Provided by: icecc_1.4-1_amd64 
NAME
icecream - A distributed compile system
DESCRIPTION
Icecream is a distributed compile system for C and C++.
Icecream is created by SUSE and is based on ideas and code by distcc. Like distcc it takes
compile jobs from your build and distributes it to remote machines allowing a parallel
build on several machines you have got. But unlike distcc Icecream uses a central server
that schedules the compile jobs to the fastest free server and is as this dynamic. This
advantage pays off mostly for shared computers, if you are the only user on X machines,
you have full control over them anyway.
HOW TO USE ICECREAM
You need:
• One machine that runs the scheduler (icecc-scheduler -d)
• Many machines that run the daemon (iceccd -d)
If you want to compile using icecream, make sure $prefix/lib/icecc/bin is the first entry
in your path, e.g. type export PATH=/usr/lib/icecc/bin:$PATH (Hint: put this in ~/.bashrc
or /etc/profile to not have to type it in everytime)
Then you just compile with make -j num, where num is the amount of jobs you want to
compile in parallel. Do not exaggerate. Too large numbers can overload your machine or
the compile cluster and make the build in fact slower.
Warning
Never use icecream in untrusted environments. Run the daemons and the scheduler as
unpriviliged user in such networks if you have to! But you will have to rely on
homogeneous networks then (see below).
If you want an overview of your icecream compile cluster, or if you just want funny stats,
you might want to run icemon.
USING ICECREAM IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS
If you are running icecream daemons in the same icecream network but on machines with
incompatible compiler versions, icecream needs to send your build environment to remote
machines (note: they all must be running as root if compiled without libcap-ng support. In
the future icecream might gain the ability to know when machines cannot accept a different
environment, but for now it is all or nothing).
Under normal circumstances this is handled transparently by the icecream daemon, which
will prepare a tarball with the environment when needed. This is the recommended way, as
the daemon will also automatically update the tarball whenever your compiler changes.
If you want to handle this manually for some reason, you have to tell icecream which
environment you are using. Use icecc --build-native to create an archive file containing
all the files necessary to setup the compiler environment. The file will have a random
unique name like ddaea39ca1a7c88522b185eca04da2d8.tar.bz2 per default. Rename it to
something more expressive for your convenience, e.g. i386-3.3.1.tar.bz2. Set
ICECC_VERSION=filename_of_archive_containing_your_environment in the shell environment
where you start the compile jobs and the file will be transferred to the daemons where
your compile jobs run and installed to a chroot environment for executing the compile jobs
in the environment fitting to the environment of the client. This requires that the
icecream daemon runs as root.
CROSS-COMPILING USING ICECREAM
SUSE got quite some good machines not having a processor from Intel or AMD, so icecream is
pretty good in using cross-compiler environments similar to the above way of spreading
compilers. There the ICECC_VERSION variable looks like
<native_filename>(,<platform>:<cross_compiler_filename>)*, for example like this:
/work/9.1-i386.tar.bz2,ia64:/work/9.1-cross-ia64.tar.bz2
How to package such a cross compiler is pretty straightforward if you look what is inside
the tarballs generated by icecc --build-native.
CROSS-COMPILING FOR EMBEDDED TARGETS USING ICECREAM
When building for embedded targets like ARM often you will have a toolchain that runs on
your host and produces code for the target. In these situations you can exploit the power
of icecream as well.
Create symlinks from where icecc is to the name of your cross compilers (e.g.
arm-linux-g++ and arm-linux-gcc), make sure that these symlinks are in the path and before
the path of your toolchain, with $ICECC_CC and $ICECC_CXX you need to tell icecream which
compilers to use for preprocessing and local compiling. e.g. set it to ICECC_CC=arm-linux-
gcc and ICECC_CXX=arm-linux-g++.
As the next step you need to create a .tar.bz2 of your cross compiler, check the result of
build-native to see what needs to be present.
Finally one needs to set ICECC_VERSION and point it to the .tar.bz2 you have created.
When you start compiling your toolchain will be used.
Note
With ICECC_VERSION you point out on which platforms your toolchain runs, you do not
indicate for which target code will be generated.
CROSS-COMPILING FOR MULTIPLE TARGETS IN THE SAME ENVIRONMENT USING ICECREAM
When working with toolchains for multiple targets, icecream can be configured to support
multiple toolchains in the same environment.
Multiple toolchains can be configured by appending =<target> to the tarball filename in
the ICECC_VERSION variable. Where the <target> is the cross compiler prefix. There the
ICECC_VERSION variable will look like
<native_filename>(,<platform>:<cross_compiler_filename>=<target>)*.
Below an example of how to configure icecream to use two toolchains,
/work/toolchain1/bin/arm-eabi-[gcc,g++] and /work/toolchain2/bin/arm-linux-
androideabi-[gcc,g++], for the same host architecture:
• Create symbolic links with the cross compilers names (e.g. arm-eabi-[gcc,g++] and arm-
linux-androideabi-[gcc,g++]) pointing to where the icecc binary is. Make sure these
symbolic links are in the $PATH and before the path of the toolchains.
• Create a tarball file for each toolchain that you want to use with icecream. The
icecc-create-env script can be used to create the tarball file for each toolchain, for
example: icecc-create-env /work/toolchain1/bin/arm-eabi-gcc icecc-create-env
/work/toolchain2/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc.
• Set ICECC_VERSION to point to the native tarball file and for each tarball file created
to the toolchains (e.g ICECC_VERSION=/work/i386-native.tar.gz,/work/arm-eabi-
toolchain1.tar.gz=arm-eabi,/work/arm-linux-androideabi-toolchain2.tar.gz=arm-linux-
androideabi).
With these steps the icecrem will use /work/arm-eabi-toolchain1.tar.gz file to cross
compilers with the prefix arm-eabi (e.g. arm-eabi-gcc and arm-eabi-g++), use
/work/arm-linux-androideabi-toolchain2.tar.gz file to cross compilers with the prefix
arm-linux-androideabi (e.g. arm-linux-androideabi-gcc and arm-linux-androideabi-g++) and
use /work/i386-native.tar.gz file to compilers without prefix, the native compilers.
HOW TO COMBINE ICECREAM WITH ccache
The easiest way to use ccache with icecream is to set CCACHE_PREFIX to icecc (the actual
icecream client wrapper)
export CCACHE_PREFIX=icecc
This will make ccache prefix any compilation command it needs to do with icecc, making it
use icecream for the compilation (but not for preprocessing alone).
To actually use ccache, the mechanism is the same like with using icecream alone. Since
ccache does not provide any symlinks in /opt/ccache/bin, you can create them manually:
mkdir /opt/ccache/bin
ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /opt/ccache/bin/gcc
ln -s /usr/bin/ccache /opt/ccache/bin/g++
And then compile with
export PATH=/opt/ccache/bin:$PATH
Note however that ccache is not really worth the trouble if you are not recompiling your
project three times a day from scratch (it adds quite some overhead in comparing the
preprocessor output and uses quite some disc space and I found a cache hit of 18% a bit
too few, so I disabled it again).
DEBUG OUTPUT
You can use the environment variable ICECC_DEBUG to control if icecream gives debug output
or not. Set it to debug to get debug output. The other possible values are error, warning
and info (the -v option for daemon and scheduler raise the level per -v on the command
line - so use -vvv for full debug).
AVOIDING OLD HOSTS
It is possible that compilation on some hosts fails because they are too old (typically
the kernel on the remote host is too old for the glibc from the local host). Recent
icecream versions should automatically detect this and avoid such hosts when compilation
would fail. If some hosts are running old icecream versions and it is not possible to
upgrade them for some reason, use
export ICECC_IGNORE_UNVERIFIED=1
SOME NUMBERS
Numbers of my test case (some STL C++ genetic algorithm)
• g++ on my machine: 1.6s
• g++ on fast machine: 1.1s
• icecream using my machine as remote machine: 1.9s
• icecream using fast machine: 1.8s
The icecream overhead is quite huge as you might notice, but the compiler cannot
interleave preprocessing with compilation and the file needs to be read/written once more
and in between the file is transferred.
But even if the other computer is faster, using g++ on my local machine is faster. If you
are (for whatever reason) alone in your network at some point, you lose all advantages of
distributed compiling and only add the overhead. So icecream got a special case for local
compilations (the same special meaning that localhost got within $DISTCC_HOSTS). This
makes compiling on my machine using icecream down to 1.7s (the overhead is actually less
than 0.1s in average).
As the scheduler is aware of that meaning, it will prefer your own computer if it is free
and got not less than 70% of the fastest available computer.
Keep in mind, that this affects only the first compile job, the second one is distributed
anyway. So if I had to compile two of my files, I would get
• g++ -j1 on my machine: 3.2s
• g++ -j1 on the fast machine: 2.2s
• using icecream -j2 on my machine: max(1.7,1.8)=1.8s
• (using icecream -j2 on the other machine: max(1.1,1.8)=1.8s)
The math is a bit tricky and depends a lot on the current state of the compilation
network, but make sure you are not blindly assuming make -j2 halves your compilation time.
WHAT IS THE BEST ENVIRONMENT FOR ICECREAM
In most requirements icecream is not special, e.g. it does not matter what distributed
compile system you use, you will not have fun if your nodes are connected through than
less or equal to 10MBit. Note that icecream compresses input and output files (using lzo),
so you can calc with ~1MBit per compile job - i.e. more than make -j10 will not be
possible without delays.
Remember that more machines are only good if you can use massive parallelization, but you
will for sure get the best result if your submitting machine (the one you called g++ on)
will be fast enough to feed the others. Especially if your project consists of many easy
to compile files, the preprocessing and file I/O will be job enough to need a quick
machine.
The scheduler will try to give you the fastest machines available, so even if you add old
machines, they will be used only in exceptional situations, but still you can have bad
luck - the scheduler does not know how long a job will take before it started. So if you
have 3 machines and two quick to compile and one long to compile source file, you are not
safe from a choice where everyone has to wait on the slow machine. Keep that in mind.
NETWORK SETUP FOR ICECREAM (FIREWALLS)
A short overview of the ports icecream requires:
• TCP/10245 on the daemon computers (required)
• TCP/8765 for the the scheduler computer (required)
• TCP/8766 for the telnet interface to the scheduler (optional)
• UDP/8765 for broadcast to find the scheduler (optional)
If the monitor cannot find the scheduler, use ICECC_SCHEDULER=host icemon.
SEE ALSO
icecc-scheduler(1), iceccd(1), icemon(1)
ICECREAM AUTHORS
Stephan Kulow <coolo@suse.de>
Michael Matz <matz@suse.de>
Cornelius Schumacher <cschum@suse.de>
...and various other contributors.
April 21th, 2005 icecream(7)