Provided by: grokj2k-tools_10.0.5-1_amd64 
NAME
grk_compress - compresses images to JPEG 2000 format
SYNOPSIS
grk_compress [-i infile.bmp] [-o outfile.j2k]
DESCRIPTION
This program converts non-JPEG 2000 images to the JPEG 2000 format.
• Supported input formats: JPEG, BMP, PNM, PGX, PNG, RAW, RAWL and TIFF
• Supported input image extensions: jpg, .jpeg, .bmp, .pgm, .pgx, .pnm, .ppm, .pam, .png,
.raw, .rawl, .tif and .tiff
• Supported output formats: JP2 and J2K/J2C
• Supported output image extensions: .jp2 and .j2k/.j2c
• For PNG the library must have libpng available.
• For TIF/TIFF the library must have libtiff available.
• For JPG/JPEG the library must have a libjpeg variant available.
limitations
• grk_compress supports up to and including 16 bit sample precision for input images.
This is a subset of the ISO standard, which allows up to 38 bit precision.
stdin
Input from stdin is supported for the following formats: PNG, JPG, RAW and RAWL. To read
from stdin, make sure that the -i parameter is not present, and that the -in_fmt parameter
is set to one of the supported formats listed above.
Embedded ICC Profile (JP2 Only)
If there is an embedded ICC profile in the input file, then the profile will be stored in
the compressed file.
IPTC (JP2 Only)
If an input TIF/TIFF file contains IPTC metadata, this metadata will be stored in the
compressed file.
XMP (JP2 Only)
If an input TIF/TIFF or PNG file contains XMP metadata, this metadata will be stored in
the compressed file.
Exif (JP2 only)
To transfer Exif and all other meta-data tags, use the command line argument -V described
below. To transfer the tags, Grok uses the wonderful ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/)
Perl module. ExifTool must be installed for this command line argument to work properly.
Note: transferring Exif tags may add a few hundred ms to the decompress time, depending on
the system.
When only the input and output files are specified, the following default option values
are used:
* lossless compression
* reversible DWT 5-3
* single quality layer
* single tile
* precinct size : 2^15 x 2^15 (i.e. only 1 precinct)
* code block dimensions : 64 x 64
* number of resolutions (i.e. DWT decomposition levels + 1) : 6
* no SOP markers
* no EPH markers
* default encode mode
* progression order : `LRCP`
* no ROI up-shifted
* no image origin offset
* no tile origin offset
Important note on command line argument notation below: the outer square braces appear for
clarity only, and should not be included in the actual command line argument. Square
braces appearing inside the outer braces should be included.
Options
-h, -help
Print a help message and exit.
-version
Print library version and exit.
-v, -verbose
Output information and warnings about encoding to console (errors are always output).
Default is false i.e. console is silent by default.
-i, -in_file [file]
Input file. Either this argument or the -in_dir argument described below is required.
See above for supported input formats.
• PNG requires libpng while TIF/TIFF requires libtiff
• JPG requires libjpeg (or libjpeg-turbo), and only 8 bit precision is supported
• For BMP format, the coder accepts 24 bits color images and 8 bits (RLE or no-RLE) images
• TIF files can have up to 16 bits per component.
• For RAW or RAWL (RAW Little endian) images, the -F parameter must be used (see below).
In the case of raw images with a component depth value between 9 and 16 bits, each
component’s data must be stored on two bytes (RAW format assumes big endian-ness, RAWL
assumes little endian-ness) When using this option, the output file must be specified
using -o.
-o, -out_file [file]
Output file. Required when using -i option. Valid output image extensions are J2K, JP2
and J2C.
-y, -in_dir [input directory]
Path to the folder where the images to be compressed are stored. Either this argument or
the -i argument described above is required. When image files are in the same directory
as the executable, this can be indicated by a dot . argument. When using this option,
output format must be specified using -O.
-a, -out_dir [output directory]
Output directory where compressed files are stored. Only relevant when the -in_dir flag
is set. Default: same directory as specified by -y.
-O, -out_fmt [J2K|J2C|JP2]
Output format used to compress the images read from the directory specified with -in_dir.
Required when -in_dir option is used. Supported formats are J2K, J2C, and JP2.
-K, -in_fmt [pbm|pgm|ppm|pnm|pam|pgx|png|bmp|tif|raw|rawl|jpg]
Input format. Will override file tag.
-F, -raw [width,height,number of components,bit depth,[s,u]@<dx1>x<dy1>:...:<dxn>x<dyn>]
Raw input image characteristics. Required only if RAW or RAWL (RAW little endian) input
file is provided. Note: If sub-sampling is omitted, 1x1 is assumed for all components.
Example of a raw 512x512 unsigned image with 4:2:0 sub-sampling
-F 512,512,3,8,u@1x1:2x2:2x2
-A, -rate_control_algorithm [0|1]
Select algorithm used for rate control. * 0: Bisection search for optimal threshold using
all code passes in code blocks. Slightly higher PSNR than algorithm 1. * 1: Bisection
search for optimal threshold using only feasible truncation points, on convex hull
(default). Faster than algorithm 0.
-r, -compression_ratios [<compression ratio>,<compression ratio>,...]
Note: not supported for Part 15 (HTJ2K) compression
Compression ratio values (double precision, greater than or equal to one). Each value is
a factor of compression, thus 20 means 20 times compressed. Each value represents a
quality layer. The order used to define the different levels of compression is important
and must be from left to right in descending order. A final lossless quality layer
(including all remaining code passes) will be signified by the value 1. Default: 1 single
lossless quality layer.
-q, -quality [quality in dB,quality in dB,...]
Note: not supported for Part 15 (HTJ2K) compression
Quality values (double precision, greater than or equal to zero). Each value is a PSNR
measure, given in dB, representing a quality layer. The order used to define the
different PSNR values is important and must be from left to right in ascending order. A
value of 0 signifies a final lossless quality layer (including all remaining code passes)
Default: 1 single lossless quality layer.
-n, -num_resolutions [number of resolutions]
Number of resolutions. It corresponds to the number of DWT decompositions +1. Default:
6.
-b, -code_block_dims [code block width,code block height]
Code-block size. The dimension must respect the constraint defined in the JPEG-2000
standard (no dimension smaller than 4 or greater than 1024, no code-block with more than
4096 coefficients). The maximum value authorized is 64x64. Default: 64x64.
-c, -precinct_dims [ [prec width,prec height],[prec width,prec height],... ]
Precinct dimensions. Dimensions specified must be powers of 2. Multiple records may be
specified, in which case the first record refers to the highest resolution level and
subsequent records refer to lower resolution levels. The last specified record’s
dimensions are progressively right-shifted (halved in size) for each remaining lower
resolution level. Default: 2^15x2^15 at each resolution i.e. precincts are not used.
Note: the inner square brackets must actually be present.
Example for image with 6 resolutions :
-c [256,256],[256,256],[256,256],[256,256],[256,256],[256,256]
-t, -tile_dims [tile width,tile height]
Tile size. Default: the dimension of the whole image, thus only one tile.
-L, -PLT
Use PLT markers. Default: off
-X, -TLM
Use TLM markers. Default: off
-I, -irreversible
Irreversible compression (ICT + DWT 9-7). This option enables the Irreversible Color
Transformation (ICT) in place of the Reversible Color Transformation (RCT) and the
irreversible DWT 9-7 in place of the 5-3 filter. Default: off.
-p, -progression_order [progression order]
Progression order. The five progression orders are : LRCP, RLCP, RPCL, PCRL and CPRL.
Default: LRCP.
-Z, -rsiz [rsiz]
Profile, main level, sub level and version. Note: this flag will be ignored if cinema
profile flags are used.
-N, -guard_bits [number of guard bits]
Number of guard bits to use in block coder. Must be between 0 and 7.
-w, -cinema2K [24|48]
2K digital cinema profile. This option generates a codes stream compliant with the DCI
specifications for 2K resolution content. The value given is the frame rate, which can be
either 24 or 48 fps. The main specifications of the JPEG 2000 Profile-3 (2K Digital
Cinema Profile) are:
• Image size = 2048 x 1080 (at least one of the dimensions should match 2048 x 1080)
• Single tile
• Wavelet transform levels = Maximum of 5
• Wavelet filter = 9-7 filter
• Codeblock size = 32 x 32
• Precinct size = 128 x 128 (Lowest frequency sub-band), 256 x 256 (other sub-bands)
• Maximum Bit rate for entire frame = 1302083 bytes for 24 fps, 651041 bytes for 48fps
• Maximum Bit rate for each color component= 1041666 bytes for 24 fps, 520833 bytes for
48fps
• Tile parts = 3; Each tile part contains data necessary to decompress one 2K color
component
• 12 bits per component.
-x, -cinema4k
4K digital cinema profile. This option generates a code stream compliant with the DCI
specifications for 4K resolution content. The value given is the frame rate, which can be
either 24 or 48 fps. The main specifications of the JPEG 2000 Profile-4 (4K Digital
Cinema Profile) are:
• Image size = 4096 x 2160 (at least one of the dimensions must match 4096 x 2160)
• Single tile * Wavelet transform levels = Maximum of 6 and minimum of 1
• Wavelet filter = 9-7 filter
• Codeblock size = 32 x 32
• Precinct size = 128 x 128 (Lowest frequency sub-band), 256 x 256 (other sub-bands)
• Maximum Bit rate for entire frame = 1302083 bytes for 24 fps
• Maximum Bit rate for each color component= 1041666 bytes for 24 fps
• Tile parts = 6; Each of first 3 tile parts contains data necessary to decompress one 2K
color component, and each of last 3 tile parts contains data necessary to decompress one
4K color component.
• 12 bits per component
-U, -broadcast [PROFILE [,mainlevel=X][,framerate=FPS] ]
Broadcast compliant code stream
• PROFILE must be one of { SINGLE, MULTI, MULTI_R}
• X must be between 0 and 11
• frame rate may be specified to enhance checks and set maximum bit rate when Y > 0. If
specified, it must be positive.
-z, -IMF [PROFILE [,mainlevel=X][,sublevel=Y][,framerate=FPS]] ]
Interoperable Master Format (IMF) compliant codestream.
• PROFILE must be one of { 2K, 4K, 8K, 2K_R, 4K_R, 8K_R}
• X must be between 0 and 11
• Y must be between 0 and 9
• frame rate may be specified to enhance checks and set maximum bit rate when Y > 0. If
specified, it must be positive.
-P, -POC [T<tile number 0>=resolution number start>,component number start,layer number
end,resolution number end,component number end,progression order/T<tile number 1>= ...]
Progression order change. This specifies a list of progression orders and their bounds if
a progression order change is desired. Note: there must be at least two progression
orders specified.
Example: -POC T0=0,0,1,3,2,CPRL/T0=0,0,1,6,3,CPRL
-S, -SOP
SOP marker is added before each packet. Default: no SOP.
-E, -EPH
EPH marker is added after each packet header. Default: no EPH.
-M, -mode [value]
Non-default encode modes. There are 7 modes available. The first six are:
• BYPASS(LAZY) [1]
• RESET [2]
• RESTART(TERMALL) [4]
• VSC [8]
• ERTERM(SEGTERM) [16]
• SEGMARK(SEGSYM) [32]
• HT [64]
and they can be combined together. If more than one mode is used, the values between the
brackets [] must be added together. Default: no mode.
Example : RESTART(4) + RESET(2) + SEGMARK(32) => -M 38
Mode HT [64], for High Throughput encoding, cannot be combined with any of the other
flags.
-u, -tile_parts [R|L|C]
Divide packets of every tile into tile-parts. The division is made by grouping
Resolutions (R), Layers (L) or Components (C). The type of division is specified by
setting the single letter R, L, or C as the value for this flag.
-R, -ROI [c=component index,U=upshifting value]
Quantization indices upshifted for a component.
Warning: This option does not implement the usual ROI (Region of Interest). It should be
understood as a “Component of Interest”. It offers the possibility to upshift the value
of a component during quantization step. The value after c= is the component number [0,
1, 2, ...] and the value after U= is the value of upshifting. U must be in the range [0,
37].
-d, -image_offset [x offset,y offset]
Offset of the image origin. The division in tile could be modified as the anchor point
for tiling will be different than the image origin. Keep in mind that the offset of the
image can not be higher than the tile dimension if the tile option is used. The two
values are respectively for X and Y axis offset. Default: no offset.
-T, -tile_offset [x offset,y offset]
Offset of the tile origin. The two values are respectively for X and Y axis offset. The
tile anchor point can not be inside the image area. Default: no offset.
-Y, -MCT [0|1|2]
Specify explicitly if a Multiple Component Transform has to be used.
• 0: no MCT
• 1: RGB->YCC conversion
• 2: custom MCT.
For custom MCT, -m option has to be used (see below). By default, RGB->YCC conversion is
used if there are three components or more, otherwise no conversion.
-m, -custom_mct [file]
Use custom array-based MCT of 32 bit signed values, comma separated, line-by-line no
specific separators between lines, no space allowed between values. If this option is
used, it automatically sets [-Y|-mct] option equal to 2.
-V, -transfer_exif_tags
Transfer all Exif tags to output file.
Notes:
1. ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/) must be installed for this command line argument to
function correctly.
2. Only supported on Linux. On other platforms, exiftool can be used directly after
compression to transfer tags:
exiftool -TagsFromFile src.tif "-all:all>all:all" dest.jp2
-Q, -capture_res [capture resolution X,capture resolution Y]
Capture resolution in pixels/metre, in double precision.
• If the input image has a resolution stored in its header, then this resolution will be
set as the capture resolution, by default.
• If the -Q command line parameter is set, then it will override the resolution stored in
the input image, if present
• The special values [0,0] for -Q will force the encoder to not store capture resolution,
even if present in input image.
-D, -display_res [display resolution X,display resolution Y]
Display resolution in pixels/metre, in double precision. The special values [0,0] for -D
will force the encoder to set the display resolution equal to the capture resolution.
-C, -comment [comment]
Add <comment> in comment marker segment(s). Multiple comments (up to a total of 256) can
be specified, separated by the | character. For example: -C "This is my first
comment|This is my second will store This is my first comment in the first comment marker
segment, and This is my second in a second comment marker.
-W, -logfile [output file name]
Log to file. File name will be set to output file name
-H, -num_threads [number of threads]
Number of threads used for T1 compression. Default is total number of logical cores.
-J, -duration [duration]
Duration in seconds for a batch compress job. grk_compress will exit when duration has
been reached.
-e, -repetitions [number of repetitions]
Number of repetitions, for either a single image, or a folder of images. Default value is
1. Unlimited repetitions are specified by a value of 0.
FILES
ENVIRONMENT
BUGS
See GitHub Issues: https://github.com/GrokImageCompression/grok/issues
AUTHOR
Grok Image Compression Inc.
SEE ALSO
grk_decompress(1)