Provided by: git-email_2.43.0-1ubuntu7.1_all bug

NAME

       git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails

SYNOPSIS

       git send-email [<options>] <file|directory>...
       git send-email [<options>] <format-patch options>
       git send-email --dump-aliases

DESCRIPTION

       Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out. Patches can be specified
       as files, directories (which will send all files in the directory), or directly as a
       revision list. In the last case, any format accepted by git-format-patch(1) can be passed
       to git send-email, as well as options understood by git-format-patch(1).

       The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not specified on the
       command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine enabled interface to provide the
       necessary information.

       There are two formats accepted for patch files:

        1. mbox format files

           This is what git-format-patch(1) generates. Most headers and MIME formatting are
           ignored.

        2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman’s send_lots_of_email.pl script

           This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value and the
           "Subject:" of the message as the second line.

OPTIONS

   Composing
       --annotate
           Review and edit each patch you’re about to send. Default is the value of
           sendemail.annotate. See the CONFIGURATION section for sendemail.multiEdit.

       --bcc=<address>,...
           Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of sendemail.bcc.

           This option may be specified multiple times.

       --cc=<address>,...
           Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email. Default is the value of sendemail.cc.

           This option may be specified multiple times.

       --compose
           Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in git-var(1)) to edit an introductory message
           for the patch series.

           When --compose is used, git send-email will use the From, To, Cc, Bcc, Subject,
           Reply-To, and In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
           (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank (or Git:
           prefixed) lines, the summary won’t be sent, but the headers mentioned above will be
           used unless they are removed.

           Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.

           See the CONFIGURATION section for sendemail.multiEdit.

       --from=<address>
           Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line, the value of
           the sendemail.from configuration option is used. If neither the command-line option
           nor sendemail.from are set, then the user will be prompted for the value. The default
           for the prompt will be the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that
           is not set, as returned by "git var -l".

       --reply-to=<address>
           Specify the address where replies from recipients should go to. Use this if replies to
           messages should go to another address than what is specified with the --from
           parameter.

       --in-reply-to=<identifier>
           Make the first mail (or all the mails with --no-thread) appear as a reply to the given
           Message-ID, which avoids breaking threads to provide a new patch series. The second
           and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to the --[no-]chain-reply-to
           setting.

           So for example when --thread and --no-chain-reply-to are specified, the second and
           subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the illustration below
           where [PATCH v2 0/3] is in reply to [PATCH 0/2]:

               [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
                 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
                 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
                 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
                   [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
                   [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
                   [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation

           Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose is not set, this will be
           prompted for.

       --subject=<string>
           Specify the initial subject of the email thread. Only necessary if --compose is also
           set. If --compose is not set, this will be prompted for.

       --to=<address>,...
           Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this will be the
           upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the value of the sendemail.to
           configuration value; if that is unspecified, and --to-cmd is not specified, this will
           be prompted for.

           This option may be specified multiple times.

       --8bit-encoding=<encoding>
           When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not declare its encoding,
           add headers/quoting to indicate it is encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of
           the sendemail.assume8bitEncoding; if that is unspecified, this will be prompted for if
           any non-ASCII files are encountered.

           Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.

       --compose-encoding=<encoding>
           Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
           sendemail.composeencoding; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.

       --transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64|auto)
           Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP. 7bit will fail
           upon encountering a non-ASCII message. quoted-printable can be useful when the
           repository contains files that contain carriage returns, but makes the raw patch email
           file (as saved from a MUA) much harder to inspect manually. base64 is even more fool
           proof, but also even more opaque. auto will use 8bit when possible, and
           quoted-printable otherwise.

           Default is the value of the sendemail.transferEncoding configuration value; if that is
           unspecified, default to auto.

       --xmailer, --no-xmailer
           Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header. By default, the header is added, but
           it can be turned off by setting the sendemail.xmailer configuration variable to false.

   Sending
       --envelope-sender=<address>
           Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails. This is useful if your default
           address is not the address that is subscribed to a list. In order to use the From
           address, set the value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
           suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
           sendemail.envelopeSender configuration variable; if that is unspecified, choosing the
           envelope sender is left to your MTA.

       --sendmail-cmd=<command>
           Specify a command to run to send the email. The command should be sendmail-like;
           specifically, it must support the -i option. The command will be executed in the shell
           if necessary. Default is the value of sendemail.sendmailcmd. If unspecified, and if
           --smtp-server is also unspecified, git-send-email will search for sendmail in
           /usr/sbin, /usr/lib and $PATH.

       --smtp-encryption=<encryption>
           Specify in what way encrypting begins for the SMTP connection. Valid values are ssl
           and tls. Any other value reverts to plain (unencrypted) SMTP, which defaults to port
           25. Despite the names, both values will use the same newer version of TLS, but for
           historic reasons have these names.  ssl refers to "implicit" encryption (sometimes
           called SMTPS), that uses port 465 by default.  tls refers to "explicit" encryption
           (often known as STARTTLS), that uses port 25 by default. Other ports might be used by
           the SMTP server, which are not the default. Commonly found alternative port for tls
           and unencrypted is 587. You need to check your provider’s documentation or your server
           configuration to make sure for your own case. Default is the value of
           sendemail.smtpEncryption.

       --smtp-domain=<FQDN>
           Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the HELO/EHLO command to the
           SMTP server. Some servers require the FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git
           send-email attempts to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
           sendemail.smtpDomain.

       --smtp-auth=<mechanisms>
           Whitespace-separated list of allowed SMTP-AUTH mechanisms. This setting forces using
           only the listed mechanisms. Example:

               $ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ...

           If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the SMTP
           server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism is used for
           authentication. If neither sendemail.smtpAuth nor --smtp-auth is specified, all
           mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used. The special value none maybe
           specified to completely disable authentication independently of --smtp-user

       --smtp-pass[=<password>]
           Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no argument is specified, then
           the empty string is used as the password. Default is the value of sendemail.smtpPass,
           however --smtp-pass always overrides this value.

           Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files or on the command
           line. If a username has been specified (with --smtp-user or a sendemail.smtpUser), but
           no password has been specified (with --smtp-pass or sendemail.smtpPass), then a
           password is obtained using git-credential.

       --no-smtp-auth
           Disable SMTP authentication. Short hand for --smtp-auth=none

       --smtp-server=<host>
           If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.  smtp.example.com or a raw IP
           address). If unspecified, and if --sendmail-cmd is also unspecified, the default is to
           search for sendmail in /usr/sbin, /usr/lib and $PATH if such a program is available,
           falling back to localhost otherwise.

           For backward compatibility, this option can also specify a full pathname of a
           sendmail-like program instead; the program must support the -i option. This method
           does not support passing arguments or using plain command names. For those use cases,
           consider using --sendmail-cmd instead.

       --smtp-server-port=<port>
           Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP servers typically listen to
           smtp port 25, but may also listen to submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port
           465); symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587) are also accepted. The
           port can also be set with the sendemail.smtpServerPort configuration variable.

       --smtp-server-option=<option>
           If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use. Default value can be
           specified by the sendemail.smtpServerOption configuration option.

           The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want to pass to
           the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files must be used for each
           option.

       --smtp-ssl
           Legacy alias for --smtp-encryption ssl.

       --smtp-ssl-cert-path
           Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS certificate validation
           (either a directory that has been processed by c_rehash, or a single file containing
           one or more PEM format certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and
           -CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string to disable
           certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the sendemail.smtpsslcertpath
           configuration variable, if set, or the backing SSL library’s compiled-in default
           otherwise (which should be the best choice on most platforms).

       --smtp-user=<user>
           Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of sendemail.smtpUser; if a username is
           not specified (with --smtp-user or sendemail.smtpUser), then authentication is not
           attempted.

       --smtp-debug=0|1
           Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP commands and replies will be
           printed. Useful to debug TLS connection and authentication problems.

       --batch-size=<num>
           Some email servers (e.g. smtp.163.com) limit the number emails to be sent per session
           (connection) and this will lead to a failure when sending many messages. With this
           option, send-email will disconnect after sending $<num> messages and wait for a few
           seconds (see --relogin-delay) and reconnect, to work around such a limit. You may want
           to use some form of credential helper to avoid having to retype your password every
           time this happens. Defaults to the sendemail.smtpBatchSize configuration variable.

       --relogin-delay=<int>
           Waiting $<int> seconds before reconnecting to SMTP server. Used together with
           --batch-size option. Defaults to the sendemail.smtpReloginDelay configuration
           variable.

   Automating
       --no-[to|cc|bcc]
           Clears any list of "To:", "Cc:", "Bcc:" addresses previously set via config.

       --no-identity
           Clears the previously read value of sendemail.identity set via config, if any.

       --to-cmd=<command>
           Specify a command to execute once per patch file which should generate patch file
           specific "To:" entries. Output of this command must be single email address per line.
           Default is the value of sendemail.tocmd configuration value.

       --cc-cmd=<command>
           Specify a command to execute once per patch file which should generate patch file
           specific "Cc:" entries. Output of this command must be single email address per line.
           Default is the value of sendemail.ccCmd configuration value.

       --header-cmd=<command>
           Specify a command that is executed once per outgoing message and output RFC 2822 style
           header lines to be inserted into them. When the sendemail.headerCmd configuration
           variable is set, its value is always used. When --header-cmd is provided at the
           command line, its value takes precedence over the sendemail.headerCmd configuration
           variable.

       --no-header-cmd
           Disable any header command in use.

       --[no-]chain-reply-to
           If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous email sent. If
           disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after the first will be sent as
           replies to the first email sent. When using this, it is recommended that the first
           file given be an overview of the entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the
           sendemail.chainReplyTo configuration variable can be used to enable it.

       --identity=<identity>
           A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the sendemail.<identity>
           subsection to take precedence over values in the sendemail section. The default
           identity is the value of sendemail.identity.

       --[no-]signed-off-by-cc
           If this is set, add emails found in the Signed-off-by trailer or Cc: lines to the cc
           list. Default is the value of sendemail.signedoffbycc configuration value; if that is
           unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.

       --[no-]cc-cover
           If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of the series
           (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list for each email set. Default is
           the value of sendemail.cccover configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to
           --no-cc-cover.

       --[no-]to-cover
           If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of the series
           (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list for each email set. Default is
           the value of sendemail.tocover configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to
           --no-to-cover.

       --suppress-cc=<category>
           Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the auto-cc of:

           •   author will avoid including the patch author.

           •   self will avoid including the sender.

           •   cc will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header except
               for self (use self for that).

           •   bodycc will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch body (commit
               message) except for self (use self for that).

           •   sob will avoid including anyone mentioned in the Signed-off-by trailers except for
               self (use self for that).

           •   misc-by will avoid including anyone mentioned in Acked-by, Reviewed-by, Tested-by
               and other "-by" lines in the patch body, except Signed-off-by (use sob for that).

           •   cccmd will avoid running the --cc-cmd.

           •   body is equivalent to sob + bodycc + misc-by.

           •   all will suppress all auto cc values.

           Default is the value of sendemail.suppresscc configuration value; if that is
           unspecified, default to self if --suppress-from is specified, as well as body if
           --no-signed-off-cc is specified.

       --[no-]suppress-from
           If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list. Default is the value of
           sendemail.suppressFrom configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to
           --no-suppress-from.

       --[no-]thread
           If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be added to each email
           sent. Whether each mail refers to the previous email (deep threading per git
           format-patch wording) or to the first email (shallow threading) is governed by
           "--[no-]chain-reply-to".

           If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added (unless specified with
           --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the sendemail.thread configuration value; if
           that is unspecified, default to --thread.

           It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already exists when git
           send-email is asked to add it (especially note that git format-patch can be configured
           to do the threading itself). Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in
           the recipient’s MUA.

   Administering
       --confirm=<mode>
           Confirm just before sending:

           •   always will always confirm before sending

           •   never will never confirm before sending

           •   cc will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically added addresses
               from the patch to the Cc list

           •   compose will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.

           •   auto is equivalent to cc + compose

           Default is the value of sendemail.confirm configuration value; if that is unspecified,
           default to auto unless any of the suppress options have been specified, in which case
           default to compose.

       --dry-run
           Do everything except actually send the emails.

       --[no-]format-patch
           When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name, choose to
           understand it as a format-patch argument (--format-patch) or as a file name
           (--no-format-patch). By default, when such a conflict occurs, git send-email will
           fail.

       --quiet
           Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be all that is output.

       --[no-]validate
           Perform sanity checks on patches. Currently, validation means the following:

           •   Invoke the sendemail-validate hook if present (see githooks(5)).

           •   Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters unless a suitable
               transfer encoding (auto, base64, or quoted-printable) is used; this is due to SMTP
               limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5322.txt.

           Default is the value of sendemail.validate; if this is not set, default to --validate.

       --force
           Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.

   Information
       --dump-aliases
           Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from the configured
           alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note that this only includes the
           alias name and not its expanded email addresses. See sendemail.aliasesfile for more
           information about aliases.

CONFIGURATION

       Everything below this line in this section is selectively included from the git-config(1)
       documentation. The content is the same as what’s found there:

       sendemail.identity
           A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the sendemail.<identity>
           subsection to take precedence over values in the sendemail section. The default
           identity is the value of sendemail.identity.

       sendemail.smtpEncryption
           See git-send-email(1) for description. Note that this setting is not subject to the
           identity mechanism.

       sendemail.smtpsslcertpath
           Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). Set it to an empty
           string to disable certificate verification.

       sendemail.<identity>.*
           Identity-specific versions of the sendemail.*  parameters found below, taking
           precedence over those when this identity is selected, through either the command-line
           or sendemail.identity.

       sendemail.multiEdit
           If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit files you have to
           edit (patches when --annotate is used, and the summary when --compose is used). If
           false, files will be edited one after the other, spawning a new editor each time.

       sendemail.confirm
           Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be one of always, never,
           cc, compose, or auto. See --confirm in the git-send-email(1) documentation for the
           meaning of these values.

       sendemail.aliasesFile
           To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more email aliases files.
           You must also supply sendemail.aliasFileType.

       sendemail.aliasFileType
           Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be one of mutt, mailrc,
           pine, elm, gnus, or sendmail.

           What an alias file in each format looks like can be found in the documentation of the
           email program of the same name. The differences and limitations from the standard
           formats are described below:

           sendmail

               •   Quoted aliases and quoted addresses are not supported: lines that contain a "
                   symbol are ignored.

               •   Redirection to a file (/path/name) or pipe (|command) is not supported.

               •   File inclusion (:include: /path/name) is not supported.

               •   Warnings are printed on the standard error output for any explicitly
                   unsupported constructs, and any other lines that are not recognized by the
                   parser.

       sendemail.annotate, sendemail.bcc, sendemail.cc, sendemail.ccCmd, sendemail.chainReplyTo,
       sendemail.envelopeSender, sendemail.from, sendemail.headerCmd, sendemail.signedoffbycc,
       sendemail.smtpPass, sendemail.suppresscc, sendemail.suppressFrom, sendemail.to,
       sendemail.tocmd, sendemail.smtpDomain, sendemail.smtpServer, sendemail.smtpServerPort,
       sendemail.smtpServerOption, sendemail.smtpUser, sendemail.thread,
       sendemail.transferEncoding, sendemail.validate, sendemail.xmailer
           These configuration variables all provide a default for git-send-email(1) command-line
           options. See its documentation for details.

       sendemail.signedoffcc (deprecated)
           Deprecated alias for sendemail.signedoffbycc.

       sendemail.smtpBatchSize
           Number of messages to be sent per connection, after that a relogin will happen. If the
           value is 0 or undefined, send all messages in one connection. See also the
           --batch-size option of git-send-email(1).

       sendemail.smtpReloginDelay
           Seconds to wait before reconnecting to the smtp server. See also the --relogin-delay
           option of git-send-email(1).

       sendemail.forbidSendmailVariables
           To avoid common misconfiguration mistakes, git-send-email(1) will abort with a warning
           if any configuration options for "sendmail" exist. Set this variable to bypass the
           check.

EXAMPLES

   Use gmail as the smtp server
       To use git send-email to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server, edit
       ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:

           [sendemail]
                   smtpEncryption = tls
                   smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
                   smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
                   smtpServerPort = 587

       If you have multi-factor authentication set up on your Gmail account, you can generate an
       app-specific password for use with git send-email. Visit
       https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to create it.

       Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the following commands:

           $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
           $ edit outgoing/0000-*
           $ git send-email outgoing/*

       The first time you run it, you will be prompted for your credentials. Enter the
       app-specific or your regular password as appropriate. If you have credential helper
       configured (see git-credential(1)), the password will be saved in the credential store so
       you won’t have to type it the next time.

       Note: the following core Perl modules that may be installed with your distribution of Perl
       are required: MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Net::Domain and Net::SMTP. These additional
       Perl modules are also required: Authen::SASL and Mail::Address.

SEE ALSO

       git-format-patch(1), git-imap-send(1), mbox(5)

GIT

       Part of the git(1) suite