Provided by: libmath-planepath-perl_129-1_all 
NAME
Math::PlanePath::TerdragonMidpoint -- dragon curve midpoints
SYNOPSIS
use Math::PlanePath::TerdragonMidpoint;
my $path = Math::PlanePath::TerdragonMidpoint->new;
my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
DESCRIPTION
This is midpoints of an integer version of the terdragon curve by Davis and Knuth.
30----29----28----27 13
\ /
31 26 12
\ /
36----35----34----33----32 25 11
\ /
37 41 24 10
\ / \ /
38 40 42 23----22----21 9
\ / \ /
39 43 20 8
\ /
48----47----46----45----44 19 12----11----10-----9 7
\ / \ /
49 18 13 8 6
\ / \ /
...---50 17----16----15----14 7 5
/
6 4
/
5-----4-----3 3
/
2 2
/
1 1
/
0 <- Y=0
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
-12-11-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 ...
The points are the middle of each edge of a double-size "TerdragonCurve".
...
\
6 -----8----- double size
\ TerdragonCurve
\ giving midpoints
5 7
\
\
4 -----6---- _
\ / \
\ / \
3 5 4 3
\ / \
\_/ \
2 _----2-----
\
\
1 1
\
\
Y=0 -> +-----0-----.
^
X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6
For example in the "TerdragonCurve" N=3 to N=4 is X=3,Y=1 to X=2,Y=2 and that's doubled
out here to X=6,Y=2 and X=4,Y=4 then the midpoint of those positions is X=5,Y=3 for N=3 in
the "TerdragonMidpoint".
The result is integer X,Y coordinates on every second point per "Triangular Lattice" in
Math::PlanePath, but visiting only 3 of every 4 such triangular points, which in turn is 3
of 8 all integer X,Y points. The points used are a pattern of alternate rows with 1 of 2
points and 1 of 4 points. For example the Y=7 row is 1 of 2 and the Y=8 row is 1 of 4.
Notice the pattern is the same when turned by 60 degrees.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Arms
Multiple copies of the curve can be selected, each advancing successively. Like the main
"TerdragonCurve" the midpoint curve covers 1/6 of the plane and 6 arms rotated by 60, 120,
180, 240 and 300 degrees mesh together perfectly. With 6 arms all the alternating "1of2"
and "1of4" points described above are visited.
"arms => 6" begins as follows. N=0,6,12,18,etc is the first arm (like the single curve
above), then N=1,7,13,19 the second copy rotated 60 degrees, N=2,8,14,20 the third rotated
120, etc.
arms=>6 ...
/
... 42
\ /
43 19 36
\ / \ /
37 25 13 30----24----18
\ / \ /
31 7 12
\ /
20----14-----8-----2 1 6 35----41----47-..
\ / \
26 3 . 0 29
\ / \
..-44----38----32 9 4 5----11----17----23
/ \
15 10 34
/ \ / \
21----27----33 16 28 40
/ \ / \
39 22 46
/ \
45 ...
/
...
FUNCTIONS
See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.
"$path = Math::PlanePath::TerdragonMidpoint->new ()"
Create and return a new path object.
"($x,$y) = $path->n_to_xy ($n)"
Return the X,Y coordinates of point number $n on the path. Points begin at 0 and if
"$n < 0" then the return is an empty list.
Fractional positions give an X,Y position along a straight line between the integer
positions.
"$n = $path->n_start()"
Return 0, the first N in the path.
Level Methods
"($n_lo, $n_hi) = $path->level_to_n_range($level)"
Return "(0, 3**$level - 1)", or for multiple arms return "(0, $arms * 3**$level - 1)".
There are 3^level segments comprising the terdragon, or arms*3^level when multiple
arms, numbered starting from 0.
FORMULAS
X,Y to N
An X,Y point can be turned into N by dividing out digits of a complex base b=w+1 where
w = 1/2 + i * sqrt(3)/2 w^2 w
= 6th root of unity \ /
\ /
w^3=-1 -----o------ w^0=1
/ \
/ \
w^4 w^5
At each step the low ternary digit is formed from X,Y and an adjustment applied to move
X,Y onto a multiple of w+1 ready to divide out w+1.
In the N points above it can be seen that each group of three N values make a straight
line, such as N=0,1,2, or N=3,4,5 etc. The adjustment moves the two ends N=0mod3 or
N=2mod3 to the centre N=1mod3. The centre N=1mod3 position is always a multiple of w+1.
The angles and positions for the N triples follow a 12-point pattern as follows, where
each / \ or - is a point on the path (any arm).
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
\ / / \ / / \ / / \ / / \
- \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - -
/ \ / / \ / / \ / / \ /
\ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \ - - - \ / \
In the current code a 12x12 table is used, indexed by X mod 12 and Y mod 12. With Xadj
and Yadj from there
Ndigit = (X + 1) mod 3 # N digits low to high
Xm = X + Xadj[X mod 12, Y mod 12]
Ym = Y + Yadj[X mod 12, Y mod 12]
new X,Y = (Xm,Ym) / (w+1)
= (Xm,Ym) * (2-w) / 3
= ((Xm+Ym)/2, (Ym-(Xm/3))/2)
Is there a good aX+bY mod 12 or mod 24 for a smaller table? Maybe X+3Y like the digit?
Taking C=(X-Y)/2 in triangular coordinate style can reduce the table to 6x6.
Points not reached by the curve (ie. not the 3 of 4 triangular or 3 of 8 rectangular
described above) can be detected with "undef" or suitably tagged entries in the adjustment
table.
The X,Y reduction stops at the midpoint of the first triple of the originating arm. So
X=3,Y=1 which is N=1 for the first arm, and that point rotated by 60,120,180,240,300
degrees for the others. If only some of the arms are of interest then reaching one of the
others means the original X,Y was outside the desired region.
Arm X,Y Endpoint
--- ------------
0 3,1
1 0,2
2 -3,1
3 -3,-1
4 0,-2
5 3,-1
For the odd arms 1,3,5 each digit of N must be flipped 2-digit so 0,1,2 becomes 2,1,0,
if arm odd
then N = 3**numdigits - 1 - N
SEE ALSO
Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::TerdragonCurve, Math::PlanePath::TerdragonRounded
Math::PlanePath::DragonMidpoint, Math::PlanePath::R5DragonMidpoint
HOME PAGE
<http://user42.tuxfamily.org/math-planepath/index.html>
LICENSE
Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Kevin Ryde
This file is part of Math-PlanePath.
Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-
PlanePath. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.