Provided by: git-man_2.43.0-1ubuntu7.1_all bug

NAME

       git-fetch - Download objects and refs from another repository

SYNOPSIS

       git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
       git fetch [<options>] <group>
       git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]
       git fetch --all [<options>]

DESCRIPTION

       Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more other repositories,
       along with the objects necessary to complete their histories. Remote-tracking branches are
       updated (see the description of <refspec> below for ways to control this behavior).

       By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is also fetched; the
       effect is to fetch tags that point at branches that you are interested in. This default
       behavior can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by configuring
       remote.<name>.tagOpt. By using a refspec that fetches tags explicitly, you can fetch tags
       that do not point into branches you are interested in as well.

       git fetch can fetch from either a single named repository or URL, or from several
       repositories at once if <group> is given and there is a remotes.<group> entry in the
       configuration file. (See git-config(1)).

       When no remote is specified, by default the origin remote will be used, unless there’s an
       upstream branch configured for the current branch.

       The names of refs that are fetched, together with the object names they point at, are
       written to .git/FETCH_HEAD. This information may be used by scripts or other git commands,
       such as git-pull(1).

OPTIONS

       --all
           Fetch all remotes.

       -a, --append
           Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the existing contents of
           .git/FETCH_HEAD. Without this option old data in .git/FETCH_HEAD will be overwritten.

       --atomic
           Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are updated, or on
           error, no refs are updated.

       --depth=<depth>
           Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote branch
           history. If fetching to a shallow repository created by git clone with --depth=<depth>
           option (see git-clone(1)), deepen or shorten the history to the specified number of
           commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.

       --deepen=<depth>
           Similar to --depth, except it specifies the number of commits from the current shallow
           boundary instead of from the tip of each remote branch history.

       --shallow-since=<date>
           Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to include all reachable commits
           after <date>.

       --shallow-exclude=<revision>
           Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to exclude commits reachable
           from a specified remote branch or tag. This option can be specified multiple times.

       --unshallow
           If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow repository to a complete one,
           removing all the limitations imposed by shallow repositories.

           If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that the current
           repository has the same history as the source repository.

       --update-shallow
           By default when fetching from a shallow repository, git fetch refuses refs that
           require updating .git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accepts such refs.

       --negotiation-tip=<commit|glob>
           By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable from all local refs to
           find common commits in an attempt to reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile.
           If specified, Git will only report commits reachable from the given tips. This is
           useful to speed up fetches when the user knows which local ref is likely to have
           commits in common with the upstream ref being fetched.

           This option may be specified more than once; if so, Git will report commits reachable
           from any of the given commits.

           The argument to this option may be a glob on ref names, a ref, or the (possibly
           abbreviated) SHA-1 of a commit. Specifying a glob is equivalent to specifying this
           option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.

           See also the fetch.negotiationAlgorithm and push.negotiate configuration variables
           documented in git-config(1), and the --negotiate-only option below.

       --negotiate-only
           Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the ancestors of the provided
           --negotiation-tip=* arguments, which we have in common with the server.

           This is incompatible with --recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand]. Internally this is
           used to implement the push.negotiate option, see git-config(1).

       --dry-run
           Show what would be done, without making any changes.

       --porcelain
           Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. See
           section OUTPUT in git-fetch(1) for details.

           This is incompatible with --recurse-submodules=[yes|on-demand] and takes precedence
           over the fetch.output config option.

       --[no-]write-fetch-head
           Write the list of remote refs fetched in the FETCH_HEAD file directly under $GIT_DIR.
           This is the default. Passing --no-write-fetch-head from the command line tells Git not
           to write the file. Under --dry-run option, the file is never written.

       -f, --force
           When git fetch is used with <src>:<dst> refspec, it may refuse to update the local
           branch as discussed in the <refspec> part below. This option overrides that check.

       -k, --keep
           Keep downloaded pack.

       --multiple
           Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be specified. No <refspec>s may be
           specified.

       --[no-]auto-maintenance, --[no-]auto-gc
           Run git maintenance run --auto at the end to perform automatic repository maintenance
           if needed. (--[no-]auto-gc is a synonym.) This is enabled by default.

       --[no-]write-commit-graph
           Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config setting
           fetch.writeCommitGraph.

       --prefetch
           Modify the configured refspec to place all refs into the refs/prefetch/ namespace. See
           the prefetch task in git-maintenance(1).

       -p, --prune
           Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the
           remote. Tags are not subject to pruning if they are fetched only because of the
           default tag auto-following or due to a --tags option. However, if tags are fetched due
           to an explicit refspec (either on the command line or in the remote configuration, for
           example if the remote was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also subject
           to pruning. Supplying --prune-tags is a shorthand for providing the tag refspec.

           See the PRUNING section below for more details.

       -P, --prune-tags
           Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on the remote if --prune
           is enabled. This option should be used more carefully, unlike --prune it will remove
           any local references (local tags) that have been created. This option is a shorthand
           for providing the explicit tag refspec along with --prune, see the discussion about
           that in its documentation.

           See the PRUNING section below for more details.

       -n, --no-tags
           By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded from the remote repository
           are fetched and stored locally. This option disables this automatic tag following. The
           default behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt setting.
           See git-config(1).

       --refetch
           Instead of negotiating with the server to avoid transferring commits and associated
           objects that are already present locally, this option fetches all objects as a fresh
           clone would. Use this to reapply a partial clone filter from configuration or using
           --filter= when the filter definition has changed. Automatic post-fetch maintenance
           will perform object database pack consolidation to remove any duplicate objects.

       --refmap=<refspec>
           When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the specified refspec (can be given
           more than once) to map the refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
           remote.*.fetch configuration variables for the remote repository. Providing an empty
           <refspec> to the --refmap option causes Git to ignore the configured refspecs and rely
           entirely on the refspecs supplied as command-line arguments. See section on
           "Configured Remote-tracking Branches" for details.

       -t, --tags
           Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags refs/tags/* into local tags
           with the same name), in addition to whatever else would otherwise be fetched. Using
           this option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune is used (though
           tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the destination of an explicit refspec; see
           --prune).

       --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]
           This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of submodules should be
           fetched too. When recursing through submodules, git fetch always attempts to fetch
           "changed" submodules, that is, a submodule that has commits that are referenced by a
           newly fetched superproject commit but are missing in the local submodule clone. A
           changed submodule can be fetched as long as it is present locally e.g. in
           $GIT_DIR/modules/ (see gitsubmodules(7)); if the upstream adds a new submodule, that
           submodule cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by git submodule update.

           When set to on-demand, only changed submodules are fetched. When set to yes, all
           populated submodules are fetched and submodules that are both unpopulated and changed
           are fetched. When set to no, submodules are never fetched.

           When unspecified, this uses the value of fetch.recurseSubmodules if it is set (see
           git-config(1)), defaulting to on-demand if unset. When this option is used without any
           value, it defaults to yes.

       -j, --jobs=<n>
           Number of parallel children to be used for all forms of fetching.

           If the --multiple option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched in
           parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in parallel. To
           control them independently, use the config settings fetch.parallel and
           submodule.fetchJobs (see git-config(1)).

           Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By default
           fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.

       --no-recurse-submodules
           Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as using the
           --recurse-submodules=no option).

       --set-upstream
           If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream (tracking) reference, used by
           argument-less git-pull(1) and other commands. For more information, see
           branch.<name>.merge and branch.<name>.remote in git-config(1).

       --submodule-prefix=<path>
           Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages such as "Fetching submodule
           foo". This option is used internally when recursing over submodules.

       --recurse-submodules-default=[yes|on-demand]
           This option is used internally to temporarily provide a non-negative default value for
           the --recurse-submodules option. All other methods of configuring fetch’s submodule
           recursion (such as settings in gitmodules(5) and git-config(1)) override this option,
           as does specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.

       -u, --update-head-ok
           By default git fetch refuses to update the head which corresponds to the current
           branch. This flag disables the check. This is purely for the internal use for git pull
           to communicate with git fetch, and unless you are implementing your own Porcelain you
           are not supposed to use it.

       --upload-pack <upload-pack>
           When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled by git fetch-pack,
           --exec=<upload-pack> is passed to the command to specify non-default path for the
           command run on the other end.

       -q, --quiet
           Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally used git commands.
           Progress is not reported to the standard error stream.

       -v, --verbose
           Be verbose.

       --progress
           Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by default when it is
           attached to a terminal, unless -q is specified. This flag forces progress status even
           if the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.

       -o <option>, --server-option=<option>
           Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using protocol version 2.
           The given string must not contain a NUL or LF character. The server’s handling of
           server options, including unknown ones, is server-specific. When multiple
           --server-option=<option> are given, they are all sent to the other side in the order
           listed on the command line.

       --show-forced-updates
           By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during fetch. This can be disabled
           through fetch.showForcedUpdates, but the --show-forced-updates option guarantees this
           check occurs. See git-config(1).

       --no-show-forced-updates
           By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during fetch. Pass
           --no-show-forced-updates or set fetch.showForcedUpdates to false to skip this check
           for performance reasons. If used during git-pull the --ff-only option will still check
           for forced updates before attempting a fast-forward update. See git-config(1).

       -4, --ipv4
           Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.

       -6, --ipv6
           Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.

       <repository>
           The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch or pull operation. This
           parameter can be either a URL (see the section GIT URLS below) or the name of a remote
           (see the section REMOTES below).

       <group>
           A name referring to a list of repositories as the value of remotes.<group> in the
           configuration file. (See git-config(1)).

       <refspec>
           Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update. When no <refspec>s
           appear on the command line, the refs to fetch are read from remote.<repository>.fetch
           variables instead (see CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES below).

           The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus +, followed by the source
           <src>, followed by a colon :, followed by the destination ref <dst>. The colon can be
           omitted when <dst> is empty. <src> is typically a ref, but it can also be a fully
           spelled hex object name.

           A <refspec> may contain a * in its <src> to indicate a simple pattern match. Such a
           refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the same prefix. A pattern
           <refspec> must have a * in both the <src> and <dst>. It will map refs to the
           destination by replacing the * with the contents matched from the source.

           If a refspec is prefixed by ^, it will be interpreted as a negative refspec. Rather
           than specifying which refs to fetch or which local refs to update, such a refspec will
           instead specify refs to exclude. A ref will be considered to match if it matches at
           least one positive refspec, and does not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs
           can be useful to restrict the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include
           specific refs. Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may
           only contain a <src> and do not specify a <dst>. Fully spelled out hex object names
           are also not supported.

           tag <tag> means the same as refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>; it requests fetching
           everything up to the given tag.

           The remote ref that matches <src> is fetched, and if <dst> is not an empty string, an
           attempt is made to update the local ref that matches it.

           Whether that update is allowed without --force depends on the ref namespace it’s being
           fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and whether the update is considered to
           be a fast-forward. Generally, the same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see
           the <refspec>...  section of git-push(1) for what those are. Exceptions to those rules
           particular to git fetch are noted below.

           Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with git-push(1), any updates to
           refs/tags/* would be accepted without + in the refspec (or --force). When fetching, we
           promiscuously considered all tag updates from a remote to be forced fetches. Since Git
           version 2.20, fetching to update refs/tags/* works the same way as when pushing. I.e.
           any updates will be rejected without + in the refspec (or --force).

           Unlike when pushing with git-push(1), any updates outside of refs/{tags,heads}/* will
           be accepted without + in the refspec (or --force), whether that’s swapping e.g. a tree
           object for a blob, or a commit for another commit that doesn’t have the previous
           commit as an ancestor etc.

           Unlike when pushing with git-push(1), there is no configuration which’ll amend these
           rules, and nothing like a pre-fetch hook analogous to the pre-receive hook.

           As with pushing with git-push(1), all of the rules described above about what’s not
           allowed as an update can be overridden by adding an optional leading + to a refspec
           (or using the --force command line option). The only exception to this is that no
           amount of forcing will make the refs/heads/* namespace accept a non-commit object.

               Note
               When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to be rewound and rebased
               regularly, it is expected that its new tip will not be a descendant of its
               previous tip (as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time you fetched).
               You would want to use the + sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will be
               needed for such branches. There is no way to determine or declare that a branch
               will be made available in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
               must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.

       --stdin
           Read refspecs, one per line, from stdin in addition to those provided as arguments.
           The "tag <name>" format is not supported.

GIT URLS

       In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the address of the
       remote server, and the path to the repository. Depending on the transport protocol, some
       of this information may be absent.

       Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp and ftps can be used
       for fetching, but this is inefficient and deprecated; do not use them).

       The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and should be used with
       caution on unsecured networks.

       The following syntaxes may be used with them:

       •   ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/

       •   git://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/

       •   http[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/

       •   ftp[s]://host.xz[:port]/path/to/repo.git/

       An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:

       •   [user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git/

       This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the first colon. This helps
       differentiate a local path that contains a colon. For example the local path foo:bar could
       be specified as an absolute path or ./foo:bar to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh url.

       The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:

       •   ssh://[user@]host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/

       •   git://host.xz[:port]/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/

       •   [user@]host.xz:/~[user]/path/to/repo.git/

       For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be
       used:

       •   /path/to/repo.git/

       •   file:///path/to/repo.git/

       These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when the former implies
       --local option. See git-clone(1) for details.

       git clone, git fetch and git pull, but not git push, will also accept a suitable bundle
       file. See git-bundle(1).

       When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it attempts to use the
       remote-<transport> remote helper, if one exists. To explicitly request a remote helper,
       the following syntax may be used:

       •   <transport>::<address>

       where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary URL-like string
       recognized by the specific remote helper being invoked. See gitremote-helpers(7) for
       details.

       If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and you want to use a
       different format for them (such that the URLs you use will be rewritten into URLs that
       work), you can create a configuration section of the form:

                   [url "<actual url base>"]
                           insteadOf = <other url base>

       For example, with this:

                   [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
                           insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
                           insteadOf = work:

       a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten in any
       context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".

       If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a configuration section of the
       form:

                   [url "<actual url base>"]
                           pushInsteadOf = <other url base>

       For example, with this:

                   [url "ssh://example.org/"]
                           pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/

       a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
       "ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still use the original
       URL.

REMOTES

       The name of one of the following can be used instead of a URL as <repository> argument:

       •   a remote in the Git configuration file: $GIT_DIR/config,

       •   a file in the $GIT_DIR/remotes directory, or

       •   a file in the $GIT_DIR/branches directory.

       All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line because they each
       contain a refspec which git will use by default.

   Named remote in configuration file
       You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously configured using
       git-remote(1), git-config(1) or even by a manual edit to the $GIT_DIR/config file. The URL
       of this remote will be used to access the repository. The refspec of this remote will be
       used by default when you do not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry in the
       config file would appear like this:

                   [remote "<name>"]
                           url = <URL>
                           pushurl = <pushurl>
                           push = <refspec>
                           fetch = <refspec>

       The <pushurl> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults to <URL>. Pushing to a
       remote affects all defined pushurls or all defined urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch,
       however, will only fetch from the first defined url if multiple urls are defined.

   Named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes
       You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/remotes. The URL in this file
       will be used to access the repository. The refspec in this file will be used as default
       when you do not provide a refspec on the command line. This file should have the following
       format:

                   URL: one of the above URL formats
                   Push: <refspec>
                   Pull: <refspec>

       Push: lines are used by git push and Pull: lines are used by git pull and git fetch.
       Multiple Push: and Pull: lines may be specified for additional branch mappings.

   Named file in $GIT_DIR/branches
       You can choose to provide the name of a file in $GIT_DIR/branches. The URL in this file
       will be used to access the repository. This file should have the following format:

                   <URL>#<head>

       <URL> is required; #<head> is optional.

       Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following refspecs, if you don’t
       provide one on the command line. <branch> is the name of this file in $GIT_DIR/branches
       and <head> defaults to master.

       git fetch uses:

                   refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch>

       git push uses:

                   HEAD:refs/heads/<head>

CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES

       You often interact with the same remote repository by regularly and repeatedly fetching
       from it. In order to keep track of the progress of such a remote repository, git fetch
       allows you to configure remote.<repository>.fetch configuration variables.

       Typically such a variable may look like this:

           [remote "origin"]
                   fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

       This configuration is used in two ways:

       •   When git fetch is run without specifying what branches and/or tags to fetch on the
           command line, e.g.  git fetch origin or git fetch, remote.<repository>.fetch values
           are used as the refspecs—they specify which refs to fetch and which local refs to
           update. The example above will fetch all branches that exist in the origin (i.e. any
           ref that matches the left-hand side of the value, refs/heads/*) and update the
           corresponding remote-tracking branches in the refs/remotes/origin/* hierarchy.

       •   When git fetch is run with explicit branches and/or tags to fetch on the command line,
           e.g.  git fetch origin master, the <refspec>s given on the command line determine what
           are to be fetched (e.g.  master in the example, which is a short-hand for master:,
           which in turn means "fetch the master branch but I do not explicitly say what
           remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"), and the example
           command will fetch only the master branch. The remote.<repository>.fetch values
           determine which remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated. When used in this way, the
           remote.<repository>.fetch values do not have any effect in deciding what gets fetched
           (i.e. the values are not used as refspecs when the command-line lists refspecs); they
           are only used to decide where the refs that are fetched are stored by acting as a
           mapping.

       The latter use of the remote.<repository>.fetch values can be overridden by giving the
       --refmap=<refspec> parameter(s) on the command line.

PRUNING

       Git has a default disposition of keeping data unless it’s explicitly thrown away; this
       extends to holding onto local references to branches on remotes that have themselves
       deleted those branches.

       If left to accumulate, these stale references might make performance worse on big and busy
       repos that have a lot of branch churn, and e.g. make the output of commands like git
       branch -a --contains <commit> needlessly verbose, as well as impacting anything else
       that’ll work with the complete set of known references.

       These remote-tracking references can be deleted as a one-off with either of:

           # While fetching
           $ git fetch --prune <name>

           # Only prune, don't fetch
           $ git remote prune <name>

       To prune references as part of your normal workflow without needing to remember to run
       that, set fetch.prune globally, or remote.<name>.prune per-remote in the config. See git-
       config(1).

       Here’s where things get tricky and more specific. The pruning feature doesn’t actually
       care about branches, instead it’ll prune local ←→ remote-references as a function of the
       refspec of the remote (see <refspec> and CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES above).

       Therefore if the refspec for the remote includes e.g. refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*, or you
       manually run e.g. git fetch --prune <name> "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*" it won’t be stale
       remote tracking branches that are deleted, but any local tag that doesn’t exist on the
       remote.

       This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote <name>, but also
       explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch from it you delete all your local tags,
       most of which may not have come from the <name> remote in the first place.

       So be careful when using this with a refspec like refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*, or any other
       refspec which might map references from multiple remotes to the same local namespace.

       Since keeping up-to-date with both branches and tags on the remote is a common use-case
       the --prune-tags option can be supplied along with --prune to prune local tags that don’t
       exist on the remote, and force-update those tags that differ. Tag pruning can also be
       enabled with fetch.pruneTags or remote.<name>.pruneTags in the config. See git-config(1).

       The --prune-tags option is equivalent to having refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* declared in the
       refspecs of the remote. This can lead to some seemingly strange interactions:

           # These both fetch tags
           $ git fetch --no-tags origin 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
           $ git fetch --no-tags --prune-tags origin

       The reason it doesn’t error out when provided without --prune or its config versions is
       for flexibility of the configured versions, and to maintain a 1=1 mapping between what the
       command line flags do, and what the configuration versions do.

       It’s reasonable to e.g. configure fetch.pruneTags=true in ~/.gitconfig to have tags pruned
       whenever git fetch --prune is run, without making every invocation of git fetch without
       --prune an error.

       Pruning tags with --prune-tags also works when fetching a URL instead of a named remote.
       These will all prune tags not found on origin:

           $ git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags
           $ git fetch origin --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
           $ git fetch <url of origin> --prune --prune-tags
           $ git fetch <url of origin> --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'

OUTPUT

       The output of "git fetch" depends on the transport method used; this section describes the
       output when fetching over the Git protocol (either locally or via ssh) and Smart HTTP
       protocol.

       The status of the fetch is output in tabular form, with each line representing the status
       of a single ref. Each line is of the form:

            <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> [<reason>]

       When using --porcelain, the output format is intended to be machine-parseable. In contrast
       to the human-readable output formats it thus prints to standard output instead of standard
       error. Each line is of the form:

           <flag> <old-object-id> <new-object-id> <local-reference>

       The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if the --verbose option is used.

       In compact output mode, specified with configuration variable fetch.output, if either
       entire <from> or <to> is found in the other string, it will be substituted with * in the
       other string. For example, master -> origin/master becomes master -> origin/*.

       flag
           A single character indicating the status of the ref:

           (space)
               for a successfully fetched fast-forward;

           +
               for a successful forced update;

           -
               for a successfully pruned ref;

           t
               for a successful tag update;

           *
               for a successfully fetched new ref;

           !
               for a ref that was rejected or failed to update; and

           =
               for a ref that was up to date and did not need fetching.

       summary
           For a successfully fetched ref, the summary shows the old and new values of the ref in
           a form suitable for using as an argument to git log (this is <old>..<new> in most
           cases, and <old>...<new> for forced non-fast-forward updates).

       from
           The name of the remote ref being fetched from, minus its refs/<type>/ prefix. In the
           case of deletion, the name of the remote ref is "(none)".

       to
           The name of the local ref being updated, minus its refs/<type>/ prefix.

       reason
           A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully fetched refs, no explanation
           is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for failure is described.

EXAMPLES

       •   Update the remote-tracking branches:

               $ git fetch origin

           The above command copies all branches from the remote refs/heads/ namespace and stores
           them to the local refs/remotes/origin/ namespace, unless the remote.<repository>.fetch
           option is used to specify a non-default refspec.

       •   Using refspecs explicitly:

               $ git fetch origin +seen:seen maint:tmp

           This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches seen and tmp in the local repository
           by fetching from the branches (respectively) seen and maint from the remote
           repository.

           The seen branch will be updated even if it does not fast-forward, because it is
           prefixed with a plus sign; tmp will not be.

       •   Peek at a remote’s branch, without configuring the remote in your local repository:

               $ git fetch git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git maint
               $ git log FETCH_HEAD

           The first command fetches the maint branch from the repository at
           git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git and the second command uses FETCH_HEAD to
           examine the branch with git-log(1). The fetched objects will eventually be removed by
           git’s built-in housekeeping (see git-gc(1)).

SECURITY

       The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from stealing data from
       the other repository that was not intended to be shared. If you have private data that you
       need to protect from a malicious peer, your best option is to store it in another
       repository. This applies to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a
       server are not effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
       namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire repository.

       The known attack vectors are as follows:

        1. The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that are not
           explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the transfer if the peer
           also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X to steal and sends a ref to X, but
           isn’t required to send the content of X because the victim already has it. Now the
           victim believes that the attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the
           attacker later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
           server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access to and then
           fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it on a client is to "merge"
           X into a public branch and hope that the user does additional work on this branch and
           pushes it back to the server without noticing the merge.)

        2. As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends an object Y
           that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely claims to have X and not Y, so
           the victim sends Y as a delta against X. The delta reveals regions of X that are
           similar to Y to the attacker.

CONFIGURATION

       Everything below this line in this section is selectively included from the git-config(1)
       documentation. The content is the same as what’s found there:

       fetch.recurseSubmodules
           This option controls whether git fetch (and the underlying fetch in git pull) will
           recursively fetch into populated submodules. This option can be set either to a
           boolean value or to on-demand. Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch
           and pull to recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not recurse
           at all when set to false. When set to on-demand, fetch and pull will only recurse into
           a populated submodule when its superproject retrieves a commit that updates the
           submodule’s reference. Defaults to on-demand, or to the value of submodule.recurse if
           set.

       fetch.fsckObjects
           If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched objects. See
           transfer.fsckObjects for what’s checked. Defaults to false. If not set, the value of
           transfer.fsckObjects is used instead.

       fetch.fsck.<msg-id>
           Acts like fsck.<msg-id>, but is used by git-fetch-pack(1) instead of git-fsck(1). See
           the fsck.<msg-id> documentation for details.

       fetch.fsck.skipList
           Acts like fsck.skipList, but is used by git-fetch-pack(1) instead of git-fsck(1). See
           the fsck.skipList documentation for details.

       fetch.unpackLimit
           If the number of objects fetched over the Git native transfer is below this limit,
           then the objects will be unpacked into loose object files. However if the number of
           received objects equals or exceeds this limit then the received pack will be stored as
           a pack, after adding any missing delta bases. Storing the pack from a push can make
           the push operation complete faster, especially on slow filesystems. If not set, the
           value of transfer.unpackLimit is used instead.

       fetch.prune
           If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the --prune option was given on the
           command line. See also remote.<name>.prune and the PRUNING section of git-fetch(1).

       fetch.pruneTags
           If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* refspec was
           provided when pruning, if not set already. This allows for setting both this option
           and fetch.prune to maintain a 1=1 mapping to upstream refs. See also
           remote.<name>.pruneTags and the PRUNING section of git-fetch(1).

       fetch.output
           Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are full and compact. Default
           value is full. See the OUTPUT section in git-fetch(1) for details.

       fetch.negotiationAlgorithm
           Control how information about the commits in the local repository is sent when
           negotiating the contents of the packfile to be sent by the server. Set to
           "consecutive" to use an algorithm that walks over consecutive commits checking each
           one. Set to "skipping" to use an algorithm that skips commits in an effort to converge
           faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary packfile; or set to "noop" to not
           send any information at all, which will almost certainly result in a
           larger-than-necessary packfile, but will skip the negotiation step. Set to "default"
           to override settings made previously and use the default behaviour. The default is
           normally "consecutive", but if feature.experimental is true, then the default is
           "skipping". Unknown values will cause git fetch to error out.

           See also the --negotiate-only and --negotiation-tip options to git-fetch(1).

       fetch.showForcedUpdates
           Set to false to enable --no-show-forced-updates in git-fetch(1) and git-pull(1)
           commands. Defaults to true.

       fetch.parallel
           Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel at a time
           (submodules, or remotes when the --multiple option of git-fetch(1) is in effect).

           A value of 0 will give some reasonable default. If unset, it defaults to 1.

           For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the submodule.fetchJobs config
           setting.

       fetch.writeCommitGraph
           Set to true to write a commit-graph after every git fetch command that downloads a
           pack-file from a remote. Using the --split option, most executions will create a very
           small commit-graph file on top of the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally,
           these files will merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
           file helps performance of many Git commands, including git merge-base, git push -f,
           and git log --graph. Defaults to false.

       fetch.bundleURI
           This value stores a URI for downloading Git object data from a bundle URI before
           performing an incremental fetch from the origin Git server. This is similar to how the
           --bundle-uri option behaves in git-clone(1).  git clone --bundle-uri will set the
           fetch.bundleURI value if the supplied bundle URI contains a bundle list that is
           organized for incremental fetches.

           If you modify this value and your repository has a fetch.bundleCreationToken value,
           then remove that fetch.bundleCreationToken value before fetching from the new bundle
           URI.

       fetch.bundleCreationToken
           When using fetch.bundleURI to fetch incrementally from a bundle list that uses the
           "creationToken" heuristic, this config value stores the maximum creationToken value of
           the downloaded bundles. This value is used to prevent downloading bundles in the
           future if the advertised creationToken is not strictly larger than this value.

           The creation token values are chosen by the provider serving the specific bundle URI.
           If you modify the URI at fetch.bundleURI, then be sure to remove the value for the
           fetch.bundleCreationToken value before fetching.

BUGS

       Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in submodules that are present
       locally e.g. in $GIT_DIR/modules/. If the upstream adds a new submodule, that submodule
       cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by git submodule update. This is expected to be
       fixed in a future Git version.

SEE ALSO

       git-pull(1)

GIT

       Part of the git(1) suite