Provided by: librose-db-object-perl_0.820-2_all 
NAME
Rose::DB::Object::Loader - Automatically create Rose::DB::Object subclasses based on
database table definitions.
SYNOPSIS
Sample database schema:
CREATE TABLE vendors
(
id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(name)
);
CREATE TABLE products
(
id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.00,
vendor_id INT REFERENCES vendors (id),
status VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'inactive'
CHECK(status IN ('inactive', 'active', 'defunct')),
date_created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
release_date TIMESTAMP,
UNIQUE(name)
);
CREATE TABLE prices
(
id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
product_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES products (id),
region CHAR(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'US',
price DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.00,
UNIQUE(product_id, region)
);
CREATE TABLE colors
(
id SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(name)
);
CREATE TABLE product_color_map
(
product_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES products (id),
color_id INT NOT NULL REFERENCES colors (id),
PRIMARY KEY(product_id, color_id)
);
To start, make a Rose::DB::Object::Loader object, specifying the database connection
information and an optional class name prefix.
$loader =
Rose::DB::Object::Loader->new(
db_dsn => 'dbi:Pg:dbname=mydb;host=localhost',
db_username => 'someuser',
db_password => 'mysecret',
db_options => { AutoCommit => 1, ChopBlanks => 1 },
class_prefix => 'My::Corp');
It's even easier to specify the database information if you've set up Rose::DB (say, by
following the instructions in Rose::DB::Tutorial). Just pass a Rose::DB-derived object
pointing to the database you're interested in.
$loader =
Rose::DB::Object::Loader->new(
db => My::Corp::DB->new('main'),
class_prefix => 'My::Corp');
Finally, automatically create Rose::DB::Object subclasses for all the tables in the
database. All it takes is one method call.
$loader->make_classes;
Here's what you get for your effort.
$p = My::Corp::Product->new(name => 'Sled');
$p->vendor(name => 'Acme');
$p->prices({ price => 1.23, region => 'US' },
{ price => 4.56, region => 'UK' });
$p->colors({ name => 'red' },
{ name => 'green' });
$p->save;
$products =
My::Corp::Product::Manager->get_products_iterator(
query => [ name => { like => '%le%' } ],
with_objects => [ 'prices' ],
require_objects => [ 'vendor' ],
sort_by => 'vendor.name');
$p = $products->next;
print $p->vendor->name; # Acme
# US: 1.23, UK: 4.56
print join(', ', map { $_->region . ': ' . $_->price } $p->prices);
See the Rose::DB::Object and Rose::DB::Object::Manager documentation for learn more about
the features these classes provide.
The contents of the database now look like this.
mydb=# select * from products;
id | name | price | vendor_id | status | date_created
----+--------+-------+-----------+----------+-------------------------
1 | Sled 3 | 0.00 | 1 | inactive | 2005-11-19 22:09:20.7988
mydb=# select * from vendors;
id | name
----+--------
1 | Acme 3
mydb=# select * from prices;
id | product_id | region | price
----+------------+--------+-------
1 | 1 | US | 1.23
2 | 1 | UK | 4.56
mydb=# select * from colors;
id | name
----+-------
1 | red
2 | green
mydb=# select * from product_color_map;
product_id | color_id
------------+----------
1 | 1
1 | 2
DESCRIPTION
Rose::DB::Object::Loader will automatically create Rose::DB::Object subclasses for all the
tables in a database. It will configure column data types, default values, primary keys,
unique keys, and foreign keys. It can also discover and set up inter-table relationships.
It uses Rose::DB::Object's auto-initialization capabilities to do all of this.
To do its work, the loader needs to know how to connect to the database. This information
can be provided in several ways. The recommended practice is to set up Rose::DB according
to the instructions in the Rose::DB::Tutorial, and then pass a Rose::DB-derived object or
class name to the loader. The loader will also accept traditional DBI-style connection
information: DSN, username, password, etc.
Once the loader object is configured, the make_classes method does all the work. It takes
a few options specifying which tables to make classes for, whether or not to make manager
classes for each table, and a few other options. The convention manager is used to
convert table names to class names, generate foreign key and relationship method names,
and so on. The result of this process is a suite of Rose::DB::Object (and
Rose::DB::Object::Manager) subclasses ready for use.
Rose::DB::Object::Loader inherits from, and follows the conventions of, Rose::Object. See
the Rose::Object documentation for more information.
GOTCHAS
Database schema information is extracted using DBI's schema interrogation methods, which
dutifully report exactly how the database describes itself. In some cases, what the
database reports about a particular table may not exactly match what you specified in your
table definition.
The most egregious offender is (surprise!) MySQL, which, to give just one example, tends
to offer up empty string default values for non-null character columns. That is, if you
write a table definition like this:
CREATE TABLE widgets
(
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL
);
and then interrogate it using DBI, you will find that the "name" column has a default
value (as reflected in the "COLUMN_DEF" column returned by DBI's column_info() method) of
'' (i.e., an empty string). In other words, it's as if your table definition was this
instead:
CREATE TABLE widgets
(
id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
);
MySQL is full of such surprises, and it's not the only database to do such things.
Consult the documentation for your database (or do a Google search for "<mydbname>
gotchas") for the gory details.
To work around these kinds of problems, try the pre_init_hook feature. For example, in
your pre_init_hook subroutine you could walk over the list of columns for each class,
eliminating all the empty string default values (i.e., changing them to undef instead).
CONSTRUCTOR
new PARAMS
Returns a new Rose::DB::Object::Loader constructed according to PARAMS, where PARAMS
are name/value pairs. Any object method is a valid parameter name.
OBJECT METHODS
base_class CLASS
This is an alias for the base_classes method.
base_classes [ CLASS | ARRAYREF ]
Get or set the list of base classes to use for the Rose::DB::Object subclasses created
by the make_classes method. The argument may be a class name or a reference to an
array of class names. At least one of the classes should inherit from
Rose::DB::Object.
Returns a list (in list context) or reference to an array (in scalar context) of base
class names. Defaults to a dynamically-generated Rose::DB::Object subclass name.
class_prefix [PREFIX]
Get or set the prefix affixed to all class names created by the make_classes method.
If PREFIX doesn't end in "::", it will be added automatically.
convention_manager [ CLASS | MANAGER ]
Get or set the Rose::DB::Object::ConventionManager-derived class name or object to be
used during the auto-initialization process for each class created by the make_classes
method. Returns a Rose::DB::Object::ConventionManager-derived object, which defaults
to a new Rose::DB::Object::ConventionManager object.
Unless this attribute is explicitly set or fetched before the call to the make_classes
method, the convention manager object used by make_classes will be produced by calling
the convention_manager method of the metadata object of the first (left-most) base
class.
db [DB]
Get or set the Rose::DB-derived object used to connect to the database. This object
will be used by the make_classes method when extracting information from the database.
It will also be used as the prototype for the db object used by each Rose::DB::Object
subclass to connect to the database.
Setting this attribute also sets the db_class attributes, overwriting any previously
existing value, and sets the db_dsn value to undef.
db_catalog [CATALOG]
Get or set the catalog for the database connection.
db_class [CLASS]
Get or set the name of the Rose::DB-derived class used by the make_classes method to
construct a db object if one has not been set via the method of the same name.
Setting this attribute sets the db attribute to undef unless its class is the same as
CLASS.
db_dsn [DSN]
Get or set the DBI-style Data Source Name (DSN) used to connect to the database. This
will be used by the make_classes method when extracting information from the database.
The Rose::DB-derived objects used by each Rose::DB::Object subclass to connect to the
database will be initialized with this DSN.
Setting this attribute immediately sets the dsn of the db attribute, if it is defined.
db_options [HASHREF]
Get or set the options used to connect to the database.
db_password [PASSWORD]
Get or set the password used to connect to the database.
db_schema [SCHEMA]
Get or set the schema for the database connection.
db_username [USERNAME]
Get or set the username used to connect to the database.
exclude_tables [ REGEX | ARRAYREF ]
Get or set a regular expression or reference to an array of table names to exclude.
Table names that match REGEX or are contained in ARRAYREF will be skipped by default
during calls to the make_classes method. Tables without primary keys are
automatically (and always) skipped.
Table names are compared to REGEX and the names in ARRAYREF in a case-insensitive
manner. To override this in the case of the REGEX, add "(?-i)" to the front of the
REGEX. Otherwise, use the filter_tables method instead.
filter_tables CODEREF
Get or set a reference to a subroutine that takes a single table name argument and
returns true if the table should be processed by default during calls to the
make_classes method, false if the table should be skipped. The $_ variable will also
be set to the table name before the call to CODEREF.
This attribute should not be combined with the exclude_tables or include_tables
attributes.
force_lowercase [BOOL]
Get or set a boolean value that indicates whether or not metadata entity names should
be forced to lowercase even when the related entity (e.g., table or column name) is
uppercase or mixed case. ("Metadata entities" are thing like columns, relationships,
and foreign keys.) The default value undef.
generate_manager_class_name CLASS [, CM]
Given the name of a Rose::DB::Object-derived class, returns a class name for a
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class to manage such objects. The default
implementation calls the auto_manager_class_name method on the convention manager
object passed as the optional CM argument, or returned from the convention_manager
method if a CM argument is not passed.
include_tables [ REGEX | ARRAYREF ]
Get or set a regular expression or reference to an array of table names to include.
Table names that do not match REGEX or are not contained in ARRAYREF will be skipped
by default during calls to the make_classes method. Tables without primary keys are
automatically (and always) skipped.
Table names are compared to REGEX and the names in ARRAYREF in a case-insensitive
manner. To override this in the case of the REGEX, add "(?-i)" to the front of the
REGEX. Otherwise, use the filter_tables method instead.
include_predicated_unique_indexes BOOL
Get or set a boolean value that will be assigned to the
include_predicated_unique_indexes attribute of the Rose::DB::Object::Metadata object
for each class created by the make_classes method. The default value is false.
include_views BOOL
If true, database views will also be processed by default during calls to the
make_classes method. Defaults to false.
make_classes [PARAMS]
Automatically create Rose::DB::Object and (optionally) Rose::DB::Object::Manager
subclasses for some or all of the tables in a database. The class creation process is
controlled by the loader object's attributes. Optional name/value pairs passed to
this method may override some of those values. Valid PARAMS are:
db [DB]
The Rose::DB-derived object used to connect to the database. This object will
also be used as the prototype for the db object used by each Rose::DB::Object
subclass created by this call to make_classes. Defaults to the value of the
loader object's db attribute.
db_class [CLASS]
The name of the Rose::DB-derived class used to construct a db object if one has
not been set via the parameter or object attribute of the same name. Defaults to
the value of the loader object's db_class attribute.
include_tables [ REGEX | ARRAYREF ]
Table names that do not match REGEX or are not contained in ARRAYREF will be
skipped. Defaults to the value of the loader object's include_tables attribute.
Tables without primary keys are automatically (and always) skipped.
Table names are compared to REGEX and the names in ARRAYREF in a case-insensitive
manner. To override this in the case of the REGEX, add "(?-i)" to the front of
the REGEX. Otherwise, use the "filter_tables" parameter instead.
exclude_tables [ REGEX | ARRAYREF ]
Table names that match REGEX or are contained in ARRAYREF will be skipped.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's exclude_tables attribute. Tables
without primary keys are automatically (and always) skipped.
Table names are compared to REGEX and the names in ARRAYREF in a case-insensitive
manner. To override this in the case of the REGEX, add "(?-i)" to the front of
the REGEX. Otherwise, use the "filter_tables" parameter instead.
filter_tables CODEREF
A reference to a subroutine that takes a single table name argument and returns
true if the table should be processed, false if it should be skipped. The $_
variable will also be set to the table name before the call. This parameter
cannot be combined with the "exclude_tables" or "include_tables" options.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's filter_tables attribute, provided
that both the "exclude_tables" and "include_tables" values are undefined. Tables
without primary keys are automatically skipped.
force_lowercase BOOL
A boolean value that indicates whether or not metadata entity names should be
forced to lowercase even when the related entity is uppercase or mixed case.
("Metadata entities" are thing like columns, relationships, and foreign keys.)
If this parameter is omitted and if the loader object's force_lowercase attribute
is not defined, then the value is chosen based on the database currently being
examined. If the database is Oracle, then it defaults to true. Otherwise, it
defaults to false.
The final value is propagated to the convention manager attribute of the same
name.
include_predicated_unique_indexes BOOL
This value will be assigned to the include_predicated_unique_indexes attribute of
the Rose::DB::Object::Metadata object for each class created by this method.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's include_predicated_unique_indexes
attribute.
include_views BOOL
If true, database views will also be processed. Defaults to the value of the
loader object's include_views attribute.
post_init_hook [ CODEREF | ARRAYREF ]
A reference to a subroutine or a reference to an array of code references that
will be called just after each Rose::DB::Object-derived class is initialized.
Each referenced subroutine will be passed the class's metadata object plus any
arguments to the initialize method. Defaults to the value of the loader object's
post_init_hook attribute.
pre_init_hook [ CODEREF | ARRAYREF ]
A reference to a subroutine or a reference to an array of code references that
will be called just before each Rose::DB::Object-derived class is initialized.
Each referenced subroutine will be passed the class's metadata object plus any
arguments to the initialize method. Defaults to the value of the loader object's
pre_init_hook attribute.
require_primary_key BOOL
If true, then any table that does not have a primary key will be skipped.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's require_primary_key attribute. Note
that a Rose::DB::Object-derived class based on a table with no primary key will
not function correctly in all circumstances. Use this feature at your own risk.
warn_on_missing_pk BOOL
This is an alias for the "warn_on_missing_primary_key" parameter.
warn_on_missing_primary_key BOOL
If true, then any table that does not have a primary key will trigger a warning.
If "require_primary_key" is false and the loader object's
warn_on_missing_primary_key attribute is undefined, or if the
"warn_on_missing_primary_key" parameter is set to an undefined value or is not
passed to the make_classes call at all, then "warn_on_missing_primary_key" is set
to false. Otherwise, it defaults to the value of the loader object's
warn_on_missing_primary_key attribute. Note that a Rose::DB::Object-derived class
based on a table with no primary key will not function correctly in all
circumstances.
These complicated defaults are intended to honor the intentions of the
"require_primary_key" attribute/parameter. If not requiring primary keys and no
explicit decision has been made about whether to warn about missing primary keys,
either in the parameters to the make_classes call or in the loader object itself,
then we don't warn about missing primary keys. The idea is that not requiring
primary keys is a strong indication that their absence is not worth a warning.
with_foreign_keys BOOL
If true, set up foreign key metadata for each Rose::DB::Object-derived. Defaults
to the value of the loader object's with_foreign_keys attribute.
with_managers BOOL
If true, create Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived manager classes for each
Rose::DB::Object subclass. Defaults to the value of the loader object's
with_managers attribute.
The manager class name is determined by passing the Rose::DB::Object-derived class
name to the generate_manager_class_name method.
The Rose::DB::Object subclass's metadata object's make_manager_class method will
be used to create the manager class. It will be passed the return value of the
convention manager's auto_manager_base_name method as an argument.
with_relationships [ BOOL | ARRAYREF ]
A boolean value or a reference to an array of relationship type names. If set to
a simple boolean value, then all types of relationships will be considered when
making classes. If set to a list of relationship type names, then only
relationships of those types will be considered. Defaults to the value of the
loader object's with_relationships attribute.
with_unique_keys BOOL
If true, set up unique key metadata for each Rose::DB::Object-derived. Defaults
to the value of the loader object's with_unique_keys attribute.
Any remaining name/value parameters will be passed on to the call to auto_initialize
used to set up each class. For example, to ask the loader not to create any
relationships, pass the "with_relationships" parameter with a false value.
$loader->make_classes(with_relationships => 0);
This parameter will be passed on to the auto_initialize method, which, in turn, will
pass the parameter on to its own call to the auto_init_relationships method. See the
Rose::DB::Object::Metadata documentation for more information on these methods.
Each Rose::DB::Object subclass will be created according to the "best practices"
described in the Rose::DB::Object::Tutorial. If a base class is not provided, one
(with a dynamically generated name) will be created automatically. The same goes for
the db object. If one is not set, then a new (again, dynamically named) subclass of
Rose::DB, with its own private data source registry, will be created automatically.
This method returns a list (in list context) or a reference to an array (in scalar
context) of the names of all the classes that were created. (This list will include
manager class names as well, if any were created.)
make_modules [PARAMS]
Automatically create Rose::DB::Object and (optionally) Rose::DB::Object::Manager
subclasses for some or all of the tables in a database, then create Perl module (*.pm)
files for each class.
This method calls make_classes to make the actual classes.
Note: If you are trying to regenerate a set of module files that already exist in the
target "module_dir", please make sure that this "module_dir" is not in your @INC path.
(That is, make sure it is not in the set of paths that perl will search when looking
for module files in response to a "use" or "require" statement.) More generally, you
must make sure that existing versions of the modules you are attempting to generate
are not in your @INC path.
(If you do not do this, when make_classes makes a class and looks for a related class,
it will find and load the previously generated ".pm" file, which will then cause
make_classes to skip that class later when it sees that it already exists in memory.
And if make_classes skips it, make_modules will never see it and therefore will never
regenerate the ".pm" file.)
This method takes all of the same parameters as make_classes, with several additions:
module_dir DIR
The path to the directory where the Perl module files will be created. For
example, given a DIR of "/home/john/lib", the Perl module file for the class
"My::DB::Object" would be located at "/home/john/lib/My/DB/Object.pm".
Defaults to the value of the loader object's module_dir attribute. If the
module_dir attribute is also undefined, then the current working directory (as
determined by a call to cwd()) is used instead.
module_preamble [ SCALAR | CODE ]
If defined as a scalar, inserts the contents of the variable into the auto-
generated file before any of the auto-generated class information. If provided as
a code ref, calls the indicated function, passing the metadata object as a
parameter. (The metadata object that belongs to the "object_class" and the
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class name are passed if the module is a
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class.) The returned value of the function is
inserted as the preamble text.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's module_preamble attribute.
module_postamble [ SCALAR | CODE ]
If defined as a scalar, inserts the contents of the variable into the auto-
generated file after any of the auto-generated class information. If provided as
a code ref, calls the indicated function, passing the metadata object as a
parameter. (The metadata object that belongs to the "object_class" and the
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class name are passed if the module is a
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class.) The returned value of the function is
inserted as the postamble text.
Defaults to the value of the loader object's module_postamble attribute.
module_dir [DIR]
Get or set the path to the directory where make_modules will create its Perl modules
files. For example, given a DIR of "/home/john/lib", make_modules would create the
file "/home/john/lib/My/DB/Object.pm" for the class "My::DB::Object".
module_preamble [ SCALAR | CODE ]
If defined as a scalar, inserts the contents of the variable into the auto-generated
file before any of the auto-generated class information. If provided as a code ref,
calls the indicated function, passing the metadata object as a parameter. (The
metadata object that belongs to the "object_class" and the
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class name are passed if the module is a
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class.) The returned value of the function is
inserted as the preamble text.
module_postamble [ SCALAR | CODE ]
If defined as a scalar, inserts the contents of the variable into the auto-generated
file after any of the auto-generated class information. If provided as a code ref,
calls the indicated function, passing the metadata object as a parameter. (The
metadata object that belongs to the "object_class" and the
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class name are passed if the module is a
Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class.) The returned value of the function is
inserted as the postamble text.
pre_init_hook [CODE]
Get or set a reference to a subroutine to be called just before each
Rose::DB::Object-derived class is initializeed within the make_classes method. The
subroutine will be passed the class's metdata object as an argument.
require_primary_key BOOL
Get or set a boolean value that determines whether or not the make_classes method will
skip any table that does not have a primary key will be skipped. Defaults to true.
Note that a Rose::DB::Object-derived class based on a table with no primary key will
not function correctly in all circumstances. Use this feature at your own risk.
warn_on_missing_pk BOOL
This is an alias for the warn_on_missing_primary_key method.
warn_on_missing_primary_key BOOL
Get or set a boolean value that determines whether or not the make_classes method will
emit a warning when it encounters a table that does not have a primary key. Defaults
to undefined.
with_foreign_keys BOOL
If true, the make_classes method will set up foreign key metadata for each
Rose::DB::Object-derived class it creates. Defaults to true.
with_managers [BOOL]
If true, the make_classes method will create Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived manager
classes for each Rose::DB::Object subclass by default. Defaults to true.
The manager class name is determined by passing the Rose::DB::Object-derived class
name to the generate_manager_class_name method.
The Rose::DB::Object subclass's metadata object's make_manager_class method will be
used to create the manager class. It will be passed the return value of the
convention manager's auto_manager_base_name method as an argument.
with_relationships [ BOOL | ARRAYREF ]
A boolean value or a reference to an array of relationship type names. If set to a
simple boolean value, then the make_classes method will consider all types of
relationships when making classes. If set to a list of relationship type names, then
only relationships of those types will be considered by make_classes. Defaults to
true.
with_unique_keys BOOL
If true, the make_classes method will set up unique key metadata for each
Rose::DB::Object-derived class it creates. Defaults to true.
manager_base_class CLASS
This is an alias for the manager_base_classes method.
manager_base_classes [ CLASS | ARRAYREF ]
Get or set the list of base classes to use for the Rose::DB::Object::Manager
subclasses created by the make_classes method. The argument may be a class name or a
reference to an array of class names. At least one of the classes should inherit from
Rose::DB::Object::Manager.
Returns a list (in list context) or reference to an array (in scalar context) of base
class names. Defaults to Rose::DB::Object::Manager.
AUTHOR
John C. Siracusa (siracusa@gmail.com)
LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2010 by John C. Siracusa. All rights reserved. This program is free
software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.