Provided by: stunnel4_5.72-1build2_amd64 bug

NAME

       stunnel - TLS offloading and load-balancing proxy

SYNOPSIS

       Unix:
           stunnel [FILE] | -fd N | -help | -version | -sockets | -options

       WIN32:
           stunnel [ [ -install | -uninstall | -start | -stop |
               -reload | -reopen | -exit ] [-quiet] [FILE] ] |
               -help | -version | -sockets | -options

DESCRIPTION

       The stunnel program is designed to work as TLS encryption wrapper between remote clients
       and local (inetd-startable) or remote servers. The concept is that having non-TLS aware
       daemons running on your system you can easily set them up to communicate with clients over
       secure TLS channels.

       stunnel can be used to add TLS functionality to commonly used Inetd daemons like POP-2,
       POP-3, and IMAP servers, to standalone daemons like NNTP, SMTP and HTTP, and in tunneling
       PPP over network sockets without changes to the source code.

       This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)

OPTIONS

       FILE
           Use specified configuration file

       -fd N (Unix only)
           Read the config file from specified file descriptor

       -help
           Print stunnel help menu

       -version
           Print stunnel version and compile time defaults

       -sockets
           Print default socket options

       -options
           Print supported TLS options

       -install (Windows NT and later only)
           Install NT Service

       -uninstall (Windows NT and later only)
           Uninstall NT Service

       -start (Windows NT and later only)
           Start NT Service

       -stop (Windows NT and later only)
           Stop NT Service

       -reload (Windows NT and later only)
           Reload the configuration file of the running NT Service

       -reopen (Windows NT and later only)
           Reopen the log file of the running NT Service

       -exit (Win32 only)
           Exit an already started stunnel

       -quiet (Win32 only)
           Don't display any message boxes

CONFIGURATION FILE

       Each line of the configuration file can be either:

       •   An empty line (ignored).

       •   A comment starting with ';' (ignored).

       •   An 'option_name = option_value' pair.

       •   '[service_name]' indicating a start of a service definition.

       An address parameter of an option may be either:

       •   A port number.

       •   A colon-separated pair of IP address (either IPv4, IPv6, or domain name) and port
           number.

       •   A Unix socket path (Unix only).

   GLOBAL OPTIONS
       chroot = DIRECTORY (Unix only)
           directory to chroot stunnel process

           chroot keeps stunnel in a chrooted jail.  CApath, CRLpath, pid and exec are located
           inside the jail and the patches have to be relative to the directory specified with
           chroot.

           Several functions of the operating system also need their files to be located within
           the chroot jail, e.g.:

           •   Delayed resolver typically needs /etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/resolv.conf.

           •   Local time in log files needs /etc/timezone.

           •   Some other functions may need devices, e.g. /dev/zero or /dev/null.

       compression = deflate | zlib
           select data compression algorithm

           default: no compression

           Deflate is the standard compression method as described in RFC 1951.

       debug = [FACILITY.]LEVEL
           debugging level

           Level is one of the syslog level names or numbers emerg (0), alert (1), crit (2), err
           (3), warning (4), notice (5), info (6), or debug (7).  All logs for the specified
           level and all levels numerically less than it will be shown.

           The debug = debug (or the equivalent <debug = 7>) level produces for the most verbose
           log output.  This logging level is only meant to be understood by stunnel developers,
           and not by users.  Please either use the debug level when requested to do so by an
           stunnel developer, or when you intend to get confused.

           The default logging level is notice (5).

           The syslog 'daemon' facility will be used unless a facility name is supplied.
           (Facilities are not supported on Win32.)

           Case is ignored for both facilities and levels.

       EGD = EGD_PATH (Unix only)
           path to Entropy Gathering Daemon socket

           Entropy Gathering Daemon socket to use to feed the OpenSSL random number generator.

       engine = auto | ENGINE_ID
           select hardware or software cryptographic engine

           default: software-only cryptography

           See Examples section for an engine configuration to use the certificate and the
           corresponding private key from a cryptographic device.

       engineCtrl = COMMAND[:PARAMETER]
           control hardware engine

       engineDefault = TASK_LIST
           set OpenSSL tasks delegated to the current engine

           The parameter specifies a comma-separated list of task to be delegated to the current
           engine.

           The following tasks may be available, if supported by the engine: ALL, RSA, DSA, ECDH,
           ECDSA, DH, RAND, CIPHERS, DIGESTS, PKEY, PKEY_CRYPTO, PKEY_ASN1.

       fips = yes | no
           enable or disable FIPS 140-2 mode.

           This option allows you to disable entering FIPS mode if stunnel was compiled with FIPS
           140-2 support.

           default: no (since version 5.00)

       foreground = yes | quiet | no (Unix only)
           foreground mode

           Stay in foreground (don't fork).

           With the yes parameter it also logs to stderr in addition to the destinations
           specified with syslog and output.

           default: background in daemon mode

       iconActive = ICON_FILE (GUI only)
           GUI icon to be displayed when there are established connections

           On Windows platform the parameter should be an .ico file containing a 16x16 pixel
           image.

       iconError = ICON_FILE (GUI only)
           GUI icon to be displayed when no valid configuration is loaded

           On Windows platform the parameter should be an .ico file containing a 16x16 pixel
           image.

       iconIdle = ICON_FILE (GUI only)
           GUI icon to be displayed when there are no established connections

           On Windows platform the parameter should be an .ico file containing a 16x16 pixel
           image.

       log = append | overwrite
           log file handling

           This option allows you to choose whether the log file (specified with the output
           option) is appended or overwritten when opened or re-opened.

           default: append

       output = FILE
           append log messages to a file

           /dev/stdout device can be used to send log messages to the standard output (for
           example to log them with daemontools splogger).

       pid = FILE (Unix only)
           pid file location

           If the argument is empty, then no pid file will be created.

           pid path is relative to the chroot directory if specified.

       RNDbytes = BYTES
           bytes to read from random seed files

       RNDfile = FILE
           path to file with random seed data

           The OpenSSL library will use data from this file first to seed the random number
           generator.

       RNDoverwrite = yes | no
           overwrite the random seed files with new random data

           default: yes

       service = SERVICE (Unix only)
           stunnel service name

           The specified service name is used for syslog and as the inetd mode service name for
           TCP Wrappers.  While this option can technically be specified in the service sections,
           it is only useful in global options.

           default: stunnel

       syslog = yes | no (Unix only)
           enable logging via syslog

           default: yes

       taskbar = yes | no (WIN32 only)
           enable the taskbar icon

           default: yes

   SERVICE-LEVEL OPTIONS
       Each configuration section begins with a service name in square brackets.  The service
       name is used for libwrap (TCP Wrappers) access control and lets you distinguish stunnel
       services in your log files.

       Note that if you wish to run stunnel in inetd mode (where it is provided a network socket
       by a server such as inetd, xinetd, or tcpserver) then you should read the section entitled
       INETD MODE below.

       accept = [HOST:]PORT
           accept connections on specified address

           If no host specified, defaults to all IPv4 addresses for the local host.

           To listen on all IPv6 addresses use:

               accept = :::PORT

       CAengine = ENGINE-SPECIFIC_CA_CERTIFICATE_IDENTIFIER
           load a trusted CA certificate from an engine

           The loaded CA certificates will be used with the verifyChain and verifyPeer options.

           Multiple CAengine options are allowed in a single service section.

           Currently supported engines: pkcs11, cng.

       CApath = CA_DIRECTORY
           load trusted CA certificates from a directory

           The loaded CA certificates will be used with the verifyChain and verifyPeer options.
           Note that the certificates in this directory should be named XXXXXXXX.0 where XXXXXXXX
           is the hash value of the DER encoded subject of the cert.

           The hash algorithm has been changed in OpenSSL 1.0.0.  It is required to c_rehash the
           directory on upgrade from OpenSSL 0.x.x to OpenSSL 1.x.x or later.

           CApath path is relative to the chroot directory if specified.

       CAfile = CA_FILE
           load trusted CA certificates from a file

           The loaded CA certificates will be used with the verifyChain and verifyPeer options.

       cert = CERT_FILE
           certificate chain file name

           The parameter specifies the file containing certificates used by stunnel to
           authenticate itself against the remote client or server.  The file should contain the
           whole certificate chain starting from the actual server/client certificate, and ending
           with the self-signed root CA certificate.  The file must be either in PEM or P12
           format.

           A certificate chain is required in server mode, and optional in client mode.

           This parameter is also used as the certificate identifier when a hardware engine is
           enabled.

       checkEmail = EMAIL
           verify the email address of the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate subject

           Certificates are accepted if no subject checks were specified, or the email address of
           the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate matches any of the email addresses specified
           with checkEmail.

           Multiple checkEmail options are allowed in a single service section.

           This option requires OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later.

       checkHost = HOST
           verify the host of the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate subject

           Certificates are accepted if no subject checks were specified, or the host name of the
           end-entity (leaf) peer certificate matches any of the hosts specified with checkHost.

           Multiple checkHost options are allowed in a single service section.

           This option requires OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later.

       checkIP = IP
           verify the IP address of the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate subject

           Certificates are accepted if no subject checks were specified, or the IP address of
           the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate matches any of the IP addresses specified with
           checkIP.

           Multiple checkIP options are allowed in a single service section.

           This option requires OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later.

       ciphers = CIPHER_LIST
           select permitted TLS ciphers (TLSv1.2 and below)

           This option does not impact TLSv1.3 ciphersuites.

           A colon-delimited list of the ciphers to allow in the TLS connection, for example
           DES-CBC3-SHA:IDEA-CBC-MD5.

       ciphersuites = CIPHERSUITES_LIST
           select permitted TLSv1.3 ciphersuites

           A colon-delimited list of TLSv1.3 ciphersuites names in order of preference.

           This option requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later.

           default: TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

       client = yes | no
           client mode (remote service uses TLS)

           default: no (server mode)

       config = COMMAND[:PARAMETER]
           OpenSSL configuration command

           The OpenSSL configuration command is executed with the specified parameter.  This
           allows any configuration commands to be invoked from the stunnel configuration file.
           Supported commands are described on the SSL_CONF_cmd(3ssl) manual page.

           Several config lines can be used to specify multiple configuration commands.

           Use curves option instead of enabling config = Curves:list_curves to support elliptic
           curves.

           This option requires OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later.

       connect = [HOST:]PORT
           connect to a remote address

           If no host is specified, the host defaults to localhost.

           Multiple connect options are allowed in a single service section.  If host resolves to
           multiple addresses and/or if multiple connect options are specified, then the remote
           address is chosen using a round-robin algorithm.

       CRLpath = DIRECTORY
           Certificate Revocation Lists directory

           This is the directory in which stunnel will look for CRLs when using the verifyChain
           and verifyPeer options. Note that the CRLs in this directory should be named
           XXXXXXXX.r0 where XXXXXXXX is the hash value of the CRL.

           The hash algorithm has been changed in OpenSSL 1.0.0.  It is required to c_rehash the
           directory on upgrade from OpenSSL 0.x.x to OpenSSL 1.x.x.

           CRLpath path is relative to the chroot directory if specified.

       CRLfile = CRL_FILE
           Certificate Revocation Lists file

           This file contains multiple CRLs, used with the verifyChain and verifyPeer options.

       curves = list
           ECDH curves separated with ':'

           Only a single curve name is allowed for OpenSSL older than 1.1.1.

           To get a list of supported curves use:

               openssl ecparam -list_curves

           default:

               X25519:P-256:X448:P-521:P-384 (OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later)

               prime256v1 (OpenSSL older than 1.1.1)

       logId = TYPE
           connection identifier type

           This identifier allows you to distinguish log entries generated for each of the
           connections.

           Currently supported types:

           sequential
               The numeric sequential identifier is only unique within a single instance of
               stunnel, but very compact.  It is most useful for manual log analysis.

           unique
               This alphanumeric identifier is globally unique, but longer than the sequential
               number.  It is most useful for automated log analysis.

           thread
               The operating system thread identifier is neither unique (even within a single
               instance of stunnel) nor short.  It is most useful for debugging software or
               configuration issues.

           process
               The operating system process identifier (PID) may be useful in the inetd mode.

           default: sequential

       debug = LEVEL
           debugging level

           Level is a one of the syslog level names or numbers emerg (0), alert (1), crit (2),
           err (3), warning (4), notice (5), info (6), or debug (7).  All logs for the specified
           level and all levels numerically less than it will be shown.  The default is notice
           (5).

           While the debug = debug or debug = 7 level generates the most verbose output, it is
           only intended to be used by stunnel developers.  Please only use this value if you are
           a developer, or you intend to send your logs to our technical support.  Otherwise, the
           generated logs will be confusing.

       delay = yes | no
           delay DNS lookup for the connect option

           This option is useful for dynamic DNS, or when DNS is not available during stunnel
           startup (road warrior VPN, dial-up configurations).

           Delayed resolver mode is automatically engaged when stunnel fails to resolve on
           startup any of the connect targets for a service.

           Delayed resolver inflicts failover = prio.

           default: no

       engineId = ENGINE_ID
           select engine ID for the service

       engineNum = ENGINE_NUMBER
           select engine number for the service

           The engines are numbered starting from 1.

       exec = EXECUTABLE_PATH
           execute a local inetd-type program

           exec path is relative to the chroot directory if specified.

           The following environmental variables are set on Unix platforms: REMOTE_HOST,
           REMOTE_PORT, SSL_CLIENT_DN, SSL_CLIENT_I_DN.

       execArgs = $0 $1 $2 ...
           arguments for exec including the program name ($0)

           Quoting is currently not supported.  Arguments are separated with an arbitrary amount
           of whitespace.

       failover = rr | prio
           Failover strategy for multiple "connect" targets.

           rr  round robin - fair load distribution

           prio
               priority - use the order specified in config file

           default: prio

       ident = USERNAME
           use IDENT (RFC 1413) username checking

       include = DIRECTORY
           include all configuration file parts located in DIRECTORY

           The files are included in the ascending alphabetical order of their names. The
           recommended filename convention is

           for global options:

                   00-global.conf

           for local service-level options:

                   01-service.conf

                   02-service.conf

       key = KEY_FILE
           private key for the certificate specified with cert option

           A private key is needed to authenticate the certificate owner.  Since this file should
           be kept secret it should only be readable by its owner.  On Unix systems you can use
           the following command:

               chmod 600 keyfile

           This parameter is also used as the private key identifier when a hardware engine is
           enabled.

           default: the value of the cert option

       libwrap = yes | no
           Enable or disable the use of /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny.

           default: no (since version 5.00)

       local = HOST
           By default, the IP address of the outgoing interface is used as the source for remote
           connections.  Use this option to bind a static local IP address instead.

       OCSP = URL
           select OCSP responder for the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate verification

       OCSPaia = yes | no
           validate certificates with their AIA OCSP responders

           This option enables stunnel to validate certificates with the list of OCSP responder
           URLs retrieved from their AIA (Authority Information Access) extension.

       OCSPflag = OCSP_FLAG
           specify OCSP responder flag

           Several OCSPflag can be used to specify multiple flags.

           currently supported flags: NOCERTS, NOINTERN, NOSIGS, NOCHAIN, NOVERIFY, NOEXPLICIT,
           NOCASIGN, NODELEGATED, NOCHECKS, TRUSTOTHER, RESPID_KEY, NOTIME

       OCSPnonce = yes | no
           send and verify the OCSP nonce extension

           This option protects the OCSP protocol against replay attacks.  Due to its
           computational overhead, the nonce extension is usually only supported on internal
           (e.g. corporate) responders, and not on public OCSP responders.

       OCSPrequire = yes | no
           require a conclusive OCSP response

           Disable this option to allow a connection even though no conclusive OCSP response was
           retrieved from stapling and a direct request to the OCSP responder.

           default: yes

       options = SSL_OPTIONS
           OpenSSL library options

           The parameter is the OpenSSL option name as described in the SSL_CTX_set_options(3ssl)
           manual, but without SSL_OP_ prefix.  stunnel -options lists the options found to be
           allowed in the current combination of stunnel and the OpenSSL library used to build
           it.

           Several option lines can be used to specify multiple options.  An option name can be
           prepended with a dash ("-") to disable the option.

           For example, for compatibility with the erroneous Eudora TLS implementation, the
           following option can be used:

               options = DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS

           default:

               options = NO_SSLv2
               options = NO_SSLv3

           Use sslVersionMax or sslVersionMin option instead of disabling specific TLS protocol
           versions when compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0 or later.

       protocol = PROTO
           application protocol to negotiate TLS

           This option enables initial, protocol-specific negotiation of the TLS encryption.  The
           protocol option should not be used with TLS encryption on a separate port.

           Currently supported protocols:

           cifs
               Proprietary (undocummented) extension of CIFS protocol implemented in Samba.
               Support for this extension was dropped in Samba 3.0.0.

           capwin
               http://www.capwin.org/ application support

           capwinctrl
               http://www.capwin.org/ application support

               This protocol is only supported in client mode.

           connect
               Based on RFC 2817 - Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1, section 5.2 - Requesting a
               Tunnel with CONNECT

               This protocol is only supported in client mode.

           imap
               Based on RFC 2595 - Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP

           ldap
               Based on RFC 2830 - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3): Extension for
               Transport Layer Security

           nntp
               Based on RFC 4642 - Using Transport Layer Security (TLS) with Network News
               Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

               This protocol is only supported in client mode.

           pgsql
               Based on http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.3/static/protocol-flow.html#AEN73982

           pop3
               Based on RFC 2449 - POP3 Extension Mechanism

           proxy
               Passing of the original client IP address with HAProxy PROXY protocol version 1
               https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt

           smtp
               Based on RFC 2487 - SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over TLS

           socks
               SOCKS versions 4, 4a, and 5 are supported.  The SOCKS protocol itself is
               encapsulated within TLS encryption layer to protect the final destination address.

               http://www.openssh.com/txt/socks4.protocol

               http://www.openssh.com/txt/socks4a.protocol

               The BIND command of the SOCKS protocol is not supported.  The USERID parameter is
               ignored.

               See Examples section for sample configuration files for VPN based on SOCKS
               encryption.

       protocolAuthentication = AUTHENTICATION
           authentication type for the protocol negotiations

           Currently, this option is only supported in the client-side 'connect' and 'smtp'
           protocols.

           Supported authentication types for the 'connect' protocol are 'basic' or 'ntlm'.  The
           default 'connect' authentication type is 'basic'.

           Supported authentication types for the 'smtp' protocol are 'plain' or 'login'.  The
           default 'smtp' authentication type is 'plain'.

       protocolDomain = DOMAIN
           domain for the protocol negotiations

           Currently, this option is only supported in the client-side 'connect' protocol.

       protocolHeader = HEADER
           header for the protocol negotiations

           Currently, this option is only supported in the client-side 'connect' protocol.

       protocolHost = ADDRESS
           host address for the protocol negotiations

           For the 'connect' protocol negotiations, protocolHost specifies HOST:PORT of the final
           TLS server to be connected to by the proxy.  The proxy server directly connected by
           stunnel must be specified with the connect option.

           For the 'smtp' protocol negotiations, protocolHost controls the client SMTP HELO/EHLO
           value.

       protocolPassword = PASSWORD
           password for the protocol negotiations

           Currently, this option is only supported in the client-side 'connect' and 'smtp'
           protocols.

       protocolUsername = USERNAME
           username for the protocol negotiations

           Currently, this option is only supported in the client-side 'connect' and 'smtp'
           protocols.

       PSKidentity = IDENTITY
           PSK identity for the PSK client

           PSKidentity can be used on stunnel clients to select the PSK identity used for
           authentication.  This option is ignored in server sections.

           default: the first identity specified in the PSKsecrets file.

       PSKsecrets = FILE
           file with PSK identities and corresponding keys

           Each line of the file in the following format:

               IDENTITY:KEY

           Hexadecimal keys are automatically converted to binary form.  Keys are required to be
           at least 16 bytes long, which implies at least 32 characters for hexadecimal keys.
           The file should neither be world-readable nor world-writable.

       pty = yes | no (Unix only)
           allocate a pseudoterminal for 'exec' option

       redirect = [HOST:]PORT
           redirect TLS client connections on certificate-based authentication failures

           This option only works in server mode.  Some protocol negotiations are also
           incompatible with the redirect option.

       renegotiation = yes | no
           support TLS renegotiation

           Applications of the TLS renegotiation include some authentication scenarios, or re-
           keying long lasting connections.

           On the other hand this feature can facilitate a trivial CPU-exhaustion DoS attack:

           http://vincent.bernat.im/en/blog/2011-ssl-dos-mitigation.html

           Please note that disabling TLS renegotiation does not fully mitigate this issue.

           default: yes (if supported by OpenSSL)

       reset = yes | no
           attempt to use the TCP RST flag to indicate an error

           This option is not supported on some platforms.

           default: yes

       retry = yes | no | DELAY
           reconnect a connect+exec section after it was disconnected

           The DELAY value specifies the number of milliseconds before retrying.  "retry = yes"
           has the same effect as "retry = 1000".

           default: no

       securityLevel = LEVEL
           set the security level

           The meaning of each level is described below:

           level 0
               Everything is permitted.

           level 1
               The security level corresponds to a minimum of 80 bits of security. Any parameters
               offering below 80 bits of security are excluded. As a result RSA, DSA and DH keys
               shorter than 1024 bits and ECC keys shorter than 160 bits are prohibited. All
               export cipher suites are prohibited since they all offer less than 80 bits of
               security. SSL version 2 is prohibited. Any cipher suite using MD5 for the MAC is
               also prohibited.

           level 2
               Security level set to 112 bits of security. As a result RSA, DSA and DH keys
               shorter than 2048 bits and ECC keys shorter than 224 bits are prohibited. In
               addition to the level 1 exclusions any cipher suite using RC4 is also prohibited.
               SSL version 3 is also not allowed. Compression is disabled.

           level 3
               Security level set to 128 bits of security. As a result RSA, DSA and DH keys
               shorter than 3072 bits and ECC keys shorter than 256 bits are prohibited. In
               addition to the level 2 exclusions cipher suites not offering forward secrecy are
               prohibited. TLS versions below 1.1 are not permitted. Session tickets are
               disabled.

           level 4
               Security level set to 192 bits of security. As a result RSA, DSA and DH keys
               shorter than 7680 bits and ECC keys shorter than 384 bits are prohibited.  Cipher
               suites using SHA1 for the MAC are prohibited. TLS versions below 1.2 are not
               permitted.

           level 5
               Security level set to 256 bits of security. As a result RSA, DSA and DH keys
               shorter than 15360 bits and ECC keys shorter than 512 bits are prohibited.

           default: 2

           The securityLevel option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later.

       requireCert = yes | no
           require a client certificate for verifyChain or verifyPeer

           With requireCert set to no, the stunnel server accepts client connections that did not
           present a certificate.

           Both verifyChain = yes and verifyPeer = yes imply requireCert = yes.

           default: no

       setgid = GROUP (Unix only)
           Unix group id

           As a global option: setgid() to the specified group in daemon mode and clear all other
           groups.

           As a service-level option: set the group of the Unix socket specified with "accept".

       setuid = USER (Unix only)
           Unix user id

           As a global option: setuid() to the specified user in daemon mode.

           As a service-level option: set the owner of the Unix socket specified with "accept".

       sessionCacheSize = NUM_ENTRIES
           session cache size

           sessionCacheSize specifies the maximum number of the internal session cache entries.

           The value of 0 can be used for unlimited size.  It is not recommended for production
           use due to the risk of a memory exhaustion DoS attack.

       sessionCacheTimeout = TIMEOUT
           session cache timeout

           This is the number of seconds to keep cached TLS sessions.

       sessionResume = yes | no
           allow or disallow session resumption

           default: yes

       sessiond = HOST:PORT
           address of sessiond TLS cache server

       sni = SERVICE_NAME:SERVER_NAME_PATTERN (server mode)
           Use the service as a secondary service (a name-based virtual server) for Server Name
           Indication TLS extension (RFC 3546).

           SERVICE_NAME specifies the primary service that accepts client connections with the
           accept option.  SERVER_NAME_PATTERN specifies the host name to be redirected.  The
           pattern may start with the '*' character, e.g.  '*.example.com'.  Multiple secondary
           services are normally specified for a single primary service.  The sni option can also
           be specified more than once within a single secondary service.

           This service, as well as the primary service, may not be configured in client mode.

           The connect option of the secondary service is ignored when the protocol option is
           specified, as protocol connects to the remote host before TLS handshake.

           Libwrap checks (Unix only) are performed twice: with the primary service name after
           TCP connection is accepted, and with the secondary service name during the TLS
           handshake.

           The sni option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and later.

       sni = SERVER_NAME (client mode)
           Use the parameter as the value of TLS Server Name Indication (RFC 3546) extension.

           Empty SERVER_NAME disables sending the SNI extension.

           The sni option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and later.

       socket = a|l|r:OPTION=VALUE[:VALUE]
           Set an option on the accept/local/remote socket

           The values for the linger option are l_onof:l_linger.  The values for the time are
           tv_sec:tv_usec.

           Examples:

               socket = l:SO_LINGER=1:60
                   set one minute timeout for closing local socket
               socket = r:SO_OOBINLINE=yes
                   place out-of-band data directly into the
                   receive data stream for remote sockets
               socket = a:SO_REUSEADDR=no
                   disable address reuse (enabled by default)
               socket = a:SO_BINDTODEVICE=lo
                   only accept connections on loopback interface

       sslVersion = SSL_VERSION
           select the TLS protocol version

           Supported versions: all, SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3

           Availability of specific protocols depends on the linked OpenSSL library.  Older
           versions of OpenSSL do not support TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3.  Newer versions of
           OpenSSL do not support SSLv2.

           Obsolete SSLv2 and SSLv3 are currently disabled by default.

           Setting the option

               sslVersion = SSL_VERSION

           is equivalent to options

               sslVersionMax = SSL_VERSION
               sslVersionMin = SSL_VERSION

           when compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later.

       sslVersionMax = SSL_VERSION
           maximum supported protocol versions

           Supported versions: all, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3

           all enable protocol versions up to the highest version supported by the linked OpenSSL
           library.

           Availability of specific protocols depends on the linked OpenSSL library.

           The sslVersionMax option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later.

           default: all

       sslVersionMin = SSL_VERSION
           minimum supported protocol versions

           Supported versions: all, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3

           all enable protocol versions down to the lowest version supported by the linked
           OpenSSL library.

           Availability of specific protocols depends on the linked OpenSSL library.

           The sslVersionMin option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.0 and later.

           default: TLSv1

       stack = BYTES (except for FORK model)
           CPU stack size of created threads

           Excessive thread stack size increases virtual memory usage.  Insufficient thread stack
           size may cause application crashes.

           default: 65536 bytes (sufficient for all platforms we tested)

       ticketKeySecret = SECRET
           hexadecimal symmetric key used for session ticket confidentiality protection

           Session tickets defined in RFC 5077 provide an enhanced session resumption capability,
           where the server-side caching is not required to maintain per session state.

           Combining ticketKeySecret and ticketMacSecret options allow to resume a negotiated
           session on other cluster nodes, or to resume a negotiated session after server
           restart.

           The key is required to be either 16 or 32 bytes long, which implies exactly 32 or 64
           hexadecimal digits.  Colons may optionally be used between two-character hexadecimal
           bytes.

           This option only works in server mode.

           The ticketKeySecret option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and
           later.

           Disabling NO_TICKET option is required for the ticket support in OpenSSL older than
           1.1.1, but note that this option is incompatible with the redirect option.

       ticketMacSecret = SECRET
           hexadecimal symmetric key used for session ticket integrity protection

           The key is required to be either 16 or 32 bytes long, which implies exactly 32 or 64
           hexadecimal digits.  Colons may optionally be used between two-character hexadecimal
           bytes.

           This option only works in server mode.

           The ticketMacSecret option is only available when compiled with OpenSSL 1.0.0 and
           later.

       TIMEOUTbusy = SECONDS
           time to wait for expected data

       TIMEOUTclose = SECONDS
           time to wait for close_notify (set to 0 for buggy MSIE)

       TIMEOUTconnect = SECONDS
           time to wait to connect a remote host

       TIMEOUTidle = SECONDS
           time to keep an idle connection

       TIMEOUTocsp = SECONDS
           time to wait to connect an OCSP responder

       transparent = none | source | destination | both (Unix only)
           enable transparent proxy support on selected platforms

           Supported values:

           none
               Disable transparent proxy support.  This is the default.

           source
               Re-write the address to appear as if a wrapped daemon is connecting from the TLS
               client machine instead of the machine running stunnel.

               This option is currently available in:

               Remote mode (connect option) on Linux >=2.6.28
                   This configuration requires stunnel to be executed as root and without the
                   setuid option.

                   This configuration requires the following setup for iptables and routing
                   (possibly in /etc/rc.local or equivalent file):

                       iptables -t mangle -N DIVERT
                       iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m socket -j DIVERT
                       iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j MARK --set-mark 1
                       iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j ACCEPT
                       ip rule add fwmark 1 lookup 100
                       ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100
                       echo 0 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/rp_filter

                   stunnel must also to be executed as root and without the setuid option.

               Remote mode (connect option) on Linux 2.2.x
                   This configuration requires the kernel to be compiled with the transparent
                   proxy option.  Connected service must be installed on a separate host.
                   Routing towards the clients has to go through the stunnel box.

                   stunnel must also to be executed as root and without the setuid option.

               Remote mode (connect option) on FreeBSD >=8.0
                   This configuration requires additional firewall and routing setup.  stunnel
                   must also to be executed as root and without the setuid option.

               Local mode (exec option)
                   This configuration works by pre-loading the libstunnel.so shared library.
                   _RLD_LIST environment variable is used on Tru64, and LD_PRELOAD variable on
                   other platforms.

           destination
               The original destination is used instead of the connect option.

               A service section for transparent destination may look like this:

                   [transparent]
                   client = yes
                   accept = <stunnel_port>
                   transparent = destination

               This configuration requires iptables setup to work, possibly in /etc/rc.local or
               equivalent file.

               For a connect target installed on the same host:

                   /sbin/iptables -t nat -I OUTPUT -p tcp --dport <redirected_port> \
                       -m ! --uid-owner <stunnel_user_id> \
                       -j DNAT --to-destination <local_ip>:<stunnel_port>

               For a connect target installed on a remote host:

                   /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --dport <stunnel_port> -j ACCEPT
                   /sbin/iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport <redirected_port> \
                       -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination <local_ip>:<stunnel_port>

               The transparent destination option is currently only supported on Linux.

           both
               Use both source and destination transparent proxy.

           Two legacy options are also supported for backward compatibility:

           yes This option has been renamed to source.

           no  This option has been renamed to none.

       verify = LEVEL
           verify the peer certificate

           This option is obsolete and should be replaced with the verifyChain and verifyPeer
           options.

           level 0
               Request and ignore the peer certificate chain.

           level 1
               Verify the peer certificate chain if present.

           level 2
               Verify the peer certificate chain.

           level 3
               Verify the peer certificate chain and the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate
               against a locally installed certificate.

           level 4
               Ignore the peer certificate chain and only verify the end-entity (leaf) peer
               certificate against a locally installed certificate.

           default
               No verify.

       verifyChain = yes | no
           verify the peer certificate chain starting from the root CA

           For server certificate verification it is essential to also require a specific
           certificate with checkHost or checkIP.

           The self-signed root CA certificate needs to be stored either in the file specified
           with CAfile, or in the directory specified with CApath.

           default: no

       verifyPeer = yes | no
           verify the end-entity (leaf) peer certificate

           The end-entity (leaf) peer certificate needs to be stored either in the file specified
           with CAfile, or in the directory specified with CApath.

           default: no

RETURN VALUE

       stunnel returns zero on success, non-zero on error.

SIGNALS

       The following signals can be used to control stunnel in Unix environment:

       SIGHUP
           Force a reload of the configuration file.

           Some global options will not be reloaded:

           •   chroot

           •   foreground

           •   pid

           •   setgid

           •   setuid

           The use of the 'setuid' option will also prevent stunnel from binding to privileged
           (<1024) ports during configuration reloading.

           When the 'chroot' option is used, stunnel will look for all its files (including the
           configuration file, certificates, the log file and the pid file) within the chroot
           jail.

       SIGUSR1
           Close and reopen the stunnel log file.  This function can be used for log rotation.

       SIGUSR2
           Log the list of active connections.

       SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGINT
           Shut stunnel down.

       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.

EXAMPLES

       In order to provide TLS encapsulation to your local imapd service, use:

           [imapd]
           accept = 993
           exec = /usr/sbin/imapd
           execArgs = imapd

       or in remote mode:

           [imapd]
           accept = 993
           connect = 143

       In order to let your local e-mail client connect to a TLS-enabled imapd service on another
       server, configure the e-mail client to connect to localhost on port 119 and use:

           [imap]
           client = yes
           accept = 143
           connect = servername:993

       If you want to provide tunneling to your pppd daemon on port 2020, use something like:

           [vpn]
           accept = 2020
           exec = /usr/sbin/pppd
           execArgs = pppd local
           pty = yes

       If you want to use stunnel in inetd mode to launch your imapd process, you'd use this
       stunnel.conf.  Note there must be no [service_name] section.

           exec = /usr/sbin/imapd
           execArgs = imapd

       To setup SOCKS VPN configure the following client service:

           [socks_client]
           client = yes
           accept = 127.0.0.1:1080
           connect = vpn_server:9080
           verifyPeer = yes
           CAfile = stunnel.pem

       The corresponding configuration on the vpn_server host:

           [socks_server]
           protocol = socks
           accept = 9080
           cert = stunnel.pem
           key = stunnel.key

       Now test your configuration on the client machine with:

           curl --socks4a localhost http://www.example.com/

       An example server mode SNI configuration:

           [virtual]
           ; primary service
           accept = 443
           cert =  default.pem
           connect = default.internal.mydomain.com:8080

           [sni1]
           ; secondary service 1
           sni = virtual:server1.mydomain.com
           cert = server1.pem
           connect = server1.internal.mydomain.com:8081

           [sni2]
           ; secondary service 2
           sni = virtual:server2.mydomain.com
           cert = server2.pem
           connect = server2.internal.mydomain.com:8082
           verifyPeer = yes
           CAfile = server2-allowed-clients.pem

       An example of advanced engine configuration allows for authentication with private keys
       stored in the Windows certificate store (Windows only).  With the CAPI engine you don't
       need to manually select the client key to use.  The client key is automatically selected
       based on the list of CAs trusted by the server.

           engine = capi

           [service]
           engineId = capi
           client = yes
           accept = 127.0.0.1:8080
           connect = example.com:8443

       An example of advanced engine configuration to use the certificate and the corresponding
       private key from a pkcs11 engine:

           engine = pkcs11
           engineCtrl = MODULE_PATH:opensc-pkcs11.so
           engineCtrl = PIN:123456

           [service]
           engineId = pkcs11
           client = yes
           accept = 127.0.0.1:8080
           connect = example.com:843
           cert = pkcs11:token=MyToken;object=MyCert
           key = pkcs11:token=MyToken;object=MyKey

       An example of advanced engine configuration to use the certificate and the corresponding
       private key from a SoftHSM token:

           engine = pkcs11
           engineCtrl = MODULE_PATH:softhsm2.dll
           engineCtrl = PIN:12345

           [service]
           engineId = pkcs11
           client = yes
           accept = 127.0.0.1:8080
           connect = example.com:843
           cert = pkcs11:token=MyToken;object=KeyCert

NOTES

   RESTRICTIONS
       stunnel cannot be used for the FTP daemon because of the nature of the FTP protocol which
       utilizes multiple ports for data transfers.  There are available TLS-enabled versions of
       FTP and telnet daemons, however.

   INETD MODE
       The most common use of stunnel is to listen on a network port and establish communication
       with either a new port via the connect option, or a new program via the exec option.
       However there is a special case when you wish to have some other program accept incoming
       connections and launch stunnel, for example with inetd, xinetd, or tcpserver.

       For example, if you have the following line in inetd.conf:

           imaps stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/stunnel stunnel /etc/stunnel/imaps.conf

       In these cases, the inetd-style program is responsible for binding a network socket (imaps
       above) and handing it to stunnel when a connection is received.  Thus you do not want
       stunnel to have any accept option.  All the Service Level Options should be placed in the
       global options section, and no [service_name] section will be present.  See the EXAMPLES
       section for example configurations.

   CERTIFICATES
       Each TLS-enabled daemon needs to present a valid X.509 certificate to the peer. It also
       needs a private key to decrypt the incoming data. The easiest way to obtain a certificate
       and a key is to generate them with the free OpenSSL package. You can find more information
       on certificates generation on pages listed below.

       The .pem file should contain the unencrypted private key and a signed certificate (not
       certificate request).  So the file should look like this:

           -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
           [encoded key]
           -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
           -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
           [encoded certificate]

           -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   RANDOMNESS
       stunnel needs to seed the PRNG (pseudo-random number generator) in order for TLS to use
       good randomness.  The following sources are loaded in order until sufficient random data
       has been gathered:

       •   The file specified with the RNDfile flag.

       •   The file specified by the RANDFILE environment variable, if set.

       •   The file .rnd in your home directory, if RANDFILE not set.

       •   The file specified with '--with-random' at compile time.

       •   The contents of the screen if running on Windows.

       •   The egd socket specified with the EGD flag.

       •   The egd socket specified with '--with-egd-sock' at compile time.

       •   The /dev/urandom device.

       Note that on Windows machines that do not have console user interaction (mouse movements,
       creating windows, etc.) the screen contents are not variable enough to be sufficient, and
       you should provide a random file for use with the RNDfile flag.

       Note that the file specified with the RNDfile flag should contain random data -- that
       means it should contain different information each time stunnel is run.  This is handled
       automatically unless the RNDoverwrite flag is used.  If you wish to update this file
       manually, the openssl rand command in recent versions of OpenSSL, would be useful.

       Important note: If /dev/urandom is available, OpenSSL often seeds the PRNG with it while
       checking the random state.  On systems with /dev/urandom OpenSSL is likely to use it even
       though it is listed at the very bottom of the list above.  This is the behaviour of
       OpenSSL and not stunnel.

   DH PARAMETERS
       stunnel 4.40 and later contains hardcoded 2048-bit DH parameters.  Starting with stunnel
       5.18, these hardcoded DH parameters are replaced every 24 hours with autogenerated
       temporary DH parameters.  DH parameter generation may take several minutes.

       Alternatively, it is possible to specify static DH parameters in the certificate file,
       which disables generating temporary DH parameters:

           openssl dhparam 2048 >> stunnel.pem

FILES

       @sysconfdir@/stunnel/stunnel.conf
           stunnel configuration file

BUGS

       The execArgs option and the Win32 command line do not support quoting.

SEE ALSO

       tcpd(8)
           access control facility for internet services

       inetd(8)
           internet 'super-server'

       http://www.stunnel.org/
           stunnel homepage

       http://www.openssl.org/
           OpenSSL project website

AUTHOR

       Michał Trojnara
           <Michal.Trojnara@stunnel.org>