Ubuntu Manpage: btrfs-device - manage devices of btrfs filesystems

NAME

       btrfs-device - manage devices of btrfs filesystems

SYNOPSIS

       btrfs device <subcommand> <args>

DESCRIPTION

       The btrfs device command group is used to manage devices of the btrfs filesystems.

DEVICE MANAGEMENT

SUBCOMMAND

add [-Kf] <device> [<device>...] <path>
Add device(s) to the filesystem identified by path.

If applicable, a whole device discard (TRIM) operation is performed prior to adding
the device. A device with existing filesystem detected by blkid(8) will prevent
device addition and has to be forced. Alternatively the filesystem can be wiped
from the device using e.g. the wipefs(8) tool.

The operation is instant and does not affect existing data. The operation merely
adds the device to the filesystem structures and creates some block groups headers.

Options

-K|--nodiscard
do not perform discard (TRIM) by default

-f|--force
force overwrite of existing filesystem on the given disk(s)

--enqueue
wait if there's another exclusive operation running, otherwise continue

remove [options] <device>|<devid> [<device>|<devid>...] <path>
Remove device(s) from a filesystem identified by <path>

Device removal must satisfy the profile constraints, otherwise the command fails.
The filesystem must be converted to profile(s) that would allow the removal. This
can typically happen when going down from 2 devices to 1 and using the RAID1
profile. See the section TYPICAL USECASES.

The operation can take long as it needs to move all data from the device.

It is possible to delete the device that was used to mount the filesystem. The
device entry in the mount table will be replaced by another device name with the
lowest device id.

If the filesystem is mounted in degraded mode (-o degraded), special term missing
can be used for device. In that case, the first device that is described by the
filesystem metadata, but not present at the mount time will be removed.

NOTE:
In most cases, there is only one missing device in degraded mode, otherwise
mount fails. If there are two or more devices missing (e.g. possible in RAID6),
you need specify missing as many times as the number of missing devices to
remove all of them.

Options

--enqueue
wait if there's another exclusive operation running, otherwise continue

delete <device>|<devid> [<device>|<devid>...] <path>
Alias of remove kept for backward compatibility

replace <command> [options] <path>
Alias of whole command group btrfs replace for convenience. See btrfs-replace(8).

ready <device>
Wait until all devices of a multiple-device filesystem are scanned and registered
within the kernel module. This is to provide a way for automatic filesystem
mounting tools to wait before the mount can start. The device scan is only one of
the preconditions and the mount can fail for other reasons. Normal users usually
do not need this command and may safely ignore it.

scan [options] [<device> [<device>...]]
Scan devices for a btrfs filesystem and register them with the kernel module. This
allows mounting multiple-device filesystem by specifying just one from the whole
group.

If no devices are passed, all block devices that blkid reports to contain btrfs are
scanned.

The options --all-devices or -d can be used as a fallback in case blkid is not
available. If used, behavior is the same as if no devices are passed.

The command can be run repeatedly. Devices that have been already registered remain
as such. Reloading the kernel module will drop this information. There's an
alternative way of mounting multiple-device filesystem without the need for prior
scanning. See the mount option device.

Options

-d|--all-devices
Enumerate and register all devices, use as a fallback in case blkid is not
available.

-u|--forget
Unregister a given device or all stale devices if no path is given, the
device must be unmounted otherwise it's an error.

stats [options] <path>|<device>
Read and print the device IO error statistics for all devices of the given
filesystem identified by path or for a single device>. The filesystem must be
mounted. See section *DEVICE STATS for more information about the reported
statistics and the meaning.

Options

-z|--reset
Print the stats and reset the values to zero afterwards.

-c|--check
Check if the stats are all zeros and return 0 if it is so. Set bit 6 of the
return code if any of the statistics is no-zero. The error values is 65 if
reading stats from at least one device failed, otherwise it's 64.

-T Print stats in a tabular form, devices as rows and stats as columns

usage [options] <path> [<path>...]::
Show detailed information about internal allocations on devices.

The level of detail can differ if the command is run under a regular or the root
user (due to use of restricted ioctls). The first example below is for normal user
(warning included) and the next one with root on the same filesystem:

WARNING: cannot read detailed chunk info, per-device usage will not be shown, run as root
/dev/sdc1, ID: 1
Device size: 931.51GiB
Device slack: 0.00B
Unallocated: 931.51GiB

/dev/sdc1, ID: 1
Device size: 931.51GiB
Device slack: 0.00B
Data,single: 641.00GiB
Data,RAID0/3: 1.00GiB
Metadata,single: 19.00GiB
System,single: 32.00MiB
Unallocated: 271.48GiB

• Device size -- size of the device as seen by the filesystem (may be different
than actual device size)

• Device slack -- portion of device not used by the filesystem but still available
in the physical space provided by the device, e.g. after a device shrink

• Data,single, Metadata,single, System,single -- in general, list of block group
type (Data, Metadata, System) and profile (single, RAID1, ...) allocated on the
device

• Data,RAID0/3 -- in particular, striped profiles RAID0/RAID10/RAID5/RAID6 with the
number of devices on which the stripes are allocated, multiple occurrences of the
same profile can appear in case a new device has been added and all new available
stripes have been used for writes

• Unallocated -- remaining space that the filesystem can still use for new block
groups

Options

-b|--raw
raw numbers in bytes, without the B suffix

-h|--human-readable
print human friendly numbers, base 1024, this is the default

-H print human friendly numbers, base 1000

--iec select the 1024 base for the following options, according to the IEC
standard

--si select the 1000 base for the following options, according to the SI standard

-k|--kbytes
show sizes in KiB, or kB with --si

-m|--mbytes
show sizes in MiB, or MB with --si

-g|--gbytes
show sizes in GiB, or GB with --si

-t|--tbytes
show sizes in TiB, or TB with --si

If conflicting options are passed, the last one takes precedence.

DEVICE STATS

The device stats keep persistent record of several error classes related to doing IO. The
current values are printed at mount time and updated during filesystem lifetime or from a
scrub run.

$ btrfs device stats /dev/sda3
[/dev/sda3].write_io_errs 0
[/dev/sda3].read_io_errs 0
[/dev/sda3].flush_io_errs 0
[/dev/sda3].corruption_errs 0
[/dev/sda3].generation_errs 0

write_io_errs
Failed writes to the block devices, means that the layers beneath the filesystem
were not able to satisfy the write request.

read_io_errors
Read request analogy to write_io_errs.

flush_io_errs
Number of failed writes with the FLUSH flag set. The flushing is a method of
forcing a particular order between write requests and is crucial for implementing
crash consistency. In case of btrfs, all the metadata blocks must be permanently
stored on the block device before the superblock is written.

corruption_errs
A block checksum mismatched or a corrupted metadata header was found.

generation_errs
The block generation does not match the expected value (e.g. stored in the parent
node).

Since kernel 5.14 the device stats are also available in textual form in
/sys/fs/btrfs/FSID/devinfo/DEVID/error_stats.

EXIT STATUS

       btrfs device returns a zero exit status if it succeeds. Non zero is returned  in  case  of
       failure.

       If  the -c option is used, btrfs device stats will add 64 to the exit status if any of the
       error counters is non-zero.

AVAILABILITY

       btrfs   is   part   of   btrfs-progs.    Please   refer   to    the    documentation    at
       https://btrfs.readthedocs.io or wiki http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for further information.

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

DEVICE MANAGEMENT

SUBCOMMAND

DEVICE STATS

EXIT STATUS

AVAILABILITY

SEE ALSO