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NAME
git-merge - Join two or more development histories together
SYNOPSIS
git merge [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit]
[--no-verify] [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<keyid>]]
[--[no-]allow-unrelated-histories]
[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [-F <file>]
[--into-name <branch>] [<commit>...]
git merge (--continue | --abort | --quit)
DESCRIPTION
Incorporates changes from the named commits (since the time their histories diverged from the current
branch) into the current branch. This command is used by git pull to incorporate changes from another
repository and can be used by hand to merge changes from one branch into another.
Assume the following history exists and the current branch is "master":
A---B---C topic
/
D---E---F---G master
Then "git merge topic" will replay the changes made on the topic branch since it diverged from master
(i.e., E) until its current commit (C) on top of master, and record the result in a new commit along with
the names of the two parent commits and a log message from the user describing the changes. Before the
operation, ORIG_HEAD is set to the tip of the current branch (C).
A---B---C topic
/ \
D---E---F---G---H master
The second syntax ("git merge --abort") can only be run after the merge has resulted in conflicts. git
merge --abort will abort the merge process and try to reconstruct the pre-merge state. However, if there
were uncommitted changes when the merge started (and especially if those changes were further modified
after the merge was started), git merge --abort will in some cases be unable to reconstruct the original
(pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
Warning: Running git merge with non-trivial uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it may
leave you in a state that is hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
The third syntax ("git merge --continue") can only be run after the merge has resulted in conflicts.
OPTIONS
--commit, --no-commit
Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override --no-commit.
With --no-commit perform the merge and stop just before creating a merge commit, to give the user a
chance to inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
Note that fast-forward updates do not create a merge commit and therefore there is no way to stop
those merges with --no-commit. Thus, if you want to ensure your branch is not changed or updated by
the merge command, use --no-ff with --no-commit.
--edit, -e, --no-edit
Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to further edit the auto-generated
merge message, so that the user can explain and justify the merge. The --no-edit option can be used
to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally discouraged). The --edit (or -e) option is
still useful if you are giving a draft message with the -m option from the command line and want to
edit it in the editor.
Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the user to edit the merge log
message. They will see an editor opened when they run git merge. To make it easier to adjust such
scripts to the updated behaviour, the environment variable GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT can be set to no at the
beginning of them.
--cleanup=<mode>
This option determines how the merge message will be cleaned up before committing. See git-commit(1)
for more details. In addition, if the <mode> is given a value of scissors, scissors will be appended
to MERGE_MSG before being passed on to the commit machinery in the case of a merge conflict.
--ff, --no-ff, --ff-only
Specifies how a merge is handled when the merged-in history is already a descendant of the current
history. --ff is the default unless merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag that is not
stored in its natural place in the refs/tags/ hierarchy, in which case --no-ff is assumed.
With --ff, when possible resolve the merge as a fast-forward (only update the branch pointer to match
the merged branch; do not create a merge commit). When not possible (when the merged-in history is
not a descendant of the current history), create a merge commit.
With --no-ff, create a merge commit in all cases, even when the merge could instead be resolved as a
fast-forward.
With --ff-only, resolve the merge as a fast-forward when possible. When not possible, refuse to merge
and exit with a non-zero status.
-S[<keyid>], --gpg-sign[=<keyid>], --no-gpg-sign
GPG-sign the resulting merge commit. The keyid argument is optional and defaults to the committer
identity; if specified, it must be stuck to the option without a space. --no-gpg-sign is useful to
countermand both commit.gpgSign configuration variable, and earlier --gpg-sign.
--log[=<n>], --no-log
In addition to branch names, populate the log message with one-line descriptions from at most <n>
actual commits that are being merged. See also git-fmt-merge-msg(1).
With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being merged.
--signoff, --no-signoff
Add a Signed-off-by trailer by the committer at the end of the commit log message. The meaning of a
signoff depends on the project to which you’re committing. For example, it may certify that the
committer has the rights to submit the work under the project’s license or agrees to some contributor
representation, such as a Developer Certificate of Origin. (See http://developercertificate.org for
the one used by the Linux kernel and Git projects.) Consult the documentation or leadership of the
project to which you’re contributing to understand how the signoffs are used in that project.
The --no-signoff option can be used to countermand an earlier --signoff option on the command line.
--stat, -n, --no-stat
Show a diffstat at the end of the merge. The diffstat is also controlled by the configuration option
merge.stat.
With -n or --no-stat do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge.
--squash, --no-squash
Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge happened (except for the merge
information), but do not actually make a commit, move the HEAD, or record $GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD (to
cause the next git commit command to create a merge commit). This allows you to create a single
commit on top of the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another branch (or more in
case of an octopus).
With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This option can be used to override
--squash.
With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail.
--[no-]verify
By default, the pre-merge and commit-msg hooks are run. When --no-verify is given, these are
bypassed. See also githooks(5).
-s <strategy>, --strategy=<strategy>
Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than once to specify them in the order they should
be tried. If there is no -s option, a built-in list of strategies is used instead (ort when merging a
single head, octopus otherwise).
-X <option>, --strategy-option=<option>
Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge strategy.
--verify-signatures, --no-verify-signatures
Verify that the tip commit of the side branch being merged is signed with a valid key, i.e. a key
that has a valid uid: in the default trust model, this means the signing key has been signed by a
trusted key. If the tip commit of the side branch is not signed with a valid key, the merge is
aborted.
--summary, --no-summary
Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be removed in the future.
-q, --quiet
Operate quietly. Implies --no-progress.
-v, --verbose
Be verbose.
--progress, --no-progress
Turn progress on/off explicitly. If neither is specified, progress is shown if standard error is
connected to a terminal. Note that not all merge strategies may support progress reporting.
--autostash, --no-autostash
Automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation begins, record it in the special
ref MERGE_AUTOSTASH and apply it after the operation ends. This means that you can run the operation
on a dirty worktree. However, use with care: the final stash application after a successful merge
might result in non-trivial conflicts.
--allow-unrelated-histories
By default, git merge command refuses to merge histories that do not share a common ancestor. This
option can be used to override this safety when merging histories of two projects that started their
lives independently. As that is a very rare occasion, no configuration variable to enable this by
default exists and will not be added.
-m <msg>
Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in case one is created).
If --log is specified, a shortlog of the commits being merged will be appended to the specified
message.
The git fmt-merge-msg command can be used to give a good default for automated git merge invocations.
The automated message can include the branch description.
--into-name <branch>
Prepare the default merge message as if merging to the branch <branch>, instead of the name of the
real branch to which the merge is made.
-F <file>, --file=<file>
Read the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in case one is created).
If --log is specified, a shortlog of the commits being merged will be appended to the specified
message.
--rerere-autoupdate, --no-rerere-autoupdate
After the rerere mechanism reuses a recorded resolution on the current conflict to update the files
in the working tree, allow it to also update the index with the result of resolution.
--no-rerere-autoupdate is a good way to double-check what rerere did and catch potential mismerges,
before committing the result to the index with a separate git add.
--overwrite-ignore, --no-overwrite-ignore
Silently overwrite ignored files from the merge result. This is the default behavior. Use
--no-overwrite-ignore to abort.
--abort
Abort the current conflict resolution process, and try to reconstruct the pre-merge state. If an
autostash entry is present, apply it to the worktree.
If there were uncommitted worktree changes present when the merge started, git merge --abort will in
some cases be unable to reconstruct these changes. It is therefore recommended to always commit or
stash your changes before running git merge.
git merge --abort is equivalent to git reset --merge when MERGE_HEAD is present unless
MERGE_AUTOSTASH is also present in which case git merge --abort applies the stash entry to the
worktree whereas git reset --merge will save the stashed changes in the stash list.
--quit
Forget about the current merge in progress. Leave the index and the working tree as-is. If
MERGE_AUTOSTASH is present, the stash entry will be saved to the stash list.
--continue
After a git merge stops due to conflicts you can conclude the merge by running git merge --continue
(see "HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS" section below).
<commit>...
Commits, usually other branch heads, to merge into our branch. Specifying more than one commit will
create a merge with more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge).
If no commit is given from the command line, merge the remote-tracking branches that the current
branch is configured to use as its upstream. See also the configuration section of this manual page.
When FETCH_HEAD (and no other commit) is specified, the branches recorded in the .git/FETCH_HEAD file
by the previous invocation of git fetch for merging are merged to the current branch.
PRE-MERGE CHECKS
Before applying outside changes, you should get your own work in good shape and committed locally, so it
will not be clobbered if there are conflicts. See also git-stash(1). git pull and git merge will stop
without doing anything when local uncommitted changes overlap with files that git pull/git merge may need
to update.
To avoid recording unrelated changes in the merge commit, git pull and git merge will also abort if there
are any changes registered in the index relative to the HEAD commit. (Special narrow exceptions to this
rule may exist depending on which merge strategy is in use, but generally, the index must match HEAD.)
If all named commits are already ancestors of HEAD, git merge will exit early with the message "Already
up to date."
FAST-FORWARD MERGE
Often the current branch head is an ancestor of the named commit. This is the most common case especially
when invoked from git pull: you are tracking an upstream repository, you have committed no local changes,
and now you want to update to a newer upstream revision. In this case, a new commit is not needed to
store the combined history; instead, the HEAD (along with the index) is updated to point at the named
commit, without creating an extra merge commit.
This behavior can be suppressed with the --no-ff option.
TRUE MERGE
Except in a fast-forward merge (see above), the branches to be merged must be tied together by a merge
commit that has both of them as its parents.
A merged version reconciling the changes from all branches to be merged is committed, and your HEAD,
index, and working tree are updated to it. It is possible to have modifications in the working tree as
long as they do not overlap; the update will preserve them.
When it is not obvious how to reconcile the changes, the following happens:
1. The HEAD pointer stays the same.
2. The MERGE_HEAD ref is set to point to the other branch head.
3. Paths that merged cleanly are updated both in the index file and in your working tree.
4. For conflicting paths, the index file records up to three versions: stage 1 stores the version from
the common ancestor, stage 2 from HEAD, and stage 3 from MERGE_HEAD (you can inspect the stages with
git ls-files -u). The working tree files contain the result of the merge operation; i.e. 3-way merge
results with familiar conflict markers <<< === >>>.
5. A special ref AUTO_MERGE is written, pointing to a tree corresponding to the current content of the
working tree (including conflict markers for textual conflicts). Note that this ref is only written
when the ort merge strategy is used (the default).
6. No other changes are made. In particular, the local modifications you had before you started merge
will stay the same and the index entries for them stay as they were, i.e. matching HEAD.
If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and want to start over, you can recover with git
merge --abort.
MERGING TAG
When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always creates a merge commit even if a
fast-forward merge is possible, and the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported as a comment in the message template.
See also git-tag(1).
When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit that happens to be tagged, e.g.
synchronizing with an upstream release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it to git merge, or pass --ff-only when
you do not have any work on your own. e.g.
git fetch origin
git merge v1.2.3^0
git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
During a merge, the working tree files are updated to reflect the result of the merge. Among the changes
made to the common ancestor’s version, non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file
while the other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the final result verbatim.
When both sides made changes to the same area, however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other,
and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program from the RCS suite to present
such a conflicted hunk, like this:
Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common
ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed,
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way.
<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt
Conflict resolution is hard;
let's go shopping.
=======
Git makes conflict resolution easy.
>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt
And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified.
The area where a pair of conflicting changes happened is marked with markers <<<<<<<, =======, and
>>>>>>>. The part before the ======= is typically your side, and the part afterwards is typically their
side.
The default format does not show what the original said in the conflicting area. You cannot tell how many
lines are deleted and replaced with Barbie’s remark on your side. The only thing you can tell is that
your side wants to say it is hard and you’d prefer to go shopping, while the other side wants to claim it
is easy.
An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictStyle" configuration variable to either
"diff3" or "zdiff3". In "diff3" style, the above conflict may look like this:
Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common
ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed,
<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way.
Conflict resolution is hard;
let's go shopping.
||||||| base:sample.txt
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed identically.
Conflict resolution is hard.
=======
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way.
Git makes conflict resolution easy.
>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt
And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified.
while in "zdiff3" style, it may look like this:
Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common
ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed,
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed the same way.
<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt
Conflict resolution is hard;
let's go shopping.
||||||| base:sample.txt
or cleanly resolved because both sides changed identically.
Conflict resolution is hard.
=======
Git makes conflict resolution easy.
>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt
And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified.
In addition to the <<<<<<<, =======, and >>>>>>> markers, it uses another ||||||| marker that is followed
by the original text. You can tell that the original just stated a fact, and your side simply gave in to
that statement and gave up, while the other side tried to have a more positive attitude. You can
sometimes come up with a better resolution by viewing the original.
HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS
After seeing a conflict, you can do two things:
• Decide not to merge. The only clean-ups you need are to reset the index file to the HEAD commit to
reverse 2. and to clean up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; git merge --abort can be used for
this.
• Resolve the conflicts. Git will mark the conflicts in the working tree. Edit the files into shape and
git add them to the index. Use git commit or git merge --continue to seal the deal. The latter
command checks whether there is a (interrupted) merge in progress before calling git commit.
You can work through the conflict with a number of tools:
• Use a mergetool. git mergetool to launch a graphical mergetool which will work through the merge
with you.
• Look at the diffs. git diff will show a three-way diff, highlighting changes from both the HEAD and
MERGE_HEAD versions. git diff AUTO_MERGE will show what changes you’ve made so far to resolve
textual conflicts.
• Look at the diffs from each branch. git log --merge -p <path> will show diffs first for the HEAD
version and then the MERGE_HEAD version.
• Look at the originals. git show :1:filename shows the common ancestor, git show :2:filename shows
the HEAD version, and git show :3:filename shows the MERGE_HEAD version.
EXAMPLES
• Merge branches fixes and enhancements on top of the current branch, making an octopus merge:
$ git merge fixes enhancements
• Merge branch obsolete into the current branch, using ours merge strategy:
$ git merge -s ours obsolete
• Merge branch maint into the current branch, but do not make a new commit automatically:
$ git merge --no-commit maint
This can be used when you want to include further changes to the merge, or want to write your own
merge commit message.
You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial changes into a merge commit. Small
fixups like bumping release/version name would be acceptable.
MERGE STRATEGIES
The merge mechanism (git merge and git pull commands) allows the backend merge strategies to be chosen
with -s option. Some strategies can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving -X<option>
arguments to git merge and/or git pull.
ort
This is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one branch. This strategy can only resolve
two heads using a 3-way merge algorithm. When there is more than one common ancestor that can be used
for 3-way merge, it creates a merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference tree
for the 3-way merge. This has been reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without causing
mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
Additionally this strategy can detect and handle merges involving renames. It does not make use of
detected copies. The name for this algorithm is an acronym ("Ostensibly Recursive’s Twin") and came
from the fact that it was written as a replacement for the previous default algorithm, recursive.
The ort strategy can take the following options:
ours
This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by favoring our version. Changes
from the other tree that do not conflict with our side are reflected in the merge result. For a
binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side.
This should not be confused with the ours merge strategy, which does not even look at what the
other tree contains at all. It discards everything the other tree did, declaring our history
contains all that happened in it.
theirs
This is the opposite of ours; note that, unlike ours, there is no theirs merge strategy to
confuse this merge option with.
ignore-space-change, ignore-all-space, ignore-space-at-eol, ignore-cr-at-eol
Treats lines with the indicated type of whitespace change as unchanged for the sake of a
three-way merge. Whitespace changes mixed with other changes to a line are not ignored. See also
git-diff(1) -b, -w, --ignore-space-at-eol, and --ignore-cr-at-eol.
• If their version only introduces whitespace changes to a line, our version is used;
• If our version introduces whitespace changes but their version includes a substantial change,
their version is used;
• Otherwise, the merge proceeds in the usual way.
renormalize
This runs a virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when resolving a
three-way merge. This option is meant to be used when merging branches with different clean
filters or end-of-line normalization rules. See "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
attributes" in gitattributes(5) for details.
no-renormalize
Disables the renormalize option. This overrides the merge.renormalize configuration variable.
find-renames[=<n>]
Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity threshold. This is the default. This
overrides the merge.renames configuration variable. See also git-diff(1) --find-renames.
rename-threshold=<n>
Deprecated synonym for find-renames=<n>.
subtree[=<path>]
This option is a more advanced form of subtree strategy, where the strategy makes a guess on how
two trees must be shifted to match with each other when merging. Instead, the specified path is
prefixed (or stripped from the beginning) to make the shape of two trees to match.
recursive
This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge algorithm. When there is more than one common
ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a merged tree of the common ancestors and uses
that as the reference tree for the 3-way merge. This has been reported to result in fewer merge
conflicts without causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel
development history. Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving renames. It does not
make use of detected copies. This was the default strategy for resolving two heads from Git v0.99.9k
until v2.33.0.
The recursive strategy takes the same options as ort. However, there are three additional options
that ort ignores (not documented above) that are potentially useful with the recursive strategy:
patience
Deprecated synonym for diff-algorithm=patience.
diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers]
Use a different diff algorithm while merging, which can help avoid mismerges that occur due to
unimportant matching lines (such as braces from distinct functions). See also git-diff(1)
--diff-algorithm. Note that ort specifically uses diff-algorithm=histogram, while recursive
defaults to the diff.algorithm config setting.
no-renames
Turn off rename detection. This overrides the merge.renames configuration variable. See also git-
diff(1) --no-renames.
resolve
This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch and another branch you pulled from) using a
3-way merge algorithm. It tries to carefully detect criss-cross merge ambiguities. It does not handle
renames.
octopus
This resolves cases with more than two heads, but refuses to do a complex merge that needs manual
resolution. It is primarily meant to be used for bundling topic branch heads together. This is the
default merge strategy when pulling or merging more than one branch.
ours
This resolves any number of heads, but the resulting tree of the merge is always that of the current
branch head, effectively ignoring all changes from all other branches. It is meant to be used to
supersede old development history of side branches. Note that this is different from the -Xours
option to the recursive merge strategy.
subtree
This is a modified ort strategy. When merging trees A and B, if B corresponds to a subtree of A, B is
first adjusted to match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at the same level. This
adjustment is also done to the common ancestor tree.
With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, ort), if a change is made on both
branches, but later reverted on one of the branches, that change will be present in the merged result;
some people find this behavior confusing. It occurs because only the heads and the merge base are
considered when performing a merge, not the individual commits. The merge algorithm therefore considers
the reverted change as no change at all, and substitutes the changed version instead.
CONFIGURATION
branch.<name>.mergeOptions
Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and supported options are the same as
those of git merge, but option values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
Everything above this line in this section isn’t included from the git-config(1) documentation. The
content that follows is the same as what’s found there:
merge.conflictStyle
Specify the style in which conflicted hunks are written out to working tree files upon merge. The
default is "merge", which shows a <<<<<<< conflict marker, changes made by one side, a =======
marker, changes made by the other side, and then a >>>>>>> marker. An alternate style, "diff3", adds
a ||||||| marker and the original text before the ======= marker. The "merge" style tends to produce
smaller conflict regions than diff3, both because of the exclusion of the original text, and because
when a subset of lines match on the two sides, they are just pulled out of the conflict region.
Another alternate style, "zdiff3", is similar to diff3 but removes matching lines on the two sides
from the conflict region when those matching lines appear near either the beginning or end of a
conflict region.
merge.defaultToUpstream
If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream branches configured for the
current branch by using their last observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches. The
values of the branch.<current branch>.merge that name the branches at the remote named by
branch.<current branch>.remote are consulted, and then they are mapped via remote.<remote>.fetch to
their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of these tracking branches are merged.
Defaults to true.
merge.ff
By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging a commit that is a descendant of
the current commit. Instead, the tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to false, this
variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such a case (equivalent to giving the --no-ff
option from the command line). When set to only, only such fast-forward merges are allowed
(equivalent to giving the --ff-only option from the command line).
merge.verifySignatures
If true, this is equivalent to the --verify-signatures command line option. See git-merge(1) for
details.
merge.branchdesc
In addition to branch names, populate the log message with the branch description text associated
with them. Defaults to false.
merge.log
In addition to branch names, populate the log message with at most the specified number of one-line
descriptions from the actual commits that are being merged. Defaults to false, and true is a synonym
for 20.
merge.suppressDest
By adding a glob that matches the names of integration branches to this multi-valued configuration
variable, the default merge message computed for merges into these integration branches will omit
"into <branch name>" from its title.
An element with an empty value can be used to clear the list of globs accumulated from previous
configuration entries. When there is no merge.suppressDest variable defined, the default value of
master is used for backward compatibility.
merge.renameLimit
The number of files to consider in the exhaustive portion of rename detection during a merge. If not
specified, defaults to the value of diff.renameLimit. If neither merge.renameLimit nor
diff.renameLimit are specified, currently defaults to 7000. This setting has no effect if rename
detection is turned off.
merge.renames
Whether Git detects renames. If set to "false", rename detection is disabled. If set to "true", basic
rename detection is enabled. Defaults to the value of diff.renames.
merge.directoryRenames
Whether Git detects directory renames, affecting what happens at merge time to new files added to a
directory on one side of history when that directory was renamed on the other side of history. If
merge.directoryRenames is set to "false", directory rename detection is disabled, meaning that such
new files will be left behind in the old directory. If set to "true", directory rename detection is
enabled, meaning that such new files will be moved into the new directory. If set to "conflict", a
conflict will be reported for such paths. If merge.renames is false, merge.directoryRenames is
ignored and treated as false. Defaults to "conflict".
merge.renormalize
Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier
commits record text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line endings). In such a
repository, Git can convert the data recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts. For more information, see section "Merging branches with
differing checkin/checkout attributes" in gitattributes(5).
merge.stat
Whether to print the diffstat between ORIG_HEAD and the merge result at the end of the merge. True by
default.
merge.autoStash
When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation begins, and apply
it after the operation ends. This means that you can run merge on a dirty worktree. However, use with
care: the final stash application after a successful merge might result in non-trivial conflicts.
This option can be overridden by the --no-autostash and --autostash options of git-merge(1). Defaults
to false.
merge.tool
Controls which merge tool is used by git-mergetool(1). The list below shows the valid built-in
values. Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires that a corresponding
mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
merge.guitool
Controls which merge tool is used by git-mergetool(1) when the -g/--gui flag is specified. The list
below shows the valid built-in values. Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
that a corresponding mergetool.<guitool>.cmd variable is defined.
araxis
Use Araxis Merge (requires a graphical session)
bc
Use Beyond Compare (requires a graphical session)
bc3
Use Beyond Compare (requires a graphical session)
bc4
Use Beyond Compare (requires a graphical session)
codecompare
Use Code Compare (requires a graphical session)
deltawalker
Use DeltaWalker (requires a graphical session)
diffmerge
Use DiffMerge (requires a graphical session)
diffuse
Use Diffuse (requires a graphical session)
ecmerge
Use ECMerge (requires a graphical session)
emerge
Use Emacs' Emerge
examdiff
Use ExamDiff Pro (requires a graphical session)
guiffy
Use Guiffy’s Diff Tool (requires a graphical session)
gvimdiff
Use gVim (requires a graphical session) with a custom layout (see git help mergetool's BACKEND
SPECIFIC HINTS section)
gvimdiff1
Use gVim (requires a graphical session) with a 2 panes layout (LOCAL and REMOTE)
gvimdiff2
Use gVim (requires a graphical session) with a 3 panes layout (LOCAL, MERGED and REMOTE)
gvimdiff3
Use gVim (requires a graphical session) where only the MERGED file is shown
kdiff3
Use KDiff3 (requires a graphical session)
meld
Use Meld (requires a graphical session) with optional auto merge (see git help mergetool's
CONFIGURATION section)
nvimdiff
Use Neovim with a custom layout (see git help mergetool's BACKEND SPECIFIC HINTS section)
nvimdiff1
Use Neovim with a 2 panes layout (LOCAL and REMOTE)
nvimdiff2
Use Neovim with a 3 panes layout (LOCAL, MERGED and REMOTE)
nvimdiff3
Use Neovim where only the MERGED file is shown
opendiff
Use FileMerge (requires a graphical session)
p4merge
Use HelixCore P4Merge (requires a graphical session)
smerge
Use Sublime Merge (requires a graphical session)
tkdiff
Use TkDiff (requires a graphical session)
tortoisemerge
Use TortoiseMerge (requires a graphical session)
vimdiff
Use Vim with a custom layout (see git help mergetool's BACKEND SPECIFIC HINTS section)
vimdiff1
Use Vim with a 2 panes layout (LOCAL and REMOTE)
vimdiff2
Use Vim with a 3 panes layout (LOCAL, MERGED and REMOTE)
vimdiff3
Use Vim where only the MERGED file is shown
winmerge
Use WinMerge (requires a graphical session)
xxdiff
Use xxdiff (requires a graphical session)
merge.verbosity
Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge strategy. Level 0 outputs nothing except a
final error message if conflicts were detected. Level 1 outputs only conflicts, 2 outputs conflicts
and file changes. Level 5 and above outputs debugging information. The default is level 2. Can be
overridden by the GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY environment variable.
merge.<driver>.name
Defines a human-readable name for a custom low-level merge driver. See gitattributes(5) for details.
merge.<driver>.driver
Defines the command that implements a custom low-level merge driver. See gitattributes(5) for
details.
merge.<driver>.recursive
Names a low-level merge driver to be used when performing an internal merge between common ancestors.
See gitattributes(5) for details.
SEE ALSO
git-fmt-merge-msg(1), git-pull(1), gitattributes(5), git-reset(1), git-diff(1), git-ls-files(1), git- add(1), git-rm(1), git-mergetool(1)
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite