Ubuntu Manpage: snap - Tool to interact with snaps

NAME

       snap - Tool to interact with snaps

SYNOPSIS

       snap [OPTIONS]

DESCRIPTION

       The  snap  command  lets  you  install,  configure,  refresh  and remove snaps.  Snaps are
       packages that work across many different Linux distributions, enabling secure delivery and
       operation of the latest apps and utilities.

OPTIONS

COMMANDS

abort
Abort a pending change

The abort command attempts to abort a change that still has pending tasks.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] abort [abort-OPTIONS]

--last Select last change of given type (install, refresh, remove, try, auto-refresh,
etc.). A question mark at the end of the type means to do nothing (instead of
returning an error) if no change of the given type is found. Note the question mark
could need protecting from the shell.

ack
Add an assertion to the system

The ack command tries to add an assertion to the system assertion database.

The assertion may also be a newer revision of a pre-existing assertion that it will
replace.

To succeed the assertion must be valid, its signature verified with a known public key and
the assertion consistent with and its prerequisite in the database.

alias
Set up a manual alias

The alias command aliases the given snap application to the given alias.

Once this manual alias is setup the respective application command can be invoked just
using the alias.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] alias [alias-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

aliases
List aliases in the system

The aliases command lists all aliases available in the system and their status.

$ snap aliases <snap>

Lists only the aliases defined by the specified snap.

changes
List system changes

The changes command displays a summary of system changes performed recently.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] changes [changes-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

check-snapshot
Check a snapshot

The check-snapshot command verifies the user, system and configuration data of the snaps
included in the specified snapshot.

The check operation runs the same data integrity verification that is performed when a
snapshot is restored.

By default, this command checks all the data in a snapshot. Alternatively, you can
specify the data of which snaps to check, or for which users, or a combination of these.

If a snap is included in a check-snapshot operation, excluding its system and
configuration data from the check is not currently possible. This restriction may be
lifted in the future.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] check-snapshot [check-snapshot-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--users
Check data of only specific users (comma-separated) (default: all users)

connect
Connect a plug to a slot

The connect command connects a plug to a slot. It may be called in the following ways:

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>

Connects the provided plug to the given slot.

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>

Connects the specific plug to the only slot in the provided snap that matches the
connected interface. If more than one potential slot exists, the command fails.

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug>

Connects the provided plug to the slot in the core snap with a name matching the plug
name.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] connect [connect-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

connections
List interface connections

The connections command lists connections between plugs and slots in the system.

Unless <snap> is provided, the listing is for connected plugs and slots for all snaps in
the system. In this mode, pass --all to also list unconnected plugs and slots.

$ snap connections <snap>

Lists connected and unconnected plugs and slots for the specified snap.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] connections [connections-OPTIONS]

--all Show connected and unconnected plugs and slots

create-cohort
Create cohort keys for a set of snaps

The create-cohort command creates a set of cohort keys for a given set of snaps.

A cohort is a view or snapshot of a snap's "channel map" at a given point in time that
fixes the set of revisions for the snap given other constraints (e.g. channel or
architecture). The cohort is then identified by an opaque per-snap key that works across
systems. Installations or refreshes of the snap using a given cohort key would use a fixed
revision for up to 90 days, after which a new set of revisions would be fixed under that
same cohort key and a new 90 days window started.

debug
Run debug commands

The debug command contains a selection of additional sub-commands.

Debug commands can be removed without notice and may not work on non-development systems.

debug api
Execute raw query to snapd API

Execute a raw query to snapd API. Complex input can be read from stdin, while output is
printed to stdout. See examples below:

List all snaps: $ snap debug api /v2/snaps

Find snaps with name foo: $ snap debug api '/v2/find?name=foo'

Request refresh of snap 'some-snap': $ echo '{"action": "refresh"}' | snap debug api -X
POST \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' /v2/snaps/some-snap

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] debug api [api-OPTIONS]

-H, --header
Set header (can be repeated multiple times), header kind and value are separated
with ': '

-X, --request
HTTP method to use (defaults to GET)

--fail Fail on request errors

debug confinement
Print the confinement mode the system operates in

The confinement command will print the confinement mode (strict, partial or none) the
system operates in.

debug connectivity
Check network connectivity status

The connectivity command checks the network connectivity of snapd.

debug execution
Obtain information about execution aspects of snap toolchain commands

Display debugging information about aspects of snap toolchain execution, such as
reexecution, tools location etc.

debug execution apparmor
Show apparmor

debug execution internal-tool
Show internal tool execution info

debug execution snap
Show snap execution info

debug migrate-home
Migrate snaps' directory to ~/Snap.

Migrate snaps' directory to ~/Snap.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] debug migrate-home [migrate-home-OPTIONS]

--no-wait

debug paths
Print system paths

The paths command prints the list of paths detected and used by snapd.

debug sandbox-features
Print sandbox features available on the system

The sandbox command prints tags describing features of individual sandbox components used
by snapd on a given system.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] debug sandbox-features [sandbox-features-OPTIONS]

--required
Ensure that given backend:feature is available

debug stacktraces
Obtain stacktraces of all snapd goroutines

Obtain stacktraces of all snapd goroutines.

debug state
Inspect a snapd state file.

Inspect a snapd state file, bypassing snapd API.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] debug state [state-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

--changes
List all changes

--task ID of the task to inspect

--change
ID of the change to inspect

--check
Check change consistency

--connections
List all connections

--connection
Show details of the matching connections (snap or snap:plug,snap:slot or snap:plug-
or-slot

--is-seeded
Output seeding status (true or false)

--dot Dot (graphviz) output

--no-hold
Omit tasks in 'Hold' state in the change output

debug timings
Get the timings of the tasks of a change

The timings command displays details about the time each task runs.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] debug timings [timings-OPTIONS]

--ensure
Show timings for a change related to the given Ensure activity (one of: auto-
refresh, become-operational, refresh-catalogs, refresh-hints, seed)

--all Show timings for all executions of the given Ensure or startup activity, not just
the latest

--startup
Show timings for the startup of given subsystem (one of: load-state, ifacemgr)

--verbose
Show more information

disable
Disable a snap in the system

The disable command disables a snap. The binaries and services of the snap will no longer
be available, but all the data is still available and the snap can easily be enabled
again.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] disable [disable-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

disconnect
Disconnect a plug from a slot

The disconnect command disconnects a plug from a slot. It may be called in the following
ways:

$ snap disconnect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>

Disconnects the specific plug from the specific slot.

$ snap disconnect <snap>:<slot or plug>

Disconnects everything from the provided plug or slot. The snap name may be omitted for
the core snap.

When an automatic connection is manually disconnected, its disconnected state is retained
after a snap refresh. The --forget flag can be added to the disconnect command to reset
this behaviour, and consequently re-enable an automatic reconnection after a snap refresh.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] disconnect [disconnect-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--forget
Forget remembered state about the given connection.

download
Download the given snap

The download command downloads the given snap and its supporting assertions to the current
directory with .snap and .assert file extensions, respectively.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] download [download-OPTIONS]

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--revision
Download the given revision of a snap

--basename
Use this basename for the snap and assertion files (defaults to <snap>_<revision>)

--target-directory
Download to this directory (defaults to the current directory)

--cohort
Download from the given cohort

enable
Enable a snap in the system

The enable command enables a snap that was previously disabled.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] enable [enable-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

export-snapshot
Export a snapshot

Export a snapshot to the given filename.

find
Find packages to install

The find command queries the store for available packages.

With the --private flag, which requires the user to be logged-in to the store (see 'snap
help login'), it instead searches for private snaps that the user has developer access to,
either directly or through the store's collaboration feature.

A green check mark (given color and unicode support) after a publisher name indicates that
the publisher has been verified.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] find [find-OPTIONS]

Aliases: search

--private
Search private snaps.

--narrow
Only search for snaps in “stable”.

--section [="show-all-sections-please"] <default: "no-section-specified">
Restrict the search to a given section.

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

forget
Delete a snapshot

The forget command deletes a snapshot. This operation can not be undone.

A snapshot contains archives for the user, system and configuration data of each snap
included in the snapshot.

By default, this command forgets all the data in a snapshot. Alternatively, you can
specify the data of which snaps to forget.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] forget [forget-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

get
Print configuration options

The get command prints configuration options for the provided snap.

$ snap get snap-name username
frank

If multiple option names are provided, the corresponding values are returned:

$ snap get snap-name username password
Key Value
username frank
password ...

Nested values may be retrieved via a dotted path:

$ snap get snap-name author.name
frank

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] get [get-OPTIONS]

-t Strict typing with nulls and quoted strings

-d Always return document, even with single key

-l Always return list, even with single key

help
Show help about a command

The help command displays information about snap commands.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] help [help-OPTIONS]

--all Show a short summary of all commands

import-snapshot
Import a snapshot

Import an exported snapshot set to the system. The snapshot is imported with a new
snapshot ID and can be restored using the restore command.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] import-snapshot [import-snapshot-OPTIONS]

--abs-time

info
Show detailed information about snaps

The info command shows detailed information about snaps.

The snaps can be specified by name or by path; names are looked for both in the store and
in the installed snaps; paths can refer to a .snap file, or to a directory that contains
an unpacked snap suitable for 'snap try' (an example of this would be the 'prime'
directory snapcraft produces).

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] info [info-OPTIONS]

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

--verbose
Include more details on the snap (expanded notes, base, etc.)

install
Install snaps on the system

The install command installs the named snaps on the system.

To install multiple instances of the same snap, append an underscore and a unique
identifier (for each instance) to a snap's name.

Parallel instances are installed with --unaliased passed implicitly to avoid conflicts
with existing installs. This behaviour can be altered by passing --prefer which will
enable all aliases of the given snap in preference to conflicting aliases of other snaps
whose automatic aliases will be disabled and manual aliases will be removed.

With no further options, the snaps are installed tracking the stable channel, with strict
security confinement. All available channels of a snap are listed in its 'snap info'
output.

When --revision is used, a later refresh will typically undo the revision override, taking
the snap back to the current revision of the channel it's tracking.

Use --name to set the instance name when installing from snap file.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] install [install-OPTIONS]

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--revision
Install the given revision of a snap

--dangerous
Install the given snap file even if there are no pre-acknowledged signatures for
it, meaning it was not verified and could be dangerous (--devmode implies this)

--unaliased
Install the given snap without enabling its automatic aliases

--prefer
Enable all aliases of the given snap in preference to conflicting aliases of other
snaps

--name Install the snap file under the given instance name

--cohort
Install the snap in the given cohort

--ignore-validation
Ignore validation by other snaps blocking the installation

--transaction <default: "per-snap">
Have one transaction per-snap or one for all the specified snaps

--quota-group
Add the snap to a quota group on install

interface
Show details of snap interfaces

The interface command shows details of snap interfaces.

If no interface name is provided, a list of interface names with at least one connection
is shown, or a list of all interfaces if --all is provided.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] interface [interface-OPTIONS]

--attrs
Show interface attributes

--all Include unused interfaces

known
Show known assertions of the provided type

The known command shows known assertions of the provided type. If header=value pairs are
provided after the assertion type, the assertions shown must also have the specified
headers matching the provided values.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] known [known-OPTIONS]

--remote
Query the store for the assertion, via snapd if possible

--direct
Query the store for the assertion, without attempting to go via snapd

list
List installed snaps

The list command displays a summary of snaps installed in the current system.

A green check mark (given color and unicode support) after a publisher name indicates that
the publisher has been verified.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] list [list-OPTIONS]

--all Show all revisions

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

The login command authenticates the user to snapd and the snap store, and saves
credentials into the ~/.snap/auth.json file. Further communication with snapd will then be
made using those credentials.

It's not necessary to log in to interact with snapd. Doing so, however, enables
interactions without sudo, as well as some some developer-oriented features as detailed in
the help for the find, install and refresh commands.

An account can be set up at https://login.ubuntu.com

logout
Log out of snapd and the store

The logout command logs the current user out of snapd and the store.

logs
Retrieve logs for services

The logs command fetches logs of the given services and displays them in chronological
order.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] logs [logs-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

-n <default: "10">
Show only the given number of lines, or 'all'.

-f Wait for new lines and print them as they come in.

model
Get the active model for this device

The model command returns the active model assertion information for this device.

By default, only the essential model identification information is included in the output,
but this can be expanded to include all of an assertion's non-meta headers.

The verbose output is presented in a structured, yaml-like format.

Similarly, the active serial assertion can be used for the output instead of the model
assertion.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] model [model-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--serial
Print the serial assertion instead of the model assertion.

--verbose
Print all specific assertion fields.

--assertion
Print the raw assertion.

okay
Acknowledge warnings

The okay command acknowledges the warnings listed with 'snap warnings'.

Once acknowledged a warning won't appear again unless it re-occurrs and sufficient time
has passed.

pack
Pack the given directory as a snap

The pack command packs the given snap-dir as a snap and writes the result to target-dir.
If target-dir is omitted, the result is written to current directory. If both source-dir
and target-dir are omitted, the pack command packs the current directory.

The default file name for a snap can be derived entirely from its snap.yaml, but in some
situations it's simpler for a script to feed the filename in. In those cases, --filename
can be given to override the default. If this filename is not absolute it will be taken as
relative to target-dir.

When used with --check-skeleton, pack only checks whether snap-dir contains valid snap
metadata and raises an error otherwise. Application commands listed in snap metadata file,
but appearing with incorrect permission bits result in an error. Commands that are missing
from snap-dir are listed in diagnostic messages.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] pack [pack-OPTIONS]

--check-skeleton
Validate snap-dir metadata only

--filename
Output to this filename

--compression
Compression to use (e.g. xz or lzo)

prefer
Enable aliases from a snap, disabling any conflicting aliases

The prefer command enables all aliases of the given snap in preference to conflicting
aliases of other snaps whose aliases will be disabled (or removed, for manual ones).

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] prefer [prefer-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

prepare-image
Prepare a device image

The prepare-image command performs some of the steps necessary for creating device images.

For core images it is not invoked directly but usually via ubuntu-image.

For preparing classic images it supports a --classic mode

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] prepare-image [prepare-image-OPTIONS]

--classic
Enable classic mode to prepare a classic model image

--preseed
Preseed (UC20+ only)

--preseed-sign-key
Name of the key to use to sign preseed assertion, otherwise use the default key

--apparmor-features-dir
Optional path to apparmor kernel features directory (UC20+ only)

--sysfs-overlay
Optional sysfs overlay to be used when running preseeding steps

--arch Specify an architecture for snaps for --classic when the model does not

--channel
The channel to use

--snap <snap>[=<channel>]
Include the given snap from the store or a local file and/or specify the channel to
track for the given snap

--comp <snap>+<comp>
Include the given component from the store or a local file

--revisions
Specify a seeds.manifest file referencing the exact revisions of the provided snaps
which should be installed

--write-revisions [="./seed.manifest"]
Writes a manifest file containing references to the exact snap revisions used for
the image. A path for the manifest is optional.

quota
Show quota group for a set of snaps

The quota command shows information about a quota group, including the set of snaps and
any sub-groups it contains, as well as its resource constraints and the current usage of
those constrained resources.

quotas
Show quota groups

The quotas command shows all quota groups.

reboot
Reboot into selected system and mode

The reboot command reboots the system into a particular mode of the selected recovery
system.

When called without a system label and without a mode it will just trigger a regular
reboot.

When called without a label, the current system will be used for "run" mode. The default
recovery system will be used for "recover", "factory-reset" and "install" modes.

Note that the "run" mode is only available for the current system.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] reboot [reboot-OPTIONS]

--run Boot into run mode

--install
Boot into install mode

--recover
Boot into recover mode

--factory-reset
Boot into factory-reset mode

recovery
List available recovery systems

The recovery command lists the available recovery systems.

With --show-keys it displays recovery keys that can be used to unlock the encrypted
partitions if the device-specific automatic unlocking does not work.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] recovery [recovery-OPTIONS]

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--show-keys
Show recovery keys (if available) to unlock encrypted partitions.

refresh
Refresh snaps in the system

The refresh command updates the specified snaps, or all snaps in the system if none are
specified.

With no further options, the snaps are refreshed to the current revision of the channel
they're tracking, preserving their confinement options. All available channels of a snap
are listed in its 'snap info' output.

When --revision is used, a later refresh will typically undo the revision override.

Hold (--hold) is used to postpone snap refresh updates for all snaps when no snaps are
specified, or for the specified snaps.

When no snaps are specified --hold is only effective on auto-refreshes and will not block
either general refresh requests from 'snap refresh' or specific snap requests from 'snap
refresh target-snap'.

When snaps are specified --hold is effective on both their auto-refreshes and general
refresh requests from 'snap refresh'. However, specific snap requests from 'snap refresh
target-snap' remain unblocked and will proceed.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] refresh [refresh-OPTIONS]

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--amend
Allow refresh attempt on snap unknown to the store

--revision
Refresh to the given revision

--cohort
Refresh the snap into the given cohort

--leave-cohort
Refresh the snap out of its cohort

--list Show the new versions of snaps that would be updated with the next refresh

--time Show auto refresh information but do not perform a refresh

--ignore-validation
Ignore validation by other snaps blocking the refresh

--transaction <default: "per-snap">
Have one transaction per-snap or one for all the specified snaps

--hold [="forever"]
Hold refreshes for a specified duration (or forever, if no value is specified)

--unhold
Remove refresh hold

remodel
Remodel this device

The remodel command changes the model assertion of the device, either to a new revision or
a full new model.

In the process it applies any implied changes to the device: new required snaps, new
kernel or gadget etc.

Snaps and assertions are downloaded from the store unless they are provided as local files
specified by --snap and --assertion options. If using these options, it is expected that
all the needed snaps and assertions are provided locally, otherwise the remodel will fail.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] remodel [remodel-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--snap Use one or more locally available snaps.

--assertion
Use one or more locally available assertion files.

--offline
Use only pre-installed and locally provided snaps and assertions. Providing any
snaps or assertions locally implies --offline.

remove
Remove snaps from the system

The remove command removes the named snap instance from the system.

By default all the snap revisions are removed, including their data and the common data
directory. When a --revision option is passed only the specified revision is removed.

Unless automatic snapshots are disabled, a snapshot of all data for the snap is saved upon
removal, which is then available for future restoration with snap restore. The --purge
option disables automatically creating snapshots.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] remove [remove-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--revision
Remove only the given revision

--purge
Remove the snap without saving a snapshot of its data

--terminate
Terminate running processes associated with a snap before removal

remove-quota
Remove quota group

The remove-quota command removes the given quota group.

Currently, only quota groups with no sub-groups can be removed. In order to remove a quota
group with sub-groups, the sub-groups must first be removed until there are no sub-groups
for the group, then the group itself can be removed.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] remove-quota [remove-quota-OPTIONS]

--no-wait

restart
Restart services

The restart command restarts the given services.

If the --reload option is given, for each service whose app has a reload command, a reload
is performed instead of a restart.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] restart [restart-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--system
The operation should only affect system services.

--user The operation should only affect user services for the current user.

--users
If provided and set to 'all', the operation should affect services for all users.

--reload
If the service has a reload command, use it instead of restarting.

restore
Restore a snapshot

The restore command replaces the current user, system and configuration data of included
snaps, with the corresponding data from the specified snapshot.

By default, this command restores all the data in a snapshot. Alternatively, you can
specify the data of which snaps to restore, or for which users, or a combination of these.

If a snap is included in a restore operation, excluding its system and configuration data
from the restore is not currently possible. This restriction may be lifted in the future.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] restore [restore-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--users
Restore data of only specific users (comma-separated) (default: all users)

revert
Reverts the given snap to the previous state

The revert command reverts the given snap to its state before the latest refresh. This
will reactivate the previous snap revision, and will use the original data that was
associated with that revision, discarding any data changes that were done by the latest
revision. As an exception, data which the snap explicitly chooses to share across
revisions is not touched by the revert process.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] revert [revert-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--revision
Revert to the given revision

run
Run the given snap command

The run command executes the given snap command with the right confinement and
environment.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] run [run-OPTIONS] <NAME-OF-SNAP>.<NAME-OF-APP> [<SNAP-APP-ARG>...]

--shell
Run a shell instead of the command (useful for debugging)

--debug-log
Enable debug logging during early snap startup phases

--strace [="with-strace"] <default: "no-strace">
Run the command under strace (useful for debugging). Extra strace options can be
specified as well here. Pass --raw to strace early snap helpers.

--gdbserver [=":0"] <default: "no-gdbserver">
Run the command with gdbserver

--trace-exec
Display exec calls timing data

save
Save a snapshot of the current data

The save command creates a snapshot of the current user, system and configuration data for
the given snaps.

By default, this command saves the data of all snaps for all users. Alternatively, you
can specify the data of which snaps to save, or for which users, or a combination of
these.

If a snap is included in a save operation, excluding its system and configuration data
from the snapshot is not currently possible. This restriction may be lifted in the future.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] save [save-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display short relative
times.

--users
Snapshot data of only specific users (comma-separated) (default: all users)

saved
List currently stored snapshots

The saved command displays a list of snapshots that have been created previously with the
'save' command.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] saved [saved-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display short relative
times.

--id Show only a specific snapshot.

services
Query the status of services

The services command lists information about the services specified, or about the services
in all currently installed snaps.

If executed as root user, the 'Startup' column of any user service will be whether it's
globally enabled (i.e systemctl is-enabled). To view the actual 'Startup'|'Current' status
of the user services for the root user itself, --user can be provided.

If executed as a non-root user, the 'Startup'|'Current' status of user services will be
the current status for the invoking user. To view the global enablement status of user
services, --global can be provided.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] services [services-OPTIONS]

-g, --global
Show the global enable status for user services instead of the status for the
current user.

-u, --user
Show the current status of the user services instead of the global enable status.

set
Change configuration options

The set command changes the provided configuration options as requested.

$ snap set snap-name username=frank password=$PASSWORD

All configuration changes are persisted at once, and only after the snap's configuration
hook returns successfully.

Nested values may be modified via a dotted path:

$ snap set snap-name author.name=frank

Configuration option may be unset with exclamation mark:
$ snap set snap-name author!

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] set [set-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

-t Parse the value strictly as JSON document

-s Parse the value as a string

set-quota
Create or update a quota group.

The set-quota command updates or creates a quota group with the specified set of snaps.

A quota group sets resource limits on the set of snaps or snap services it contains.
Snaps can be at most in one quota group but quota groups can be nested. Nested quota
groups are subject to the restriction that the total sum of each existing quota in sub-
groups cannot exceed that of the parent group the nested groups are part of.

All provided snaps are appended to the group; to remove a snap from a quota group, the
entire group must be removed with remove-quota and recreated without the snap. To remove a
sub-group from the quota group, the sub-group must be removed directly with the remove-
quota command.

To set limits on individual services, one or more services can be placed into a sub-group.
The respective snap for each service must belong to the sub-group's parent group. These
sub-groups will have the same limitations as nested groups which means their combined
resource usage cannot exceed the resource limits set for the parent group. Sub-groups
which contain services cannot have their own journal quotas set, and instead automatically
inherit any journal quota their parent quota group may have.

The memory limit for a quota group can be increased but not decreased. To decrease the
memory limit for a quota group, the entire group must be removed with the remove-quota
command and recreated with a lower limit. Increasing the memory limit for a quota group
does not restart any services associated with snaps in the quota group.

The CPU limit for a quota group can be both increased and decreased after being set on a
quota group. The CPU limit can be specified as a single percentage which means that the
quota group is allowed an overall percentage of the CPU resources. Setting it to 50% means
that the quota group is allowed to use up to 50% of all CPU cores in the allowed CPU set.
Setting the percentage to 2x100% means that the quota group is allowed up to 100% on two
cpu cores.

The CPU set limit for a quota group can be modified to include new cpus, or to remove
existing cpus from the quota already set.

The threads limit for a quota group can be increased but not decreased. To decrease the
threads limit for a quota group, the entire group must be removed with the remove-quota
command and recreated with a lower limit.

The journal limits can be increased and decreased after being set on a group. Setting a
journal limit will cause the snaps in the group to be put into the same journal namespace.
This will affect the behaviour of the log command.

New quotas can be set on existing quota groups, but existing quotas cannot be removed from
a quota group, without removing and recreating the entire group.

Adding new snaps to a quota group will result in all non-disabled services in that snap
being restarted.

An existing sub group cannot be moved from one parent to another.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] set-quota [set-quota-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--memory [=]
Memory quota

--cpu [=]
CPU quota

--cpu-set [=]
CPU set quota

--threads [=]
Threads quota

--journal-size [=]
Journal size quota

--journal-rate-limit [=]
Journal rate limit as <message count>/<message period>

--parent [=]
Parent quota group

start
Start services

The start command starts, and optionally enables, the given services.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] start [start-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--system
The operation should only affect system services.

--user The operation should only affect user services for the current user.

--users
If provided and set to 'all', the operation should affect services for all users.

--enable
As well as starting the service now, arrange for it to be started on boot.

stop
Stop services

The stop command stops, and optionally disables, the given services.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] stop [stop-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--system
The operation should only affect system services.

--user The operation should only affect user services for the current user.

--users
If provided and set to 'all', the operation should affect services for all users.

--disable
As well as stopping the service now, arrange for it to no longer be started on
boot.

switch
Switches snap to a different channel

The switch command switches the given snap to a different channel without doing a refresh.
All available channels of a snap are listed in its 'snap info' output.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] switch [switch-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--cohort
Switch the snap into the given cohort

--leave-cohort
Switch the snap out of its cohort

tasks
List a change's tasks

The tasks command displays a summary of tasks associated with an individual change.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] tasks [tasks-OPTIONS]

Aliases: change

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

try
Test an unpacked snap in the system

The try command installs an unpacked snap into the system for testing purposes. The
unpacked snap content continues to be used even after installation, so non-metadata
changes there go live instantly. Metadata changes such as those performed in snap.yaml
will require reinstallation to go live.

If snap-dir argument is omitted, the try command will attempt to infer it if either
snapcraft.yaml file and prime directory or meta/snap.yaml file can be found relative to
current working directory.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] try [try-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

unalias
Remove a manual alias, or the aliases for an entire snap

The unalias command removes a single alias if the provided argument is a manual alias, or
disables all aliases of a snap, including manual ones, if the argument is a snap name.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] unalias [unalias-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

unset
Remove configuration options

The unset command removes the provided configuration options as requested.

$ snap unset snap-name name address

All configuration changes are persisted at once, and only after the snap's configuration
hook returns successfully.

Nested values may be removed via a dotted path:

$ snap unset snap-name user.name

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] unset [unset-OPTIONS]

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

validate
List or apply validation sets

The validate command lists or applies validation sets that state which snaps are required
or permitted to be installed together, optionally constrained to fixed revisions.

A validation set can either be in monitoring mode, in which case its constraints aren't
enforced, or in enforcing mode, in which case snapd will not allow operations which would
result in snaps breaking the validation set's constraints.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] validate [validate-OPTIONS]

--monitor
Monitor the given validations set

--enforce
Enforce the given validation set

--forget
Forget the given validation set

--refresh
Refresh or install snaps to satisfy enforced validation sets

--color <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of color to highlight some things.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--no-wait
Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.

version
Show version details

The version command displays the versions of the running client, server, and operating
system.

wait
Wait for configuration

The wait command waits until a configuration becomes true.

warnings
List warnings

The warnings command lists the warnings that have been reported to the system.

Once warnings have been listed with 'snap warnings', 'snap okay' may be used to silence
them. A warning that's been silenced in this way will not be listed again unless it
happens again, _and_ a cooldown time has passed.

Warnings expire automatically, and once expired they are forgotten.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] warnings [warnings-OPTIONS]

--abs-time
Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative times up
to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.

--unicode <default: "auto">
Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility.

--all Show all warnings

--verbose
Show more information

watch
Watch a change in progress

The watch command waits for the given change-id to finish and shows progress (if
available).

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] watch [watch-OPTIONS]

whoami
Show the email the user is logged in with

The whoami command shows the email the user is logged in with.

NOTES

        1. Online documentation
           https://docs.snapcraft.io

BUGS

       Please report all bugs with https://bugs.launchpad.net/snapd/+filebug

                                         11 October 2024                                  snap(8)