Ubuntu Manpage: scsi-config - query information from a scsi device with a nice user interface

Provided by: scsitools_0.12-4ubuntu1_amd64

NAME

       scsi-config - query information from a scsi device with a nice user interface

SYNOPSIS

       scsi-config [device]

DESCRIPTION

scsi-config queries information from an scsi target with a nice Tcl/Tk user interface. If you do not
specify a device to query, scsi-config calculates a list of available devices and prompts it to you.

By the nature of a graphical user interface, most things will explain them self. Basically, scsi-config
shows a list of buttons for certain mode pages which you may press. Those buttons which you can press and
the text windows with white backgrounds can be modified by you and the modifications send back to the
device.

In the main window there is a button to instruct the device to save the data in some non volatile memory
(if it supports it). Note that this will instruct the device to save the Read-Write Error Recovery Page ,
Disconnect-Reconnect Page , Format Device Page , Caching Page , and Control Mode Page in its NVRAM.
Usually saving even a single of those should write them all to the NVRAM, but you never know.

You can query the current, the factory default and the values in the NVRAM (which may not be the current
parameters) from the device.

Not all combinations of button toggles or all values are valid. In general, try to set them and see which
values the drive accepts. scsi-config rereads the device configuration immediately, s.t. you see which
values where accepted.

Also note that some disk drives are notched, and that those have an active notch (shown in the main
window) to which all your settings apply (at least those of notched pages, which are also marked in slate
gray). You can select the active notch to which your settings apply (and to which the values refer) in
the Notch Page.

For those devices which do not feature an NVRAM (generally removable media devices) and as a kind of
backup, you can save the current settings to a file. Actually the file will be a /bin/sh script making
the necessary scsiinfo(8) calls to set the saved parameters when executed.

There is also a nice Overview button which will query many details about the disk geometry and draw them
in a nice picture. This looks esp. nice for drives with many notches, that is different regions on the
disk with different tracks per sector settings. It is also very useful for notched drives as you can
immediately select the mode pages for each notch.

SOME USAGE GUIDELINES

1. General Warning
Generally, do not modify settings you don't understand. It is useful to know the SCSI-II specs
mentioned below. Some setting may render the device unusable or even damage it. Usually a power
cycle resets the state (if you do not save the weird settings in the NVRAM). Some settings
affecting the assignment of logical sectors will render the disk unusable until the next low level
format.

2. On Write Caching
As an old warning, this does also mean you should not generally switch the write cache on. At
least on those drives where you have a choice at all. Reasons are twofold:

a) It is a priori unclear when the drive will actually perform the writes. This is a bad thing
when considering shutdown of your machine. On the other hand, it seems sensible to assume
that the drive will immediately write it's cache to disk when it is idle (after all file
systems are unmounted) and due to the size of the on disk cache this will usually only need
a few seconds after the shutdown (but the drive lamp will usually not glow, as it is mostly
connected to the host adapter (if you have a lamp at all) and it is not participating).

There is a SCSI command to flush the caches. Linux could call it prior to shutting down,
spinning a disk down. Due to my knowledge this is not yet done though.

b) As the writes are performed asynchronously, errors are reported asynchronously. The disk
might return an error at some simple read instruction related to a write which was
acknowledged OK several transactions ago. This generally confuses things and makes
interpreting errors very difficult. Some devices are known/said to not report write errors
in this mode of operation at all.

Just imagine that at the point where a file system is unmounted, or a new removable media
is detected it could tell: Oops, BTW, there was some write error ago although I told you it
was OK already.

Thus, when you run a disk in write cache mode, keep it in mind when weird error messages occur and
give the disk time to flush it's buffers at shutdown. Generally it would be good if you knew more
vendor specific details on how the disk operates in the write cache mode.

3. Reassigning Bad Blocks Automatically
One of the nice features of SCSI disk is that they allow to remap bad blocks automatically as they
are detected without any user intervention. However, you actually have to enable this feature! It
turned out that you can not generally assume a disk in this mode. To enable this mode or check the
settings, proceed as follows:

a) Go to the Read-Write Error Recovery Page. AWRE (Automatic Write Reallocation Enable) and
ARRE (Automatic Read Reallocation Enable) buttons enable the automatic reallocation.

In the same window, you can select the maximal retries performed. EER allows the disk to do
some Early Error Recovery which is fast (but might misdetect or miscorrect data). A
selected DCR button (Disable CoRrection Codes) disallows the disk to use any error
correction codes at all (thus the drive will have to retry until it performs an error free
read).

Usually a sector will be reallocated after even a single read retry or the given number of
failed write retries. When the sector cannot be recovered, it is reallocated but the data
is lost and an error is signalled.

The other buttons there apply to error reporting as well. TB Transmits the bad Block
together with the error, RC Reads Continuous, that is, does not pause a read operation
while retrying or using error code calculations to recover a bad block (thus may return bad
data). PER lets the disk report even recovered errors (Post ERror), DTE (Disable Transfer
on Error) even breaks a running data transmission when an error is detected.

b) Even when the reallocation is enabled, the disk must actually have some reserved areas
where to remap the bad blocks. The Format Page controls this. Either a given number of
Alternate Sectors Per LUN is set aside for the whole disk or a given number of tracks is
defined to be a zone and for each zone a number of sectors or tracks is put aside. These
alternate data areas are where bad sectors are remapped.

Note that this page is very likely to apply only to the current notch on a notched disk
device.

If there are no, or not many alternate sectors reserved on your disk, you must change these
settings.

I found that those disks which allow to modify these settings are very often set to no
reserved sectors at all by the vendors, as this increases the disks capacity. For the sake
of stability, you should really modify these settings.

If you decide to modify the number of alternate sectors, you must

i) Save the parameters to the NVRAM of the disk.

ii) Low-level format the disk drive (and not erase the NVRAM during this operation).

to make the changes be effective.

c) Esp. when you set the disk to not report recovered errors (or when it is in a write cache
mode or something), and just as a general guideline, keep an eye on the grown defects list
where the disk will report all the remappings which took place as your disk ages.

The old adventurers guide line applies: Save (Backup) Early, Save (Backup) Often. Find the
right time to replace your disk avoiding too much work recovering your data.

BUGS

       scsi-config  could  be enhanced by making better use of Tcl/Tk. I learned much about it during my work on
       tk_scsiformat(8) and their would be much room for fixes and enhances. On  other  hand,  it  fulfils  it's
       purpose as it is quite nicely already.

       As scsi-config makes heavy use of scsiinfo(8) all it's bugs (esp. on defect reading) apply.

FILES

       /usr/lib/scsi/cache,      /usr/lib/scsi/control,      /usr/lib/scsi/disconnect,      /usr/lib/scsi/error,
       /usr/lib/scsi/format,      /usr/lib/scsi/generic,       /usr/lib/scsi/inquiry,       /usr/lib/scsi/notch,
       /usr/lib/scsi/overview,    /usr/lib/scsi/peripheral,   /usr/lib/scsi/rigid,   /usr/lib/scsi/save-changes,
       /usr/lib/scsi/save-file, /usr/lib/scsi/tworands, /usr/lib/scsi/verify (Tcl/Tk subroutines used  by  scsi-
       config).
       /dev/sd*
       /dev/sg*
       /dev/scd*
       /dev/st*
       /dev/nst*
       /dev/rmt*
       /dev/nrmt*

AUTHORS

       Eric Youngdale.
       Michael Weller <eowmob@exp-math.uni-essen.de>, Versions 1.5 & 1.7

scsiinfo 1.7                                     24 August 1997                                   scsi-config(8)