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NAME
xdr - library routines for external data representation
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS AND DESCRIPTION
These routines allow C programmers to describe arbitrary data structures in a machine-
independent fashion. Data for remote procedure calls are transmitted using these
routines.
The prototypes below are declared in <rpc/xdr.h> and make use of the following types:
typedef int bool_t;
typedef bool_t (*xdrproc_t)(XDR *, void *,...);
For the declaration of the XDR type, see <rpc/xdr.h>.
bool_t xdr_array(XDR *xdrs, char **arrp, unsigned int *sizep,
unsigned int maxsize, unsigned int elsize,
xdrproc_t elproc);
A filter primitive that translates between variable-length arrays and their
corresponding external representations. The argument arrp is the address of the
pointer to the array, while sizep is the address of the element count of the array;
this element count cannot exceed maxsize. The argument elsize is the sizeof each
of the array's elements, and elproc is an XDR filter that translates between the
array elements' C form, and their external representation. This routine returns
one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_bool(XDR *xdrs, bool_t *bp);
A filter primitive that translates between booleans (C integers) and their external
representations. When encoding data, this filter produces values of either one or
zero. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_bytes(XDR *xdrs, char **sp, unsigned int *sizep,
unsigned int maxsize);
A filter primitive that translates between counted byte strings and their external
representations. The argument sp is the address of the string pointer. The length
of the string is located at address sizep; strings cannot be longer than maxsize.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_char(XDR *xdrs, char *cp);
A filter primitive that translates between C characters and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise. Note:
encoded characters are not packed, and occupy 4 bytes each. For arrays of
characters, it is worthwhile to consider xdr_bytes(), xdr_opaque(), or
xdr_string().
void xdr_destroy(XDR *xdrs);
A macro that invokes the destroy routine associated with the XDR stream, xdrs.
Destruction usually involves freeing private data structures associated with the
stream. Using xdrs after invoking xdr_destroy() is undefined.
bool_t xdr_double(XDR *xdrs, double *dp);
A filter primitive that translates between C double precision numbers and their
external representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_enum(XDR *xdrs, enum_t *ep);
A filter primitive that translates between C enums (actually integers) and their
external representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_float(XDR *xdrs, float *fp);
A filter primitive that translates between C floats and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
void xdr_free(xdrproc_t proc, char *objp);
Generic freeing routine. The first argument is the XDR routine for the object
being freed. The second argument is a pointer to the object itself. Note: the
pointer passed to this routine is not freed, but what it points to is freed
(recursively).
unsigned int xdr_getpos(XDR *xdrs);
A macro that invokes the get-position routine associated with the XDR stream, xdrs.
The routine returns an unsigned integer, which indicates the position of the XDR
byte stream. A desirable feature of XDR streams is that simple arithmetic works
with this number, although the XDR stream instances need not guarantee this.
long *xdr_inline(XDR *xdrs, int len);
A macro that invokes the inline routine associated with the XDR stream, xdrs. The
routine returns a pointer to a contiguous piece of the stream's buffer; len is the
byte length of the desired buffer. Note: pointer is cast to long *.
Warning: xdr_inline() may return NULL (0) if it cannot allocate a contiguous piece
of a buffer. Therefore the behavior may vary among stream instances; it exists for
the sake of efficiency.
bool_t xdr_int(XDR *xdrs, int *ip);
A filter primitive that translates between C integers and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_long(XDR *xdrs, long *lp);
A filter primitive that translates between C long integers and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
void xdrmem_create(XDR *xdrs, char *addr, unsigned int size,
enum xdr_op op);
This routine initializes the XDR stream object pointed to by xdrs. The stream's
data is written to, or read from, a chunk of memory at location addr whose length
is no more than size bytes long. The op determines the direction of the XDR stream
(either XDR_ENCODE, XDR_DECODE, or XDR_FREE).
bool_t xdr_opaque(XDR *xdrs, char *cp, unsigned int cnt);
A filter primitive that translates between fixed size opaque data and its external
representation. The argument cp is the address of the opaque object, and cnt is
its size in bytes. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_pointer(XDR *xdrs, char **objpp,
unsigned int objsize, xdrproc_t xdrobj);
Like xdr_reference() except that it serializes null pointers, whereas
xdr_reference() does not. Thus, xdr_pointer() can represent recursive data
structures, such as binary trees or linked lists.
void xdrrec_create(XDR *xdrs, unsigned int sendsize,
unsigned int recvsize, char *handle,
int (*readit)(char *, char *, int),
int (*writeit)(char *, char *, int));
This routine initializes the XDR stream object pointed to by xdrs. The stream's
data is written to a buffer of size sendsize; a value of zero indicates the system
should use a suitable default. The stream's data is read from a buffer of size
recvsize; it too can be set to a suitable default by passing a zero value. When a
stream's output buffer is full, writeit is called. Similarly, when a stream's
input buffer is empty, readit is called. The behavior of these two routines is
similar to the system calls read(2) and write(2), except that handle is passed to
the former routines as the first argument. Note: the XDR stream's op field must be
set by the caller.
Warning: to read from an XDR stream created by this API, you'll need to call
xdrrec_skiprecord() first before calling any other XDR APIs. This inserts
additional bytes in the stream to provide record boundary information. Also, XDR
streams created with different xdr*_create APIs are not compatible for the same
reason.
bool_t xdrrec_endofrecord(XDR *xdrs, int sendnow);
This routine can be invoked only on streams created by xdrrec_create(). The data
in the output buffer is marked as a completed record, and the output buffer is
optionally written out if sendnow is nonzero. This routine returns one if it
succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdrrec_eof(XDR *xdrs);
This routine can be invoked only on streams created by xdrrec_create(). After
consuming the rest of the current record in the stream, this routine returns one if
the stream has no more input, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdrrec_skiprecord(XDR *xdrs);
This routine can be invoked only on streams created by xdrrec_create(). It tells
the XDR implementation that the rest of the current record in the stream's input
buffer should be discarded. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero
otherwise.
bool_t xdr_reference(XDR *xdrs, char **pp, unsigned int size,
xdrproc_t proc);
A primitive that provides pointer chasing within structures. The argument pp is
the address of the pointer; size is the sizeof the structure that *pp points to;
and proc is an XDR procedure that filters the structure between its C form and its
external representation. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
Warning: this routine does not understand null pointers. Use xdr_pointer()
instead.
xdr_setpos(XDR *xdrs, unsigned int pos);
A macro that invokes the set position routine associated with the XDR stream xdrs.
The argument pos is a position value obtained from xdr_getpos(). This routine
returns one if the XDR stream could be repositioned, and zero otherwise.
Warning: it is difficult to reposition some types of XDR streams, so this routine
may fail with one type of stream and succeed with another.
bool_t xdr_short(XDR *xdrs, short *sp);
A filter primitive that translates between C short integers and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
void xdrstdio_create(XDR *xdrs, FILE *file, enum xdr_op op);
This routine initializes the XDR stream object pointed to by xdrs. The XDR stream
data is written to, or read from, the stdio stream file. The argument op
determines the direction of the XDR stream (either XDR_ENCODE, XDR_DECODE, or
XDR_FREE).
Warning: the destroy routine associated with such XDR streams calls fflush(3) on
the file stream, but never fclose(3).
bool_t xdr_string(XDR *xdrs, char **sp, unsigned int maxsize);
A filter primitive that translates between C strings and their corresponding
external representations. Strings cannot be longer than maxsize. Note: sp is the
address of the string's pointer. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero
otherwise.
bool_t xdr_u_char(XDR *xdrs, unsigned char *ucp);
A filter primitive that translates between unsigned C characters and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_u_int(XDR *xdrs, unsigned int *up);
A filter primitive that translates between C unsigned integers and their external
representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_u_long(XDR *xdrs, unsigned long *ulp);
A filter primitive that translates between C unsigned long integers and their
external representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_u_short(XDR *xdrs, unsigned short *usp);
A filter primitive that translates between C unsigned short integers and their
external representations. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_union(XDR *xdrs, enum_t *dscmp, char *unp,
const struct xdr_discrim *choices,
xdrproc_t defaultarm); /* may equal NULL */
A filter primitive that translates between a discriminated C union and its
corresponding external representation. It first translates the discriminant of the
union located at dscmp. This discriminant is always an enum_t. Next the union
located at unp is translated. The argument choices is a pointer to an array of
xdr_discrim() structures. Each structure contains an ordered pair of [value,proc].
If the union's discriminant is equal to the associated value, then the proc is
called to translate the union. The end of the xdr_discrim() structure array is
denoted by a routine of value NULL. If the discriminant is not found in the
choices array, then the defaultarm procedure is called (if it is not NULL).
Returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_vector(XDR *xdrs, char *arrp, unsigned int size,
unsigned int elsize, xdrproc_t elproc);
A filter primitive that translates between fixed-length arrays and their
corresponding external representations. The argument arrp is the address of the
pointer to the array, while size is the element count of the array. The argument
elsize is the sizeof each of the array's elements, and elproc is an XDR filter that
translates between the array elements' C form, and their external representation.
This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
bool_t xdr_void(void);
This routine always returns one. It may be passed to RPC routines that require a
function argument, where nothing is to be done.
bool_t xdr_wrapstring(XDR *xdrs, char **sp);
A primitive that calls xdr_string(xdrs, sp,MAXUN.UNSIGNED ); where MAXUN.UNSIGNED
is the maximum value of an unsigned integer. xdr_wrapstring() is handy because the
RPC package passes a maximum of two XDR routines as arguments, and xdr_string(),
one of the most frequently used primitives, requires three. Returns one if it
succeeds, zero otherwise.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│xdr_array(), xdr_bool(), xdr_bytes(), xdr_char(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
│xdr_destroy(), xdr_double(), xdr_enum(), xdr_float(), │ │ │
│xdr_free(), xdr_getpos(), xdr_inline(), xdr_int(), xdr_long(), │ │ │
│xdrmem_create(), xdr_opaque(), xdr_pointer(), xdrrec_create(), │ │ │
│xdrrec_eof(), xdrrec_endofrecord(), xdrrec_skiprecord(), │ │ │
│xdr_reference(), xdr_setpos(), xdr_short(), xdrstdio_create(), │ │ │
│xdr_string(), xdr_u_char(), xdr_u_int(), xdr_u_long(), │ │ │
│xdr_u_short(), xdr_union(), xdr_vector(), xdr_void(), │ │ │
│xdr_wrapstring() │ │ │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
SEE ALSO
rpc(3)
The following manuals:
eXternal Data Representation Standard: Protocol Specification
eXternal Data Representation: Sun Technical Notes
XDR: External Data Representation Standard, RFC 1014, Sun Microsystems, Inc., USC-
ISI.