=1, port1=tablet, options1="speed:high"

usb_xhci:
This option controls the presence of the USB xHCI host controller with a 4-port
hub. The portX parameter accepts the same device types with the same syntax as the
UHCI controller (see above). The optionsX parameter is also available on xHCI.
NOTE: port 1 and 2 are USB3 and only support super-speed devices, but port 3 and 4
are USB2 and support speed settings low, full and high.

Example:
usb_xhci: enabled=1

pcidev:
Enables the mapping of a host PCI hardware device within the PCI subsystem of the
Bochs x86 emulator. This feature requires Linux as a host OS.

Example:
pcidev: vendor=0x1234, device=0x5678

The vendor and device arguments should contain the vendor ID respectively the
device ID of the PCI device you want to map within Bochs. The PCI mapping is still
very experimental and not maintained yet.

LICENSE

       This program  is distributed  under the terms of the  GNU Lesser General Public License as
       published  by  the  Free Software  Foundation.  See the LICENSE and COPYING files  located
       in /usr/share/doc/bochs/ for details on the license and the lack of warranty.

AVAILABILITY

       The latest version of this program can be found at:
         http://bochs.sourceforge.net/getcurrent.html

AUTHORS

       The    Bochs   emulator  was   created   by  Kevin   Lawton (kevin@mandrakesoft.com),  and
       is  currently  maintained by the  members of  the  Bochs x86 Emulator  Project.   You  can
       see a current roster of members at:
         http://bochs.sourceforge.net/getinvolved.html

BUGS

       Please    report   all   bugs  to  the  bug  tracker   on   our   web  site.  Just  go  to
       http://bochs.sourceforge.net, and click "Bug Reports" on the sidebar under "Feedback".

       Provide a detailed description of the bug, the version of the program you are running, the
       operating  system  you  are  running the program on  and  the  operating   system  you are
       running in the emulator.