Provided by: postfix_3.6.4-1ubuntu1.3_amd64 bug

NAME

       access - Postfix SMTP server access table

SYNOPSIS

       postmap /etc/postfix/access

       postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/access

       postmap -q - /etc/postfix/access <inputfile

DESCRIPTION

       This  document  describes  access  control  on remote SMTP client information: host names,
       network addresses, and envelope sender or recipient addresses; it is  implemented  by  the
       Postfix  SMTP  server.   See  header_checks(5) or body_checks(5) for access control on the
       content of email messages.

       Normally, the access(5) table is specified as a text file that  serves  as  input  to  the
       postmap(1)  command.   The  result,  an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for fast
       searching by the mail system. Execute the command "postmap /etc/postfix/access" to rebuild
       an indexed file after changing the corresponding text file.

       When  the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are
       done as for ordinary indexed files.

       Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map  where  patterns  are
       given  as  regular  expressions,  or lookups can be directed to TCP-based server. In those
       cases, the lookups are done in a slightly different way as described below under  "REGULAR
       EXPRESSION TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".

CASE FOLDING

       The  search  string  is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the
       search string is not case folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose lookup
       fields can match both upper and lower case.

TABLE FORMAT

       The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows:

       pattern action
              When  pattern  matches  a  mail  address,  domain  or  host  address,  perform  the
              corresponding action.

       blank lines and comments
              Empty lines and whitespace-only  lines  are  ignored,  as  are  lines  whose  first
              non-whitespace character is a `#'.

       multi-line text
              A  logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with whitespace
              continues a logical line.

EMAIL ADDRESS PATTERNS

       With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked tables such  as  NIS,
       LDAP or SQL, patterns are tried in the order as listed below:

       user@domain
              Matches the specified mail address.

       domain.tld
              Matches domain.tld as the domain part of an email address.

              The   pattern  domain.tld  also  matches  subdomains,  but  only  when  the  string
              smtpd_access_maps  is  listed  in  the   Postfix   parent_domain_matches_subdomains
              configuration setting.

       .domain.tld
              Matches subdomains of domain.tld, but only when the string smtpd_access_maps is not
              listed in the Postfix parent_domain_matches_subdomains configuration setting.

       user@  Matches all mail addresses with the specified user part.

       Note: lookup of the null sender address is not possible with some types of  lookup  table.
       By  default,  Postfix uses <> as the lookup key for such addresses. The value is specified
       with the smtpd_null_access_lookup_key parameter in the Postfix main.cf file.

EMAIL ADDRESS EXTENSION

       When  a  mail  address  localpart  contains  the  optional  recipient   delimiter   (e.g.,
       user+foo@domain),   the   lookup  order  becomes:  user+foo@domain,  user@domain,  domain,
       user+foo@, and user@.

HOST NAME/ADDRESS PATTERNS

       With lookups from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked tables such  as  NIS,
       LDAP or SQL, the following lookup patterns are examined in the order as listed:

       domain.tld
              Matches domain.tld.

              The   pattern  domain.tld  also  matches  subdomains,  but  only  when  the  string
              smtpd_access_maps  is  listed  in  the   Postfix   parent_domain_matches_subdomains
              configuration setting.

       .domain.tld
              Matches subdomains of domain.tld, but only when the string smtpd_access_maps is not
              listed in the Postfix parent_domain_matches_subdomains configuration setting.

       net.work.addr.ess

       net.work.addr

       net.work

       net    Matches a remote IPv4 host address or network address range.  Specify one  to  four
              decimal  octets  separated  by  ".".  Do  not specify "[]" , "/", leading zeros, or
              hexadecimal forms.

              Network ranges are matched by repeatedly truncating the last ".octet" from a remote
              IPv4  host  address  string,  until  a match is found in the access table, or until
              further truncation is not possible.

              NOTE: use the cidr lookup table  type  to  specify  network/netmask  patterns.  See
              cidr_table(5) for details.

       net:work:addr:ess

       net:work:addr

       net:work

       net    Matches  a  remote  IPv6  host  address or network address range.  Specify three to
              eight hexadecimal octet pairs separated by ":", using the compressed form "::"  for
              a  sequence of zero-valued octet pairs. Do not specify "[]", "/", leading zeros, or
              non-compressed forms.

              A network range is matched by repeatedly truncating the last ":octetpair" from  the
              compressed-form  remote  IPv6  host  address  string, until a match is found in the
              access table, or until further truncation is not possible.

              NOTE: use the cidr lookup table  type  to  specify  network/netmask  patterns.  See
              cidr_table(5) for details.

              IPv6 support is available in Postfix 2.2 and later.

ACCEPT ACTIONS

       OK     Accept the address etc. that matches the pattern.

       all-numerical
              An all-numerical result is treated as OK. This format is generated by address-based
              relay authorization schemes such as pop-before-smtp.

       For other accept actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below.

REJECT ACTIONS

       Postfix version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes as defined in RFC 3463.   When
       no  code  is  specified  at  the  beginning  of  the text below, Postfix inserts a default
       enhanced status code of "5.7.1" in the case of reject actions, and "4.7.1" in the case  of
       defer actions. See "ENHANCED STATUS CODES" below.

       4NN text

       5NN text
              Reject  the  address  etc. that matches the pattern, and respond with the numerical
              three-digit code and text. 4NN means "try again later", while 5NN means "do not try
              again".

              The following responses have special meaning for the Postfix SMTP server:

              421 text (Postfix 2.3 and later)

              521 text (Postfix 2.6 and later)
                     After  responding  with  the numerical three-digit code and text, disconnect
                     immediately from the SMTP client.  This frees up SMTP  server  resources  so
                     that they can be made available to another SMTP client.

                     Note:  The "521" response should be used only with botnets and other malware
                     where interoperability is of no concern.   The  "send  521  and  disconnect"
                     behavior is NOT defined in the SMTP standard.

       REJECT optional text...
              Reject    the    address    etc.    that    matches   the   pattern.   Reply   with
              "$access_map_reject_code optional text..." when the  optional  text  is  specified,
              otherwise reply with a generic error response message.

       DEFER optional text...
              Reject    the    address    etc.    that    matches   the   pattern.   Reply   with
              "$access_map_defer_code optional text..." when  the  optional  text  is  specified,
              otherwise reply with a generic error response message.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.6 and later.

       DEFER_IF_REJECT optional text...
              Defer  the request if some later restriction would result in a REJECT action. Reply
              with "$access_map_defer_code 4.7.1 optional text..."  when  the  optional  text  is
              specified, otherwise reply with a generic error response message.

              Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.

       DEFER_IF_PERMIT optional text...
              Defer  the  request  if  some  later  restriction  would result in a an explicit or
              implicit  PERMIT  action.   Reply  with  "$access_map_defer_code  4.7.1    optional
              text..."  when the optional text is specified, otherwise reply with a generic error
              response message.

              Prior to Postfix 2.6, the SMTP reply code is 450.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.

       For other reject actions, see "OTHER ACTIONS" below.

OTHER ACTIONS

       restriction...
              Apply the named UCE restriction(s) (permit, reject, reject_unauth_destination,  and
              so on).

       BCC user@domain
              Send one copy of the message to the specified recipient.

              If  multiple  BCC actions are specified within the same SMTP MAIL transaction, with
              Postfix 3.0 only the last action will be used.

              This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later.

       DISCARD optional text...
              Claim successful delivery and silently discard the message.  Log the optional  text
              if specified, otherwise log a generic message.

              Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the message.  To discard only
              one recipient without discarding the entire message, use the transport(5) table  to
              direct mail to the discard(8) service.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       DUNNO  Pretend  that  the  lookup  key  was  not  found. This prevents Postfix from trying
              substrings of the lookup key (such as  a  subdomain  name,  or  a  network  address
              subnetwork).

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       FILTER transport:destination
              After the message is queued, send the entire message through the specified external
              content filter. The transport name specifies the first field  of  a  mail  delivery
              agent  definition in master.cf; the syntax of the next-hop destination is described
              in the manual page of the corresponding delivery  agent.   More  information  about
              external content filters is in the Postfix FILTER_README file.

              Note  1:  do  not  use  $number  regular  expression substitutions for transport or
              destination unless you know that the information has a trusted origin.

              Note 2: this action overrides the main.cf content_filter setting, and  affects  all
              recipients  of the message. In the case that multiple FILTER actions fire, only the
              last one is executed.

              Note 3: the purpose of the FILTER command  is  to  override  message  routing.   To
              override  the  recipient's  transport  but not the next-hop destination, specify an
              empty   filter   destination   (Postfix   2.7   and   later),    or    specify    a
              transport:destination  that  delivers through a different Postfix instance (Postfix
              2.6 and earlier). Other options are using the recipient-dependent transport_maps or
              the sender-dependent sender_dependent_default_transport_maps features.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       HOLD optional text...
              Place the message on the hold queue, where it will sit until someone either deletes
              it or releases it for delivery.  Log the optional text if specified, otherwise  log
              a generic message.

              Mail that is placed on hold can be examined with the postcat(1) command, and can be
              destroyed or released with the postsuper(1) command.

              Note: use "postsuper -r" to release mail that was kept on hold  for  a  significant
              fraction  of  $maximal_queue_lifetime  or  $bounce_queue_lifetime,  or  longer. Use
              "postsuper -H" only for mail that will not expire within a few delivery attempts.

              Note: this action currently affects all recipients of the message.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       PREPEND headername: headervalue
              Prepend the specified message header to the message.  When more  than  one  PREPEND
              action  executes,  the  first  prepended  header  appears  before  the  second etc.
              prepended header.

              Note: this action must execute before the message content is  received;  it  cannot
              execute in the context of smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.

       REDIRECT user@domain
              After  the  message is queued, send the message to the specified address instead of
              the intended recipient(s).  When multiple REDIRECT actions fire, only the last  one
              takes effect.

              Note:  this  action  overrides  the  FILTER  action,  and  currently  overrides all
              recipients of the message.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.

       INFO optional text...
              Log  an  informational  record  with  the  optional  text,  together  with   client
              information   and   if   available,  with  helo,  sender,  recipient  and  protocol
              information.

              This feature is available in Postfix 3.0 and later.

       WARN optional text...
              Log a warning with the optional text,  together  with  client  information  and  if
              available, with helo, sender, recipient and protocol information.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later.

ENHANCED STATUS CODES

       Postfix  version 2.3 and later support enhanced status codes as defined in RFC 3463.  When
       an enhanced status code is specified in an access table, it is  subject  to  modification.
       The  following  transformations  are needed when the same access table is used for client,
       helo, sender, or recipient access restrictions; they happen regardless of whether  Postfix
       replies to a MAIL FROM, RCPT TO or other SMTP command.

       •      When  a  sender  address  matches  a  REJECT  action,  the Postfix SMTP server will
              transform a recipient DSN status (e.g., 4.1.1-4.1.6) into the corresponding  sender
              DSN status, and vice versa.

       •      When  non-address  information  matches  a  REJECT action (such as the HELO command
              argument or the client hostname/address), the Postfix SMTP server will transform  a
              sender or recipient DSN status into a generic non-address DSN status (e.g., 4.0.0).

REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES

       This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is given in the form of
       regular expressions. For a description of regular  expression  lookup  table  syntax,  see
       regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5).

       Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire string being looked up.
       Depending on the application, that string is an entire client hostname, an  entire  client
       IP  address, or an entire mail address. Thus, no parent domain or parent network search is
       done, user@domain mail addresses are not broken up into their user@ and domain constituent
       parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and foo.

       Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a pattern is found that
       matches the search string.

       Actions are the same as with indexed  file  lookups,  with  the  additional  feature  that
       parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on.

TCP-BASED TABLES

       This  section  describes  how  the  table  lookups  change  when lookups are directed to a
       TCP-based server. For  a  description  of  the  TCP  client/server  lookup  protocol,  see
       tcp_table(5).  This feature is not available up to and including Postfix version 2.4.

       Each  lookup  operation  uses the entire query string once.  Depending on the application,
       that string is an entire client hostname, an entire client IP address, or an  entire  mail
       address.   Thus,  no  parent  domain  or  parent  network search is done, user@domain mail
       addresses are not broken up into their user@ and domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo
       broken up into user and foo.

       Actions are the same as with indexed file lookups.

EXAMPLE

       The  following  example  uses an indexed file, so that the order of table entries does not
       matter. The example permits access by the client at address 1.2.3.4 but rejects all  other
       clients  in  1.2.3.0/24.  Instead  of  hash  lookup tables, some systems use dbm.  Use the
       command "postconf -m" to find out what lookup tables Postfix supports on your system.

       /etc/postfix/main.cf:
           smtpd_client_restrictions =
               check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access

       /etc/postfix/access:
           1.2.3   REJECT
           1.2.3.4 OK

       Execute the command "postmap /etc/postfix/access" after editing the file.

BUGS

       The table format does not understand quoting conventions.

SEE ALSO

       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
       smtpd(8), SMTP server
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       transport(5), transport:nexthop syntax

README FILES

       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       SMTPD_ACCESS_README, built-in SMTP server access control
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview

LICENSE

       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)

       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                                        ACCESS(5)