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NAME
MPI_Scan, MPI_Iscan - Computes an inclusive scan (partial reduction)
SYNTAX
C Syntax
#include <mpi.h>
int MPI_Scan(const void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count,
MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm)
int MPI_Iscan(const void *sendbuf, void *recvbuf, int count,
MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm,
MPI_Request *request)
Fortran Syntax
USE MPI
! or the older form: INCLUDE 'mpif.h'
MPI_SCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR)
<type> SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
INTEGER COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR
MPI_ISCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, REQUEST, IERROR)
<type> SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
INTEGER COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, REQUEST, IERROR
Fortran 2008 Syntax
USE mpi_f08 MPI_Scan(sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm, ierror) TYPE(*),
DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN) :: sendbuf TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..) :: recvbuf INTEGER,
INTENT(IN) :: count TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype TYPE(MPI_Op),
INTENT(IN) :: op TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm INTEGER, OPTIONAL,
INTENT(OUT) :: ierror
MPI_Iscan(sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm, request, ierror) TYPE(*),
DIMENSION(..), INTENT(IN), ASYNCHRONOUS :: sendbuf TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..),
ASYNCHRONOUS :: recvbuf INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: count TYPE(MPI_Datatype),
INTENT(IN) :: datatype TYPE(MPI_Op), INTENT(IN) :: op TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN)
:: comm TYPE(MPI_Request), INTENT(OUT) :: request INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT)
:: ierror
C++ Syntax
#include <mpi.h>
void MPI::Intracomm::Scan(const void* sendbuf, void* recvbuf,
int count, const MPI::Datatype& datatype,
const MPI::Op& op) const
INPUT PARAMETERS
sendbuf Send buffer (choice).
count Number of elements in input buffer (integer).
datatype Data type of elements of input buffer (handle).
op Operation (handle).
comm Communicator (handle).
OUTPUT PARAMETERS
recvbuf Receive buffer (choice).
request Request (handle, non-blocking only).
IERROR Fortran only: Error status (integer).
DESCRIPTION
MPI_Scan is used to perform an inclusive prefix reduction on data distributed across the
calling processes. The operation returns, in the recvbuf of the process with rank i, the
reduction (calculated according to the function op) of the values in the sendbufs of
processes with ranks 0, ..., i (inclusive). The type of operations supported, their
semantics, and the constraints on send and receive buffers are as for MPI_Reduce.
EXAMPLE
This example uses a user-defined operation to produce a segmented scan. A segmented scan
takes, as input, a set of values and a set of logicals, where the logicals delineate the
various segments of the scan. For example,
values v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6 v7 v8
logicals 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
result v1 v1+v2 v3 v3+v4 v3+v4+v5 v6 v6+v7 v8
The result for rank j is thus the sum v(i) + ... + v(j), where i is the lowest rank such
that for all ranks n, i <= n <= j, logical(n) = logical(j). The operator that produces
this effect is
[ u ] [ v ] [ w ]
[ ] o [ ] = [ ]
[ i ] [ j ] [ j ]
where
( u + v if i = j
w = (
( v if i != j
Note that this is a noncommutative operator. C code that implements it is given below.
typedef struct {
double val;
int log;
} SegScanPair;
/*
* the user-defined function
*/
void segScan(SegScanPair *in, SegScanPair *inout, int *len,
MPI_Datatype *dptr)
{
int i;
SegScanPair c;
for (i = 0; i < *len; ++i) {
if (in->log == inout->log)
c.val = in->val + inout->val;
else
c.val = inout->val;
c.log = inout->log;
*inout = c;
in++;
inout++;
}
}
Note that the inout argument to the user-defined function corresponds to the right-hand
operand of the operator. When using this operator, we must be careful to specify that it
is noncommutative, as in the following:
int i, base;
SeqScanPair a, answer;
MPI_Op myOp;
MPI_Datatype type[2] = {MPI_DOUBLE, MPI_INT};
MPI_Aint disp[2];
int blocklen[2] = {1, 1};
MPI_Datatype sspair;
/*
* explain to MPI how type SegScanPair is defined
*/
MPI_Get_address(a, disp);
MPI_Get_address(a.log, disp + 1);
base = disp[0];
for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
disp[i] -= base;
MPI_Type_struct(2, blocklen, disp, type, &sspair);
MPI_Type_commit(&sspair);
/*
* create the segmented-scan user-op
* noncommutative - set commute (arg 2) to 0
*/
MPI_Op_create((MPI_User_function *)segScan, 0, &myOp);
...
MPI_Scan(a, answer, 1, sspair, myOp, comm);
USE OF IN-PLACE OPTION
When the communicator is an intracommunicator, you can perform a scanning operation in
place (the output buffer is used as the input buffer). Use the variable MPI_IN_PLACE as
the value of the sendbuf argument. The input data is taken from the receive buffer and
replaced by the output data.
NOTES ON COLLECTIVE OPERATIONS
The reduction functions of type MPI_Op do not return an error value. As a result, if the
functions detect an error, all they can do is either call MPI_Abort or silently skip the
problem. Thus, if the error handler is changed from MPI_ERRORS_ARE_FATAL to something else
(e.g., MPI_ERRORS_RETURN), then no error may be indicated.
The reason for this is the performance problems in ensuring that all collective routines
return the same error value.
ERRORS
Almost all MPI routines return an error value; C routines as the value of the function and
Fortran routines in the last argument. C++ functions do not return errors. If the default
error handler is set to MPI::ERRORS_THROW_EXCEPTIONS, then on error the C++ exception
mechanism will be used to throw an MPI::Exception object.
Before the error value is returned, the current MPI error handler is called. By default,
this error handler aborts the MPI job, except for I/O function errors. The error handler
may be changed with MPI_Comm_set_errhandler; the predefined error handler
MPI_ERRORS_RETURN may be used to cause error values to be returned. Note that MPI does not
guarantee that an MPI program can continue past an error.
See the MPI man page for a full list of MPI error codes.
SEE ALSO
MPI_Exscan
MPI_Op_create
MPI_Reduce