NAME

       Text::BibTeX::NameFormat - format BibTeX-style author names

SYNOPSIS

          use Text::BibTeX::NameFormat;

          $format = Text::BibTeX::NameFormat->($parts, $abbrev_first);

          $format->set_text ($part,
                             $pre_part, $post_part,
                             $pre_token, $post_token);

          $format->set_options ($part, $abbrev, $join_tokens, $join_part

          ## Uses the encoding/binmode and normalization form stored in $name
          $formatted_name = $format->apply ($name);

DESCRIPTION

       After splitting a name into its components parts (represented as a "Text::BibTeX::Name"
       object), you often want to put it back together again as a single string formatted in a
       consistent way.  "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat" provides a very flexible way to do this,
       generally in two stages: first, you create a "name format" which describes how to put the
       tokens and parts of any name back together, and then you apply the format to a particular
       name.

       The "name format" is encapsulated in a "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat" object.  The constructor
       ("new") includes some clever behind-the-scenes trickery that means you can usually get
       away with calling it alone, and not need to do any customization of the format object.  If
       you do need to customize the format, though, the set_text() and set_options() methods
       provide that capability.

       Note that "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat" is a fairly direct translation of the name-formatting
       C interface in the btparse library.  This manual page is meant to provide enough
       information to use the Perl class, but for more details and examples, consult
       bt_format_names.

CONSTANTS

       Two enumerated types for dealing with names and name formatting have been brought from C
       into Perl.  In the btparse documentation, you'll see references to "bt_namepart" and
       "bt_joinmethod".  The former lists the four "parts" of a BibTeX name: first, von, last,
       and jr; its values (in both C and Perl) are "BTN_FIRST", "BTN_VON", "BTN_LAST", and
       "BTN_JR".  The latter lists the ways in which bt_format_name() (the C function that
       corresponds to "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat"'s "apply" method) can join adjacent tokens
       together: "BTJ_MAYTIE", "BTJ_SPACE", "BTJ_FORCETIE", and "BTJ_NOTHING".  Both sets of
       values may be imported from the "Text::BibTeX" module, using the import tags "nameparts"
       and "joinmethods".  For instance:

          use Text::BibTeX qw(:nameparts :joinmethods);
          use Text::BibTeX::Name;
          use Text::BibTeX::NameFormat;

       The "name part" constants are used to specify surrounding text or formatting options on a
       per-part basis: for instance, you can supply the "pre-token" text, or the "abbreviate"
       flag, for a single part without affecting other parts.  The "join methods" are two of the
       three formatting options that you can set for a part: you can control how to join the
       individual tokens of a name ("JR Smith", or "J R Smith", or "J~R Smith", and you can
       control how the final token of one part is joined to the next part ("la Roche" versus
       "la~Roche").

METHODS

       new(PARTS, ABBREV_FIRST)
           Creates a new name format, with the two most common customizations: which parts to
           include (and in what order), and whether to abbreviate the first name.  PARTS should
           be a string with at most four characters, one representing each part that you want to
           occur in a formatted name (defaults to "fvlj").  For example, "fvlj" means to format
           names in "first von last jr" order, while "vljf" denotes "von last jr first."
           ABBREV_FIRST is just a boolean value: false to print out the first name in full, and
           true to abbreviate it with periods after each token and discretionary ties between
           tokens (defaults to false).  All intra- and inter-token punctuation and spacing is
           independently controllable with the "set_text" and "set_options" methods, although
           these will rarely be necessary---sensible defaults are chosen for everything, based on
           the PARTS and ABBREV_FIRST values that you supply.  See the description of
           bt_create_name_format() in bt_format_names for full details of the choices made.

       set_text (PART, PRE_PART, POST_PART, PRE_TOKEN, POST_TOKEN)
           Allows you to customize some or all of the surrounding text for a single name part.
           Every name part has four possible chunks of text that go around or within it:
           before/after the part as a whole, and before/after each token in the part.  For
           instance, if you are abbreviating first names and wish to control the punctuation
           after each token in the first name, you would set the "post token" text:

              $format->set_text ('first', undef, undef, undef, '');

           would set the post-token text to the empty string, resulting in names like "J R
           Smith".  (Normally, abbreviated first names will have a period after each token: "J.
           R. Smith".)  Note that supplying "undef" for the other three values leaves them
           unchanged.

           See bt_format_names for full information on formatting names.

       set_options (PART, ABBREV, JOIN_TOKENS, JOIN_PART)
           Allows further customization of a name format: you can set the abbreviation flag and
           the two token-join methods.  Alas, there is no mechanism for leaving a value
           unchanged; you must set everything with "set_options".

           For example, let's say that just dropping periods from abbreviated tokens in the first
           name isn't enough; you really want to save space by jamming the abbreviated tokens
           together: "JR Smith" rather than "J R Smith"  Assuming the two calls in the above
           example have been done, the following will finish the job:

              $format->set_options (BTN_FIRST,
                                    1,             # keep same value for abbrev flag
                                    BTJ_NOTHING,   # jam tokens together
                                    BTJ_SPACE);    # space after final token of part

           Note that we unfortunately had to know (and supply) the current values for the
           abbreviation flag and post-part join method, even though we were only setting the
           intra-part join method.

       apply (NAME)
           Once a name format has been created and customized to your heart's content, you can
           use it to format any number of names using the "apply" method.  NAME must be a
           "Text::BibTeX::Name" object (i.e., a pre-split name); "apply" returns a string
           containing the parts of the name formatted according to the "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat"
           structure it is called on.

EXAMPLES

       Although the process of splitting and formatting names may sound complicated and
       convoluted from reading the above (along with Text::BibTeX::Name), it's actually quite
       simple.  There are really only three steps to worry about: split the name (create a
       "Text::BibTeX::Name" object), create and customize the format ("Text::BibTeX::NameFormat"
       object), and apply the format to the name.

       The first step is covered in Text::BibTeX::Name; here's a brief example:

          $orig_name = 'Charles Louis Xavier Joseph de la Vall{\'e}e Poussin';
          $name = Text::BibTeX::Name->new($orig_name);

       The various parts of the name can now be accessed through "Text::BibTeX::Name" methods;
       for instance "$name->part('von')" returns the list "("de","la")".

       Creating the name format is equally simple:

          $format = Text::BibTeX::NameFormat->new('vljf', 1);

       creates a format that will print the name in "von last jr first" order, with the first
       name abbreviated.  And for no extra charge, you get the right punctuation at the right
       place: a comma before any `jr' or `first' tokens, and periods after each `first' token.

       For instance, we can perform no further customization on this format, and apply it
       immediately to $name.  There are in fact two ways to do this, depending on whether you
       prefer to think of it in terms of "Applying the format to a name" or "formatting a name".
       The first is done with "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat"'s "apply" method:

          $formatted_name = $format->apply ($name);

       while the second uses "Text::BibTeX::Name"'s "format" method:

          $formatted_name = $name->format ($format);

       which is just a wrapper around "Text::BibTeX::NameFormat::apply".  In either case, the
       result with the example name and format shown is

          de~la Vall{\'e}e~Poussin, C.~L. X.~J.

       Note the strategic insertion of TeX "ties" (non-breakable spaces) at sensitive spots in
       the name.  (The exact rules for insertion of discretionary ties are given in
       bt_format_names.)

SEE ALSO

       Text::BibTeX::Entry, Text::BibTeX::Name, bt_format_names.

AUTHOR

       Greg Ward <gward@python.net>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1997-2000 by Gregory P. Ward.  All rights reserved.  This file is part of
       the Text::BibTeX library.  This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or
       modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.