Provided by: ganeti-htools-3.0_3.0.2-1ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       hspace - Cluster space analyzer for Ganeti

SYNOPSIS

       hspace   {backend   options...}   [algorithm   options...]  [request  options...]  [output
       options...] [-v...  | -q]

       hspace --version

       Backend options:

       { -m cluster | -L[ path ] | -t data-file | --simulate spec | -I path }

       Algorithm options:

       [ --max-cpu *cpu-ratio* ] [ --min-disk *disk-ratio* ] [ -O *name...*  ]  [  --independent-
       groups ] [ --no-capacity-checks ]

       Request options:

       [--disk-template template ]

       [--standard-alloc disk,ram,cpu ]

       [--tiered-alloc disk,ram,cpu ]

       Output options:

       [--machine-readable[=*CHOICE*] ] [-p[fields]]

DESCRIPTION

       hspace  computes  how many additional instances can be fit on a cluster, while maintaining
       N+1 status.

       The program will try to place instances, all of the same size, on the cluster,  until  the
       point  where we don't have any N+1 possible allocation.  It uses the exact same allocation
       algorithm as the hail iallocator plugin in allocate mode.

       The output of the program is designed either for human consumption (the default) or,  when
       enabled  with  the  --machine-readable  option  (described  further  below),  for  machine
       consumption.  In the latter case, it is intended to interpreted as a  shell  fragment  (or
       parsed  as  a key=value file).  Options which extend the output (e.g.  -p, -v) will output
       the additional information on stderr (such that the stdout is still parseable).

       By default, the instance specifications  will  be  read  from  the  cluster;  the  options
       --standard-alloc and --tiered-alloc can be used to override them.

       The  following  keys  are  available  in  the  machine-readable  output of the script (all
       prefixed with HTS_):

       SPEC_MEM, SPEC_DSK, SPEC_CPU, SPEC_RQN, SPEC_DISK_TEMPLATE, SPEC_SPN
              These represent the specifications of the instance model used for  allocation  (the
              memory, disk, cpu, requested nodes, disk template, spindles).

       TSPEC_INI_MEM, TSPEC_INI_DSK, TSPEC_INI_CPU, ...
              Only  defined  when the tiered mode allocation is enabled, these are similar to the
              above specifications but show the initial starting spec for tiered allocation.

       CLUSTER_MEM, CLUSTER_DSK, CLUSTER_CPU, CLUSTER_NODES, CLUSTER_SPN
              These represent the total memory, disk, CPU count, total nodes, and total  spindles
              in the cluster.

       INI_SCORE, FIN_SCORE
              These  are the initial (current) and final cluster score (see the hbal man page for
              details about the scoring algorithm).

       INI_INST_CNT, FIN_INST_CNT
              The initial and final instance count.

       INI_MEM_FREE, FIN_MEM_FREE
              The initial  and  final  total  free  memory  in  the  cluster  (but  this  doesn't
              necessarily mean available for use).

       INI_MEM_AVAIL, FIN_MEM_AVAIL
              The  initial  and  final  total available memory for allocation in the cluster.  If
              allocating redundant instances, new instances could increase the reserved memory so
              it  doesn't  necessarily  mean  the  entirety  of  this  memory can be used for new
              instance allocations.

       INI_MEM_RESVD, FIN_MEM_RESVD
              The initial and final reserved memory (for redundancy/N+1 purposes).

       INI_MEM_INST, FIN_MEM_INST
              The initial and final memory used for instances (actual runtime used RAM).

       INI_MEM_OVERHEAD, FIN_MEM_OVERHEAD
              The initial and final memory overhead, i.e.  memory used for the  node  itself  and
              unaccounted memory (e.g.  due to hypervisor overhead).

       INI_MEM_EFF, HTS_INI_MEM_EFF
              The  initial and final memory efficiency, represented as instance memory divided by
              total memory.

       INI_DSK_FREE, INI_DSK_AVAIL, INI_DSK_RESVD, INI_DSK_INST, INI_DSK_EFF
              Initial disk stats, similar to the memory ones.

       FIN_DSK_FREE, FIN_DSK_AVAIL, FIN_DSK_RESVD, FIN_DSK_INST, FIN_DSK_EFF
              Final disk stats, similar to the memory ones.

       INI_SPN_FREE, ..., FIN_SPN_FREE, ..
              Initial and final spindles stats, similar to memory ones.

       INI_CPU_INST, FIN_CPU_INST
              Initial and final number of virtual CPUs used by instances.

       INI_CPU_EFF, FIN_CPU_EFF
              The initial and final CPU efficiency, represented as the count of virtual  instance
              CPUs divided by the total physical CPU count.

       INI_MNODE_MEM_AVAIL, FIN_MNODE_MEM_AVAIL
              The  initial  and final maximum per-node available memory.  This is not very useful
              as a metric but can give an impression of the status of the nodes; as  an  example,
              this  value  restricts  the  maximum instance size that can be still created on the
              cluster.

       INI_MNODE_DSK_AVAIL, FIN_MNODE_DSK_AVAIL
              Like the above but for disk.

       TSPEC  This parameter holds the pairs of specifications and counts of instances  that  can
              be  created  in  the  tiered  allocation  mode.   The  value of the key is a space-
              separated list of values; each value is of the form memory,disk,vcpu,spindles=count
              where  the  memory, disk and vcpu are the values for the current spec, and count is
              how many instances of this spec can be created.  A complete value for this variable
              could be: 4096,102400,2,1=225 2560,102400,2,1=20 512,102400,2,1=21.

       KM_USED_CPU, KM_USED_NPU, KM_USED_MEM, KM_USED_DSK
              These  represents  the  metrics  of  used resources at the start of the computation
              (only for tiered allocation mode).  The NPU value is "normalized" CPU  count,  i.e.
              the  number of virtual CPUs divided by the maximum ratio of the virtual to physical
              CPUs.

       KM_POOL_CPU, KM_POOL_NPU, KM_POOL_MEM, KM_POOL_DSK
              These represents  the  total  resources  allocated  during  the  tiered  allocation
              process.  In effect, they represent how much is readily available for allocation.

       KM_UNAV_CPU, KM_POOL_NPU, KM_UNAV_MEM, KM_UNAV_DSK
              These  represents  the  resources  left  over  (either  free  as  in unallocable or
              allocable on their own) after the  tiered  allocation  has  been  completed.   They
              represent  better the actual unallocable resources, because some other resource has
              been exhausted.  For example, the cluster might still have 100GiB  disk  free,  but
              with  no  memory  left  for  instances,  we cannot allocate another instance, so in
              effect the disk space is unallocable.  Note that the CPUs here  represent  instance
              virtual  CPUs,  and in case the --max-cpu option hasn't been specified this will be
              -1.

       ALLOC_USAGE
              The current usage represented as initial number  of  instances  divided  per  final
              number of instances.

       ALLOC_COUNT
              The number of instances allocated (delta between FIN_INST_CNT and INI_INST_CNT).

       ALLOC_FAIL*_CNT
              For  the  last attempt at allocations (which would have increased FIN_INST_CNT with
              one, if it had succeeded), this is the count of the  failure  reasons  per  failure
              type;  currently  defined  are FAILMEM, FAILDISK and FAILCPU which represent errors
              due to not enough memory, disk and CPUs, and FAILN1  which  represents  a  non  N+1
              compliant cluster on which we can't allocate instances at all.

       ALLOC_FAIL_REASON
              The reason for most of the failures, being one of the above FAIL* strings.

       OK     A  marker representing the successful end of the computation, and having value "1".
              If this key is not present in the output it means that the computation  failed  and
              any values present should not be relied upon.

       Many  of  the  INI_/FIN_ metrics will be also displayed with a TRL_ prefix, and denote the
       cluster status at the end of the tiered allocation run.

       The human output format should be self-explanatory, so it is not described further.

OPTIONS

       The options that can be passed to the program are as follows:

       --disk-template template
              Overrides the disk template for the instance read from  the  cluster;  one  of  the
              Ganeti disk templates (e.g.  plain, drbd, so on) should be passed in.

       --spindle-use spindles
              Override  the spindle use for the instance read from the cluster.  The value can be
              0 (for example for instances that use very low I/O), but not negative.  For  shared
              storage the value is ignored.

       --max-cpu=*cpu-ratio*
              The  maximum virtual to physical cpu ratio, as a floating point number greater than
              or equal to one.  For example, specifying cpu-ratio as 2.5 means that, for a  4-cpu
              machine,  a  maximum  of 10 virtual cpus should be allowed to be in use for primary
              instances.  A value of exactly one means there will be no over-subscription of  CPU
              (except for the CPU time used by the node itself), and values below one do not make
              sense, as that means other resources (e.g.  disk) won't be fully  utilised  due  to
              CPU restrictions.

       --min-disk=*disk-ratio*
              The  minimum  amount of free disk space remaining, as a floating point number.  For
              example, specifying disk-ratio as 0.25 means that at  least  one  quarter  of  disk
              space should be left free on nodes.

       --independent-groups
              Consider  all  groups  independent.   That  is,  if a node that is not N+1 happy is
              found, ignore its group, but still do allocation in the other groups.  The  default
              is to not try allocation at all, if some not N+1 happy node is found.

       --accept-existing-errors
              This is a strengthened form of --independent-groups.  It tells hspace to ignore the
              presence of not N+1 happy nodes and  just  allocate  on  all  other  nodes  without
              introducing new N+1 violations.  Note that this tends to overestimate the capacity,
              as instances still have to be moved away from the existing not N+1 happy nodes.

       --no-capacity-checks
              Normally, hspace will only consider those allocations where all instances of a node
              can  immediately  restarted  should that node fail.  With this option given, hspace
              will check only N+1 redundancy for DRBD instances.

       -l rounds, --max-length=*rounds*
              Restrict the number of instance allocations to  this  length.   This  is  not  very
              useful  in  practice,  but  can  be used for testing hspace itself, or to limit the
              runtime for very big clusters.

       -p, --print-nodes
              Prints the before and after node status, in a format designed to allow the user  to
              understand  the  node's  most important parameters.  See the man page htools(1) for
              more details about this option.

       -O name
              This option (which can be given multiple times) will mark nodes as  being  offline.
              This means a couple of things:

              • instances won't be placed on these nodes, not even temporarily; e.g.  the replace
                primary move is not available if the secondary node is offline, since  this  move
                requires a failover.

              • these  nodes  will  not  be  included  in  the  score calculation (except for the
                percentage of instances on offline nodes)

              Note that the algorithm will also mark as offline any nodes which are  reported  by
              RAPI as such, or that have "?" in file-based input in any numeric fields.

       -S filename, --save-cluster=*filename*
              If  given, the state of the cluster at the end of the allocation is saved to a file
              named filename.alloc, and if tiered allocation is enabled, the state  after  tiered
              allocation  will  be  saved to filename.tiered.  This allows re-feeding the cluster
              state to either hspace itself (with different parameters) or for example hbal,  via
              the -t option.

       -t datafile, --text-data=*datafile*
              Backend  specification:  the name of the file holding node and instance information
              (if not collecting via RAPI or LUXI).  This or one of the other  backends  must  be
              selected.  The option is described in the man page htools(1).

       -m cluster
              Backend  specification: collect data directly from the cluster given as an argument
              via RAPI.  The option is described in the man page htools(1).

       -L [path]
              Backend specification: collect data directly from the master daemon, which is to be
              contacted  via  LUXI (an internal Ganeti protocol).  The option is described in the
              man page htools(1).

       --simulate description
              Backend specification: similar to the -t option, this allows overriding the cluster
              data with a simulated cluster.  For details about the description, see the man page
              htools(1).

       --standard-alloc disk,ram,cpu
              This option overrides the instance size read from  the  cluster  for  the  standard
              allocation  mode,  where we simply allocate instances of the same, fixed size until
              the cluster runs out of space.

              The specification given is similar to the --simulate option and it holds:

              • the disk size of the instance (units can be used)

              • the memory size of the instance (units can be used)

              • the vcpu count for the instance

              An example description would be 100G,4g,2 describing an instance  specification  of
              100GB of disk space, 4GiB of memory and 2 VCPUs.

       --tiered-alloc disk,ram,cpu
              This  option  overrides  the instance size for the tiered allocation mode.  In this
              mode, the algorithm starts from the given specification and allocates  until  there
              is  no  more  space;  then  it decreases the specification and tries the allocation
              again.  The decrease is done on the metric that last failed during allocation.  The
              argument should have the same format as for --standard-alloc.

              Also note that the normal allocation and the tiered allocation are independent, and
              both start from the initial cluster state; as such, the instance  count  for  these
              two modes are not related one to another.

       --machine-readable[=*choice*]
              By  default,  the  output  of the program is in "human-readable" format, i.e.  text
              descriptions.  By passing this flag you can either  enable  (--machine-readable  or
              --machine-readable=yes)  or  explicitly disable (--machine-readable=no) the machine
              readable format described above.

       -v, --verbose
              Increase the output verbosity.   Each  usage  of  this  option  will  increase  the
              verbosity (currently more than 2 doesn't make sense) from the default of one.

       -q, --quiet
              Decrease  the  output  verbosity.   Each  usage  of  this  option will decrease the
              verbosity (less than zero doesn't make sense) from the default of one.

       -V, --version
              Just show the program version and exit.

   UNITS
       By default, all unit-accepting options use mebibytes.  Using the lower-case letters of  m,
       g  and  t  (or  their  longer equivalents of mib, gib, tib, for which case doesn't matter)
       explicit binary units can be selected.  Units in the SI system can be selected  using  the
       upper-case  letters  of  M,  G and T (or their longer equivalents of MB, GB, TB, for which
       case doesn't matter).

       More details about the difference between the SI and binary systems can  be  read  in  the
       units(7) man page.

EXIT STATUS

       The exist status of the command will be zero, unless for some reason the algorithm fatally
       failed (e.g.  wrong node or instance data).

BUGS

       The algorithm is highly dependent on the number of nodes; its runtime grows  exponentially
       with this number, and as such is impractical for really big clusters.

       The  algorithm  doesn't  rebalance  the  cluster  or  try  to get the optimal fit; it just
       allocates in the best place for the current step, without taking  into  consideration  the
       impact on future placements.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report  bugs  to  the project's issue tracker (https://github.com/ganeti/ganeti/issues) or
       contact the developers using the Ganeti mailing list.

SEE ALSO

       Ganeti overview and specifications: ganeti(7) (general  overview),  ganeti-os-interface(7)
       (guest OS definitions), ganeti-extstorage-interface(7) (external storage providers).

       Ganeti   commands:   gnt-cluster(8)   (cluster-wide   commands),  gnt-job(8)  (job-related
       commands), gnt-node(8) (node-related commands), gnt-instance(8) (instance commands),  gnt-
       os(8)  (guest  OS  commands),  gnt-storage(8) (storage commands), gnt-group(8) (node group
       commands), gnt-backup(8) (instance import/export commands), gnt-debug(8) (debug commands).

       Ganeti daemons: ganeti-watcher(8) (automatic instance restarter),  ganeti-cleaner(8)  (job
       queue cleaner), ganeti-noded(8) (node daemon), ganeti-rapi(8) (remote API daemon).

       Ganeti htools: htools(1) (generic binary), hbal(1) (cluster balancer), hspace(1) (capacity
       calculation), hail(1) (IAllocator plugin), hscan(1) (data gatherer from remote  clusters),
       hinfo(1) (cluster information printer), mon-collector(7) (data collectors interface).

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       provided with the distribution.

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