名称

       newusers - 批量更新和创建新用户

大纲

       newusers [选项] [文件]

描述

       The newusers command reads a file (or the standard input by default) and uses this
       information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the
       same format as the standard password file (see passwd(5)) with the exceptions explained
       below:

       pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell

       pw_name
           这是用户的用户名。

           It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created
           before by newusers). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be
           changed, otherwise a new user will be created.

       pw_passwd
           此字段将被加密然后用于加密后密码的新值。

       pw_uid
           此字段用于定义用户的 UID。

           If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by newusers.

           如果此字段包含一个数字，此数字会用于 UID。

           If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created
           before by newusers), the UID of the specified user will be used.

           如果一个现有用户更改了 UID，此用户的文件所有权需要手动修复。

       pw_gid
           此字段用于定义用户的主组 ID。

           If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
           newusers), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user.

           如果此字段是一个数字，此数字会被用作此用户的主组 ID。如果没有对应此 GID 的现有组，将会
           使用此 GID 创建一个新组，名称和用户名相同。

           If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a
           GID will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for
           the user and as the GID for the new group.

           If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created
           before by newusers), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID
           will be automatically defined by newusers to be used as the primary group ID for the
           user and GID for the new group.

       pw_gecos
           此字段复制到用户的 GECOS 字段。

       pw_dir
           此字段用于定义用户的主目录。

           如果此字段指定的不是现有的目录，将会创建指定的目录，所有权设置为创建或更新的用户及其主
           组。

           If the home directory of an existing user is changed, newusers does not move or copy
           the content of the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually.

       pw_shell
           此字段定义了用户的 shell。对此字段不进行任何检查。

       newusers first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these
       changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to
       the databases), no changes are committed to the databases.

       During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and passwords are not
       changed for the users which are not created). A second pass is used to update the
       passwords using PAM. Failures to update a password are reported, but will not stop the
       other password updates.

       此命令一般用于在大型的应用环境中，对大量账户进行一次性更新。

选项

       The options which apply to the newusers command are:

       --badname
           Allow names that do not conform to standards.

       -h, --help
           现实帮助信息并退出。

       -r, --system
           创建一个系统账户。

           System users will be created with no aging information in /etc/shadow, and their
           numeric identifiers are chosen in the SYS_UID_MIN-SYS_UID_MAX range, defined in
           login.defs, instead of UID_MIN-UID_MAX (and their GID counterparts for the creation of
           groups).

       -R, --root CHROOT_DIR
           Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the
           CHROOT_DIR directory.

CAVEATS

       输入文件必须受到保护，因为它包含未加密的密码。

配置文件

       The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:

文件

       /etc/passwd
           用户账户信息。

       /etc/shadow
           安全用户账户信息。

       /etc/group
           组账户信息。

       /etc/gshadow
           安全组账户信息。

       /etc/login.defs
           Shadow 密码套件配置。

       /etc/pam.d/newusers
           PAM configuration for newusers.

       /etc/subgid
           Per user subordinate group IDs.

       /etc/subuid
           Per user subordinate user IDs.

参见

       login.defs(5), passwd(1), subgid(5), subuid(5), useradd(8).