Provided by: weplab_0.1.5-6_amd64 bug

NAME

       weplab - Wireless WEP encryption security analyzer

SYNOPSIS

       weplab {-a | -r | -b | -y | -c} [options] {pcap file}

DESCRIPTION

       weplab  is  a  tool  to review the security of WEP encryption in wireless networks from an
       educational point of view.  Several attacks are available (including advanced  statistical
       attacks) so it can be measured the effectiveness and minimum requirements of each one.

       On  the  other hand, weplab can also be saw as an advanced Wireless WEP encryption cracker
       that aims to support a big variety of attacks. At the moment  the  attacks  supported  are
       dictionary based, bruteforce and several kind of statistical based.

OPTIONS

       -a, --analyze
              Analyzes  specific  file  and  gathers  some  statistics about the packets that are
              stored per detected wlan network.

       -c, --capture
              Uses a wlan interface to  capture  wep  encrypted  data  packets.   Those  captured
              packets  will  be  logged into a file in pcap format and can be used later to crack
              the key.

       -b, --bruteforce
              Launches a bruteforce attack to break the key. That means that weplab will test all
              possible keys in order to find the right one.

              Please, that this can take lot of time depending on the key size and your processor
              speed. Refer to Bruteforce method above in this document for further information.

              If no BSSID was specified, those packets who belong to  the  same  network  as  the
              first one, will be used for the crack.

       -r, --heuristics
              Launches  an  statistical  attack  to  break the key. This is the fastest method to
              crack the key if you own enough packets. As an example a 64-bit key can  be  broken
              from  100.000  packets,  and  a 128-bit key from 300.000 packets, within 1-2 hours.
              With enough packets (lets say 900.000), the cracking time is matter of seconds.

              Several statistical attacks will be used depending on the selected stability  level
              (3  by  default). The processor time and number of packets required, highly depends
              on the parameters used to launch the attack.

              This method is very advanced. You are fully encouraged to understand it reading its
              section  on  this  document.  Although it use to work fine with default options and
              having, enough packets, its better to understand how it works so you can tweak  the
              procedure using the appropriate parameters.

              If  no  BSSID  was  specified,  those packets who belong to the same network as the
              first one, will be used for the crack.

       -y, --dictionary
              Launches a dictionary based attack to break the key.

              Many WEP keys are derived from pass-phrases, entered by the network  administrator.
              When,  this  happens  and  you  do  not have enough packets to launch a statistical
              attack, it is better to use a dictionary based cracking than a bruteforce approach.

              On dictionary attack, John the Ripper is used to generate  the  words  that  weplab
              will use to derive the WEP key. So, John the Ripper must be present and executed so
              its output is piped into weplabs input. In  the  EXAMPLES  section  you  will  find
              several examples about that.

              If  no  BSSID  was  specified,  those packets who belong to the same network as the
              first one, will be used for the crack.

       -k, --key <key_length>
              Specify the key length. It can be either 64 or 128-bit

              This option is only useful within a cracking method, so -y, -r or -b must  be  used
              in conjuntion with it.

              Default: 64 bits.

       --keyid <key_id>
              Specify the key id for 64-bit keys.

              For  64-bit  keys  the  WEP  standard specifies four possible keys, each one with a
              different keyid (0-3). Usually only keyid 0 is used, but if you hit a network  with
              more  keyids  you will need to use this option to specify one of them, and launch a
              separate cracking attack for each one.

              Default: 0

       --fcs  Specify the presence of a 1 byte FCS tail on all logged packets

              Depending on your driver and how did you set your card into monitor mode  ,  it  is
              possible than logged packets have an additional tail of 1 byte length.

              Best  way  to find out if your card/drivers needs this, is trying to break your own
              network. This way, as you already know the key, if it does not get cracked  without
              FCS, try with it.

              This  option  is only useful within a cracking method, so -y, -r or -b must be used
              in conjuntion with it.

              Default: fcs not present.

       --prismheader
              Specify the presence of an special header called PrismHeader on all logged packets

              Depending on your driver and how did you set your card into monitor mode  ,  it  is
              possible than logged packets have an additional header of 144 bytes length.

              If  you  want  to know if you need it or not, just analyze the file with weplab. If
              prismheader is not necessary it will tell you. If it is necessary, you will see lot
              of bogus BSSIDs, and no adversice about not using prismehader

              Anyway, cracking your own WEP key is the best method to know if you need it or not.

              This  option  is only useful within a cracking method, so -y, -r or -b must be used
              in conjuntion with it. From weplab 0.1.2 you will also need to specify it  with  -a
              in order weplab to show you the right BSSIDs found.

              Default: prismheader not present.

       --bssid <bssid_in_hex>
              Only use those packets that belongs to the selected BSSID.

              BSSID must be in the form of AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

              If  BSSID is not specified only those packets, that belong to the same BSSID as the
              first one, will be used

              Use -a with your file if you want to see all detected BSSIDs

              This option is only useful within a cracking method, so -y, -r or -b must  be  used
              in conjuntion with it.

              Default: none

       --caplen <amount>
              Specify the amount of bytes that will be logged for each packets.

              In  order  to  launch  an  attack  only  a few number of packets (10) must be fully
              logged. For the statistical attacks, only the first  bytes  of  other  packets  are
              needed.

              In  order  to  save diskspace when logging packets for the statistical attack, only
              the beginning of the packet should be logged

              If you specify 0 here, the whole packet will be logged.

              Please, notice that you will need to capture at least 10 packets behind this amount
              (fully  logged  packets),  as they will be needed for testing candidate keys within
              the cracking process.

              Default: 1500

       -i <interface>
              Specifies the wireless interface that will be used to capture packets.

              weplab does not set the interface into monitor mode, so you  must  do  it  yourself
              before capturing packets. Read the above to learn how to do it.

       -m, --multiprocess <number>
              Specifies  the  number  of  threads  that  will  be  launched  to take advantage of
              multiprocessors systems. If your microprocessor supports hyperthreading please  use
              the double of number of microprocessors.

              For  example,  use  -m  4 if you own a dual P4 hyperthreading and -m 2 if you own a
              dual processor P-II machine.

              At the moment this option does only work on bruteforce attack.

              Default: 1

       --ascii
              When launching a bruteforce attack, it is faster to search only ascii bytes if  you
              are  sure  that  the  WEP  key  was  generating  from  a  pass  phrase  using ascii
              direct-mapping.

              This way, each key byte will only be tested in the range of 00-3F. As the key-space
              is smaller the attack is faster.

       --perc <probability>
              Specify  the desired minimum probability for the statistical attack.  It means that
              at least enough candidate key bytes will be tested to fit this probability.

              In order to fully understand this option you are encouraged to read  carefully  the
              "Statistical Attacks" caption, above in this document.

              Please  note  that  the higher the minimum probability the slowest the attack.  For
              most cases 50% is fine. You can increase to 60 or 70% if you get the KEY NOT  FOUND
              with 50, but never increase it to 100% because you will be waiting for ever.

       --stability <level>
              Specify  the  predefined set of statistical attacks based on their stability level.
              Not all the statistical attacks are stable (works fine) your  every  key.  Some  of
              them  are  more unstable than others.  This options allows you to launch only those
              attacks that meets the specified stability level.

              Level can be from 1 to 5. The highest the more stable. I do not recommend you to go
              for  level 1 because it is too unstable to give you any results. By default level 3
              is used. It is a good idea to change into level 2 if you have little unique IV  and
              cracking with level 3 failed.

              In  the Statistical Attack caption, you will find a detailed list of the 17 attacks
              implemented with the stability level of each one.

       --attacks #attack1,#attack2,#attack2
              This is the other way to select the statistical  attacks  that  will  be  launched,
              without  using  --stability parameter. Only those attacks, whose number is selected
              here, will be used in the statistical procedure.

              The number of the attacks go from 1 to 17. Please, refer to the Statistical Attacks
              section for further information.

       --debugkey <key>
              if  you  want  to test how a set of statistical attacks works with a known WEP key,
              then this parameter will give you the opportunity to get the final  result  without
              going trhow all the possible branches.

              Using  this  option  you tell weplab about the WEP key used to encrypt the packets.
              Only the real branch will be followed and you will get the candidate list for  each
              key byte.

       -V     Outputs version information and exists.

       -h     Displays command line parameters help.

INSTALLATION

       weplab  does not need any special installation. It runs in userlevel and only requires the
       libpcap libraries (>=0.8) to be present.  For most functions weplab can be executed by any
       user, however for packet capture functionality it must be executed by root.

       if  you  are  installing  it from source code distribution, the configure script should be
       able to detect your processor type to optimize the code specifically for your platform.

       At least 128 MB of free RAM memory are required to run FMS statistical attack  in  weplab,
       64 MB of free ram for capturing packets, and nothing special for the other features.

       Weplab is reported to work fine under GNU/Linux for intel, GNU/Linux for PPC and MacOSX.

       Windows  version  cannot  capture packets due to the lack of a opensource method to do it,
       but its other features works fine. Please read  Windows  Platform  section  under  Capture
       Packets caption for further information about how to deal with this issue under Windows.

CAPTURING PACKETS

       First  you  will  need to capture 802.11b encrypted packets to crack the wep key.  The way
       weplab cracks the key is using passive attacks to an already captured packet set.

       To capture encrypted packets in a wireless network, your wireless  card  must  be  put  in
       monitor  mode.  The  way monitor mode is set is highly dependent on which card do you own,
       and which drivers are you using.

       Explaining how to set monitor mode in your card is beyond the scope of this document,  and
       sometimes  involves  patching  the  kernel  or  "hacking"  the drivers. As an example, the
       following steps should be done in order to set monitor mode on a prism2 based  card  using
       wlan-ng drivers.

       Initialization of the card.
              prism2 and wlan-ng

              wlanctl-ng wlan0 lnxreq_ifstate ifstate=enable

              wlanctl-ng wlan0 lnxreq_autojoin ssid=any authtype=opensystem

              orinoco : nothing special

       Enable the interface (wlan0 in the example, just change to eth0 if using orinoco)
              ifconfig wlan0 up

       Setting monitor mode on desired channel (6 in the example).
              prism2 and wlan-ng

              wlanctl-ng  wlan0  lnxreq_wlansniff channel=06 keepwepflags=false prismheader=false
              enable=true (I don't know why, but sometimes this step must be taken twice :) )

              orinoco and iwpriv

              iwpriv eth0 monitor 2 6

       There are a few things that must be done regardless of the card and drivers used.

       1. The wireless card placed in monitor mode should accept encrypted packets and mark  them
       as encrypted. In the example above, that's the purpose of the option keepwepflags=false in
       third step.

       2. The interface must be enabled (up)

       3. If your card is appending prism header or fcs "tail" to the packets, weplab needs to be
       told  about  it  (with  --fcs or --prismheader). Determining if this is necessary for your
       hardware will be explained later.

       Now, to capture encrypted packets you can either use weplab, tcpdump, or a similar sniffer
       that logs packets in pcap format.

       To do it with weplab, just use -c. Interface must be specified with -i

       weplab --debug 1 -c -i wlan0 ./packets.log

       There  is  no  need  to  log  the entire packet, just the 802.11 header and the IV, but to
       verify possible candidate keys the whole packet encrypted payload must be present.  That's
       why you must specify two files in weplab when using FMS attack. One file must have just 10
       packets with the whole payload, and the other file contains weak packets that  don't  need
       to have payload logged.

       So,  in  order  to  save  disk  space  it  is  a  good  idea  to log a few packets for key
       verification on one file, and then just log the first bytes of all other possible packets,
       to be used as possible weak packet for FMS attack.

       You can specify maximum captured bytes per packet with --caplen bytes

       weplab  -c  -i  wlan0  --debug  1  ./verification_packets.logweplab  -c -i wlan0 --debug 1
       --caplen 100 ./weak_packets.log

       Alternately, if your disk space is not so critical and you don't mind wasting a few  extra
       seconds on loading the file later, these two steps can be joined into one.

       weplab -c -i wlan0 --debug 1 --caplen 150 ./packets.log

       Then this file can be used both for verification and weak packets.

ANALYZING PCAP FILE

       Before  trying  to  crack the key using the already captured packets, it is a good idea to
       verify the file just to ensure that the packets were logged fine, and there are enough  to
       perform the desired attack.

       weplab --debug 1 -a ./packets.log

       You can try with --prismheader or --fcs, or both.

       weplab   --debug   1  -a  --fcs  ./packets.logweplab  --debug  1  -a  --prismheader  --fcs
       ./packets.log

       As explained above, prismheader is an special header that some cards and  drivers  add  to
       all  captured  packets,  and  fcs is an special tail added to the captured packets by some
       drivers.  You can determine if your card/drivers needs --fcs or  --prismheaders  by  using
       the  FMS  attack  together with --debugkey and a set of encrypted packets captured by your
       card where the wep key is known. This is explained later in the FMS attack section.

WEP KEY CRACKING.

       At the moment weplab supports 2 main cracking  methods:  bruteforce  and  FMS  statistical
       attack.  Before selecting the cracking method, the keysize should be specified. By default
       the keysize is 64.  To crack a 128-bit key, you must specify --key 128

BRUTEFORCE CRACKING.

       Bruteforce cracking means testing all possible keys to find the  right  one.   That  means
       that each key byte can take values from 0 to 255. So a quick calculus will reveal that for
       a 64 bits key the total combinations are 2^40, so at 100.000 c/s  cracking  the  key  will
       take you 4100061318 seconds maximum. 127 days working full time.

       With  a 128-bit key the total combinations possible are 2^104, so at 100.000 c/s the total
       maximum amount of time will be 6520836420927105974 YEARS!!  I guess you will never try  to
       launch  a bruteforce attack to a 128-bit key.  Anyway, weplab gives you the possibility to
       do it ;)

       You will need at least 10 full wep encrypted data captured packets in order  to  launch  a
       bruteforce attack avoiding false positives.

DICTIONARY CRACKING

       Guess  what  ? Users often use simple words as their WEP key. The dictionary cracking mode
       gives you the ability to check if the WEP key isn't a so-simple-to-guess word. Using  this
       mode in addition to John-the-Ripper could produce some useful results.

       Weplab  reads the dictionary words from STDIN, so if you want statistics, you want be able
       to press SPACE. However, you'll have statistics printed on STDOUT every 10 seconds.

       Dictionary cracking can use two different modes :

       By default the classical algorithm (MD5 for 128 bits keys or one of 4  keys  for  40  bits
       keys)  it  is  used.  This  mode  is  widely used on Access Points to generate keys from a
       passphrase.

       Alternatively you can select Word to key with the "--attack 2" option if you  want  weplab
       to  use plaintext keys with NULL bytes appended (if needed) at the end of each word to fit
       the WEP key size.  This second mode is used on my system when  I  configure  the  WEP  key
       using "iwconfig eth0 s:silly".

FMS STATISTICAL ATTACK

       Wireless  networks  WEP  encryption  is based on RC4 algorithm. RC4 has some weaknesses as
       Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir described in  2001  with  the  paper  "Weaknesses  in  the  Key
       Scheduling  Algorithm  of  RC4".  The  specific implementation of the RC4 algorithm in WEP
       makes possible its practical use. The initials of the authors gave  it  the  name  of  FMS
       statistical cryptoanalysis.

       In  order  to  make this attack possible for breaking the encryption of wireless networks,
       lots of specific data wep encrypted packets, called weak packets, must be  gathered.  Soon
       after the paper was published, two tools appeared that implemented the FMS attack, but the
       set of weak packets that these tools use is just a small subset of the total possible weak
       packets. As a result, the attack was not as practical to launch as it should be.

       In  February  2002, h1kari released the paper "Practical Exploitation of RC4 Weaknesses in
       WEP Environments". This describes the problem  with  the  set  of  weak  packets  used  by
       existing  tools  and suggest several optimization in the attack like attacking other bytes
       besides the first one. H1kari created a tool called dwepcrack that implements  a  part  of
       these  optimizations, and runs under *BSD. Weplab uses FMS attack supporting the whole set
       of weak packets for attacking both the first and the second byte of the encrypted payload.
       Also  some  bruteforce  and smart probabilistic based decisions are implemented within the
       FMS attack to make it more powerful, especially when you  don't  have  enough  packets  to
       launch a straight-forward attack.

       But apart from that, the main purpose of weplab is to be an educational tool to help users
       understand the existing weaknesses in WEP and how can the be used to break the  encryption
       key. Several command line parameters are implemented with this purpose.

       Also, if you plan to test weplab cracking capacity with your own wireless lan, you can use
       --debugkey. By using this option you tell weplab what your WEP key is (or at least a  part
       of  it),  so weplab will skip all other branches when searching candidate key bytes in FMS
       attack.

NEW STATISTICAL ATTACKS

       New statistical attacks published on Netstumbler forum by Korek. These  new  attacks  make
       possible to crack the key with even less than 500k.

       Many thanks to Korek for this information. All the credit goes to you.

EXAMPLES

       Example 1. Cracking using FMS attack

       You  want  to  test  the tool so you collect 1.5M packets from your own wireless LAN.  You
       just want to know if weplab would be able to crack it.  You can use first  --debugkey.  If
       you are using a 128-bit key the right syntax would be:

       weplab  -r./packets.log  --debugkey 01:02:03:04:05:06:07:08:09:10:11:12:13 --debug 1 --key
       128 ./packets.log

       You should see the statistics and guesses for each byte of the key  so  you  can  see  the
       viability  of  the attack. At the end you should see "key successfully cracked". If you do
       not see such message, perhaps your captured packets have  the  FCS  tail  so  it  will  be
       necessary to issue --fcs

       weplab  -r./packets.log  --debugkey 01:02:03:04:05:06:07:08:09:10:11:12:13 --fcs --debug 1
       --key 128 ./packets.log

       Now can try with just a part of the key in debugkey. If the FMS  is  possible  with  these
       packets, weplab should be able to crack the key using just these bytes.

       weplab   -r./packets.log   --debugkey   01:02:03:04:05:06   --fcs   --debug  1  --key  128
       ./packets.log

       If it works you can try reducing the debugkey more.  At  the  end  you  can  try  with  no
       debugkey at all, as if it were a real attack.

       You can push ENTER key in any moment to get statistics of the work done.

       Example 2. Cracking using bruteforce

       To crack a 64-bit key using normal bruteforce just issue the following command.

       weplab --debug 1 --key 64 ./packets.log

       If you suspect that the key may be in plain ascii, do this:

       weplab --debug 1 --key 64 --ascii ./packets.log

       You can push ENTER key at any moment to get statistics of the work done.

       Example 3. Capturing packets.

       In  order  to  capture  packets  you have to put your wireless card in monitor mode in the
       right channel.  Be careful to configure monitor mode to ignore WEP  bit.   Once  you  have
       your card in monitor mode, you can capture packets using tcpdump or weplab -c -i interface

       weplab -c -i wlan0 --debug 1 --caplen 150 ./packets.log

       You can push ENTER key at any moment to get statistics of the work done.

       Example 4. Analyze an existing pcap file.

       Weplab  can  also  analyze  a  pcap  file to the some statistics. Use -a for this purpose.
       --prismheader --fcs can also be used.

       weplab -a --debug 1 ./pcap.log

       Example 5. Cracking a 64 WEP key using a dictionary file with John the Ripper

       john -w:/path/to/my/big/dictionaryfile -rules -stdout | weplab -y -d 1 --key 64 capt.dump

VERSION

       This man page is correct for version 0.1.3 of weplab

AUTHOR

       weplab was created by Jose Ignacio Sanchez - Topo[LB].

       However other people have made contributions to the project. In the  AUTHORS  file  within
       the distribution package, you will find them.

       Any  new  contribution  in form of documentation translation, new feature development, bug
       fixing, and so on, will be welcome

                                                                                        weplab(1)