Provided by: libbobcat-dev_6.04.00-1ubuntu3_amd64 
NAME
FBB::String - Several operations on std::string objects
SYNOPSIS
#include <bobcat/string>
Linking option: -lbobcat
DESCRIPTION
This class offers facilities for often used transformations on std::string objects, which
are not supported by the std::string class itself. All members of FBB::String are static.
Initially this class was derived from std::string. Deriving from std::string, however, is
considerd bad design as std::string was not designed as a base-class.
FBB::String offers a series of static member functions providing the facilities originally
implemented as non-static members. One of these members is the (overloaded) split member,
splitting a string into elements separated by one or more configurable characters. These
elements may contain or consist of double- or single-quoted (sub) strings and escape
characters. Escape characters are converted to their implied byte-values (e.g., \n is
converted to byte value 10) unless they are embedded in single-quoted (sub) strings.
Quotes surrounding double- and single-quoted (sub) strings are removed from the elements
returned by the split members.
NAMESPACE
FBB
All constructors, members, operators and manipulators, mentioned in this man-page, are
defined in the namespace FBB.
INHERITS FROM
--
ENUMERATIONS
o Type:
This enumeration indicates the nature of the content of an element in the array
returned by the overloaded split members (see below).
DQUOTE, a subset of the characters in the matching string element was delimited by
double quotes in the in the string that was parsed by the split members.
DQUOTE_UNTERMINATED, the content of the string that was parsed by the split members
started at some point with a double quote, but the matching ending double quote was
lacking.
ESCAPED_END, the content of the string that was parsed by the split members ended
in a mere backslash.
NORMAL, a normal string;
SEPARATOR, a separator;
SQUOTE, a subset of the characters in the matching string element was delimited by
quotes in the in the string that was parsed by the split members.
SQUOTE_UNTERMINATED, the content of the string that was parsed by the split members
started at some point with a quote, but the matching ending quote was lacking.
o SplitType:
This enumeration is used to specify how split members should split the information
in the string objects that are passed to these members:
TOK: the split member acts like the standard C function strtok(3). The essence here
is that no empty elements are returned. E.g., a string containing "a,," which is
processed using the TOK mode returns a NORMAL element containing "a".
TOKSEP: the split member acts like the standard C function strtok(3), also
returning information about encountered separators. Since strtok doesn’t return
empty elements, TOKSEP uses empty elements to indicate the occurrence of
separators. E.g., a string containing "a,," which is processed using the TOKSEP
mode returns a NORMAL element containing "a", followed by two empty SEPARATOR
elements.
STR: the split member acts like the standard C function strstr(3). The essence here
is that empty elements are also returned. E.g., a string containing "a,," which is
processed using the STR mode returns an element containing "a", followed by two
empty NORMAL elements.
STRSEP: the split member acts like the standard C function strstr(3), also
returning information about encountered separators. E.g., a string containing
"a,," which is processed using the STRSEP mode returns a NORMAL element containing
"a", followed by a SEPARATOR element containing ",", followed by a NORMAL empty
element, followed by a SEPARATOR element containing ",", and finally followed by a
NORMAL empty element,
NESTED TYPE
The struct SplitPair defines a std::pair<std::string, String::Type> and is used by some
overloaded split members (see below).
STATIC MEMBER FUNCTIONS
o char const **argv(std::vector<std::string> const &words):
Returns a pointer to an allocated series of pointers to the C strings stored in the
vector words. The caller is responsible for returning the array of pointers to the
common pool, but should not delete the C-strings to which the pointers point. The
last element of the returned array is guaranteed to be a 0-pointer.
o int casecmp(std::string const &lhs, std::string const &rhs):
Performs a case-insensitive comparison of the content of two std::string objects. A
negative value is returned if lhs should be ordered before rhs; 0 is returned if
the two strings have identical content; a positive value is returned if the lhs
object should be ordered beyond rhs.
o std::string escape(std::string const &str, char const *series = "’\"\\"):
Returns a copy of str in which all characters in series are prefixed by a backslash
character.
o std::string join(std::vector<std::string> const &words, char sep):
The elements of the words vector are returned as one string, separated from each
other by the sep character;
o std::string join(std::vector<SplitPair> const &entries, char sep, bool all = true):
The first fields of the elements in entries are returned as one string, separated
from each other by the sep character. If the parameter all is specified as false
then elements whose second fields are equal to String::SEPARATOR are ignored.
o std::string lc(std::string const &str) const:
Returns a copy of str in which all letters were transformed to lower case letters.
o std::vector<String::SplitPair> split(std::string const &str, SplitType mode, char
const *sep = " \t"):
The string str is split into substrings, separated by any of the characters in sep.
The substrings are returned in a vector of SplitPair elements, using the specified
SplitType mode (cf. the description of the various SplitPair values and their
effects in the ENUMERATIONS section).
o std::vector<String::SplitPair> split(std::string const &str, char const *separators
= " \t", bool addEmpty = false):
This member acts like the previous one, using addEmpty == false to select mode TOK
and addEmpty == true to select mode TOKSEP.
o size_t split(std::vector<String::SplitPair> *entries, std::string const &str,
SplitType mode, char const *sep = " \t"):
Same functionality as the first split member, but this member stores the SplitPair
elements in the vector pointed at by the entries parameter, first clearing the
vector. This member returns the new value of entries->size().
o size_t split(std::vector<String::SplitPair> *entries, std::string const &str, char
const *sep = " \t", bool addEmpty = false):
This member acts like the previous one, using addEmpty == false to select mode TOK
and addEmpty == true to select mode TOKSEP.
o std::vector<std::string> split(Type *type, std::string const &str, SplitType stype,
char const *sep = " \t"):
Same functionality as the first split member, but this member merely stores the
first fields of the SplitPair elements in the returned vector. The String::Type
variable whose address is passed to the type parameter is set to NORMAL if the
final entry was successfully determined; to DQUOTE_UNTERMINATED if a final closing
double quote could not be found; to SQUOTE_UNTERMINATED if a final closing single
quote could not be found; and to ESCAPE_END if the final character in str is a
backslash character.
o std::vector<std::string> split(Type *type, std::string const &str, char const *sep
= " \t", bool addEmpty = false):
This member acts like the previous one, using addEmpty == false to select mode TOK
and addEmpty == true to select mode TOKSEP.
o size_t split(std::vector<std::string> *words, std::string const &str, SplitType
stype, char const *sep = " \t"):
Same functionality as the first split member, but this member merely stores the
first fields of the encountered SplitPair elements in the vector pointed at by
words, first clearing the vector. This member returns the new value of
words->size().
o size_t split(std::vector<std::string> *words, std::string const &str, char const
*sep = " \t", bool addEmpty = false):
This member acts like the previous one, using addEmpty == false to select mode TOK
and addEmpty == true to select mode TOKSEP.
o std::string trim(std::string const &str):
Returns a copy of str from which leading and trailing blank characters were
removed.
o std::string uc(std::string const &str):
Returns a copy of str in which all letters were capitalized.
o std::string unescape(std::string const &str):
Returns a copy of str in which the escaped (i.e., prefixed by a backslash)
characters were interpreted. All standard escape characters (\a, \b, \f, \n, \r,
\t, \v) are recognized. If an escape character is followed by x at most the next
two characters are interpreted as a hexadecimal number. If an escape character is
followed by an octal digit, then at most the next three characters following the
backslash are interpreted as an octal number. In all other cases, the backslash is
removed and the character following the backslash is kept.
o std::string urlDecode(std::string const &str):
URL specifications use %xx encoding to encode characters, except for alpha-numeric
characters and the characters - _ . and ~, which are kept as-is. Other characters
are encode by a % character, followed by two hexadecimal characters representing
those characters’ byte value. E.g., a blank space is encoded as %20, a plus
character is encoded as %2B. The member urlDecode returns a std::string containing
the decoded characters of the url-encoded string that is passed as argument to this
member.
o std::string urlEncode(std::string const &str):
See the member urlDecode: urlEncode returns a std::string containing the
url-encoded characters of the characters in the string that is passed as argument
to this member.
EXAMPLE
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <bobcat/string>
using namespace std;
using namespace FBB;
static char const *type[] =
{
"DQUOTE_UNTERMINATED",
"SQUOTE_UNTERMINATED",
"ESCAPED_END",
"SEPARATOR",
"NORMAL",
"DQUOTE",
"SQUOTE",
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
cout << "Program’s name in uppercase: " << String::uc(argv[0]) << "\n\n";
vector<String::SplitPair> splitpair;
string text{ "one, two, ’thr\\x65\\145’" };
string encoded{ String::urlEncode(text) };
cout << "The string `" << text << "’\n"
" as url-encoded string: `" << encoded << "’\n"
" and the latter string url-decoded: " <<
String::urlDecode(encoded) << "\n"
"\n"
"Splitting `" << text << "’ into " <<
String::split(&splitpair, text, String::STRSEP, ", ") <<
" fields\n";
for (auto it = splitpair.begin(); it != splitpair.end(); ++it)
cout << (it - splitpair.begin() + 1) << ": " <<
type[it->second] << ": `" << it->first <<
"’, unescaped: `" << String::unescape(it->first) <<
"’\n";
cout << ’\n’ <<
text << ":\n"
" upper case: " << String::uc(text) << ",\n"
" lower case: " << String::lc(text) << ’\n’;
}
/*
Calling the program as
driver’
results in the following output:
Program’s name in uppercase: DRIVER
Splitting `one, two, ’thr\x65\145’’ into 9 fields
1: NORMAL: `one’, unescaped: `one’
2: SEPARATOR: `,’, unescaped: `,’
3: NORMAL: `’, unescaped: `’
4: SEPARATOR: ` ’, unescaped: ` ’
5: NORMAL: `two’, unescaped: `two’
6: SEPARATOR: `,’, unescaped: `,’
7: NORMAL: `’, unescaped: `’
8: SEPARATOR: ` ’, unescaped: ` ’
9: SQUOTE: `thr\x65\145’, unescaped: `three’
one, two, ’thr\x65\145’:
upper case: ONE, TWO, ’THR\X65\145’,
lower case: one, two, ’thr\x65\145’
*/
FILES
bobcat/string - defines the class interface
SEE ALSO
bobcat(7)
BUGS
None Reported.
BOBCAT PROJECT FILES
o https://fbb-git.gitlab.io/bobcat/: gitlab project page;
o bobcat_6.04.00-x.dsc: detached signature;
o bobcat_6.04.00-x.tar.gz: source archive;
o bobcat_6.04.00-x_i386.changes: change log;
o libbobcat1_6.04.00-x_*.deb: debian package containing the libraries;
o libbobcat1-dev_6.04.00-x_*.deb: debian package containing the libraries, headers
and manual pages;
BOBCAT
Bobcat is an acronym of `Brokken’s Own Base Classes And Templates’.
COPYRIGHT
This is free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License
(GPL).
AUTHOR
Frank B. Brokken (f.b.brokken@rug.nl).