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NAME
sysfs - a filesystem for exporting kernel objects
DESCRIPTION
The sysfs filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem which provides an interface to kernel data structures. (More
precisely, the files and directories in sysfs provide a view of the kobject structures defined internally
within the kernel.) The files under sysfs provide information about devices, kernel modules,
filesystems, and other kernel components.
The sysfs filesystem is commonly mounted at /sys. Typically, it is mounted automatically by the system,
but it can also be mounted manually using a command such as:
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
Many of the files in the sysfs filesystem are read-only, but some files are writable, allowing kernel
variables to be changed. To avoid redundancy, symbolic links are heavily used to connect entries across
the filesystem tree.
Files and directories
The following list describes some of the files and directories under the /sys hierarchy.
/sys/block
This subdirectory contains one symbolic link for each block device that has been discovered on the
system. The symbolic links point to corresponding directories under /sys/devices.
/sys/bus
This directory contains one subdirectory for each of the bus types in the kernel. Inside each of
these directories are two subdirectories:
devices
This subdirectory contains symbolic links to entries in /sys/devices that correspond to the
devices discovered on this bus.
drivers
This subdirectory contains one subdirectory for each device driver that is loaded on this
bus.
/sys/class
This subdirectory contains a single layer of further subdirectories for each of the device classes
that have been registered on the system (e.g., terminals, network devices, block devices, graphics
devices, sound devices, and so on). Inside each of these subdirectories are symbolic links for
each of the devices in this class. These symbolic links refer to entries in the /sys/devices
directory.
/sys/class/net
Each of the entries in this directory is a symbolic link representing one of the real or virtual
networking devices that are visible in the network namespace of the process that is accessing the
directory. Each of these symbolic links refers to entries in the /sys/devices directory.
/sys/dev
This directory contains two subdirectories block/ and char/, corresponding, respectively, to the
block and character devices on the system. Inside each of these subdirectories are symbolic links
with names of the form major-ID:minor-ID, where the ID values correspond to the major and minor ID
of a specific device. Each symbolic link points to the sysfs directory for a device. The
symbolic links inside /sys/dev thus provide an easy way to look up the sysfs interface using the
device IDs returned by a call to stat(2) (or similar).
The following shell session shows an example from /sys/dev:
$ stat -c "%t %T" /dev/null
1 3
$ readlink /sys/dev/char/1\:3
../../devices/virtual/mem/null
$ ls -Fd /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null
/sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/
$ ls -d1 /sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/*
/sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/dev
/sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/power/
/sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/subsystem@
/sys/devices/virtual/mem/null/uevent
/sys/devices
This is a directory that contains a filesystem representation of the kernel device tree, which is
a hierarchy of device structures within the kernel.
/sys/firmware
This subdirectory contains interfaces for viewing and manipulating firmware-specific objects and
attributes.
/sys/fs
This directory contains subdirectories for some filesystems. A filesystem will have a
subdirectory here only if it chose to explicitly create the subdirectory.
/sys/fs/cgroup
This directory conventionally is used as a mount point for a tmpfs(5) filesystem containing mount
points for cgroups(7) filesystems.
/sys/fs/smackfs
The directory contains configuration files for the SMACK LSM. See the kernel source file
Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/Smack.rst.
/sys/hypervisor
[To be documented]
/sys/kernel
This subdirectory contains various files and subdirectories that provide information about the
running kernel.
/sys/kernel/cgroup/
For information about the files in this directory, see cgroups(7).
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing
Mount point for the tracefs filesystem used by the kernel's ftrace facility. (For information on
ftrace, see the kernel source file Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt.)
/sys/kernel/mm
This subdirectory contains various files and subdirectories that provide information about the
kernel's memory management subsystem.
/sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
This subdirectory contains one subdirectory for each of the huge page sizes that the system
supports. The subdirectory name indicates the huge page size (e.g., hugepages-2048kB). Within
each of these subdirectories is a set of files that can be used to view and (in some cases) change
settings associated with that huge page size. For further information, see the kernel source file
Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst.
/sys/module
This subdirectory contains one subdirectory for each module that is loaded into the kernel. The
name of each directory is the name of the module. In each of the subdirectories, there may be
following files:
coresize
[to be documented]
initsize
[to be documented]
initstate
[to be documented]
refcnt [to be documented]
srcversion
[to be documented]
taint [to be documented]
uevent [to be documented]
version
[to be documented]
In each of the subdirectories, there may be following subdirectories:
drivers
[To be documented]
holders
[To be documented]
notes [To be documented]
parameters
This directory contains one file for each module parameter, with each file containing the
value of the corresponding parameter. Some of these files are writable, allowing the
sections
This subdirectories contains files with information about module sections. This
information is mainly used for debugging.
[To be documented]
/sys/power
[To be documented]
STANDARDS
Linux.
HISTORY
Linux 2.6.0.
NOTES
This manual page is incomplete, possibly inaccurate, and is the kind of thing that needs to be updated
very often.
SEE ALSO
proc(5), udev(7)
P. Mochel. (2005). The sysfs filesystem. Proceedings of the 2005 Ottawa Linux Symposium.
The kernel source file Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt and various other files in Documentation/ABI
and Documentation/*/sysfs.txt