Ubuntu Manpage: cdrdao - reads and writes CDs in disc-at-once mode

NAME

       cdrdao - reads and writes CDs in disc-at-once mode

SYNOPSIS

       cdrdao                   {show-toc|toc-info|toc-size|read-toc|read-cd|read-cddb|show-data|read-test|disk-
       info|discid|msinfo|drive-info|unlock|scanbus|simulate|write|copy|blank}  [--device   device]   [--source-
       device  device]  [--driver  driver-id]  [--source-driver  driver-id] [--simulate] [--speed writing-speed]
       [--blank-mode mode] [--datafile  file]  [--read-raw]  [--read-subchan  [--no-mode2-mixed]  mode]  [--tao-
       source]  [--tao-source-adjust  link-blocks]  [--fast-toc] [--buffers buffer-count] [--multi] [--overburn]
       [--eject] [--swap] [--session] [--force] [--reload] [--keepimage] [--on-the-fly]  [--paranoia-mode  mode]
       [--with-cddb]   [--cddb-servers   server-list]   [--cddb-timeout  timeout]  [--cddb-directory  directory]
       [--tmpdir directory] [--keep] [--save] [-n] [-v verbose-level] toc-file

DESCRIPTION

       cdrdao creates audio and data CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode driven by a description file  called  toc-
       file.   In  DAO  mode it is possible to create non standard track pre-gaps that have other lengths than 2
       seconds and contain nonzero audio data. This is for example useful to divide live recordings into  tracks
       where 2 second gaps would be kind of irritating.

       Instead  of  a toc-file a cue file (used by a famous DOS/Windows mastering tool) may be used. See the CUE
       FILES section for more details.

COMMANDS

The first argument must be one of the following commands:

show-toc
Print out a summary about what will be written to the CD-R.

toc-info
Prints out short toc-file summary.

toc-size
Prints total number of blocks for toc.

read-toc
Analyze each track of the inserted CD and create a toc-file that can be used to make a more or
less exact copy of the CD. This command does not read out the audio or data tracks, use read-cd
for this purpose.

You can specify a filename for the data file via the --datafile option.

read-cd
Copies all tracks of the inserted CD to an image file and creates a corresponding toc-file. The
name of the image file defaults to "data.bin" if no --datafile option is given.

read-cddb
Tries to retrieve title and artist data from a CDDB server for the CD represented by the given
toc-file. The retrieved data is added as CD-TEXT data for language 0 to the toc-file. Existing CD-
TEXT data for language 0 will be overwritten.

show-data
Print out all samples that would be written to the CD-R. Each line contains the sample number
(starting at 0) and the decimal sample value for the left and right channel. Useful to check if
the byte order of audio files is correct.

read-test
Check if all data can be read from the audio files that are defined in the toc-file. This will
also check the communication with the slave process that is responsible for writing the audio data
to the CD-recorder. Mainly used for testing.

disk-info
Shows information about the inserted CD-R. If the CD-R has an open session it will also print the
start of the last and current session which is used by mkisofs to create an image for a second or
higher session.

discid Prints out CDDB information.

msinfo Shows information required for creating multi session disks with mkisofs. The output is meant for
processing by scripts.

drive-info
Shows drive information.

unlock Tries to unlock the recorder device after a failed write or simulation run. If you cannot eject
the CD after a cdrdao run try this command.

blank Blanks a CD-RW. The CD-RW is minimally blanked by default. Use option --blank-mode to select
another blanking mode. Sometimes the blanking speed must be manually reduced for a successful
blanking operation. Use option --speed to select another blanking speed.

scanbus
Scan for devices.

simulate
Like write but laser stays cold. It is a shortcut for write --simulate.

write Write the CD-R according to the specifications in the toc-file.

copy Performs all steps to copy a CD. The device containing the source CD must be specified with option
--source-device and the recorder device with option --device. If only a single device is
available the option --source-device must be omitted and cdrdao will prompt to insert the CD-R
after an image of the source CD was created.

The image file with name "cddata<pid>.bin" will be created in the current working directory if no
--datafile option is given. The created image will be removed after it has been written.

If option --on-the-fly is given no image file is created and the data will be directly piped from
the reading device to the CD recorder.

OPTIONS

--device [prot:]bus,id,lun
Sets the SCSI address of the CD-recorder in form of a bus/id/lun triple, e.g. '0,2,0' for the
logical unit 0 of SCSI device with ID 2 on bus 0. ATAPI devices can be specified by using the
prefix 'ATAPI:', e.g. 'ATAPI:0,0,0'. On some systems a device node may be specified directly, e.g.
'/dev/sg0' on Linux systems. Linux 2.6 users may also try the newer ATAPI interface with the
'ATA:' prefix.

--source-device [prot:]bus,id,lun
Like above but used for the copy command to specify the source device.

--driver driver-id:option-flags
Force usage of specified driver instead of the automatically determined driver. Available driver
IDs:
cdd2600, plextor, plextor-scan, generic-mmc, generic-mmc-raw, ricoh-mp6200, yamaha-cdr10x, teac-
cdr55, sony-cdu920, sony-cdu948, taiyo-yuden, toshiba.
Specifying an illegal driver ID will give a list of available drivers. Option flags may be used
to modify the behavior of some drivers. See README for details.

--source-driver driver-id:option-flags
Like above but used for the device specified with option --source-device.

--speed value
Set the writing speed to value. Default is the highest possible speed.

--blank-mode mode
Sets the blanking mode. Available modes are full and minimal. Please consider that the data of
minimally blanked disks may be easily recovered. Use the full blanking mode for completely erasing
all data. The default blanking mode is minimal.

--datafile file
Used for read-toc, read-cd and copy. Set the default data file placed in the toc-file by read-
toc. Use "-" to indicate STDIN. For commands read-cd and copy it specifies the name of the
created image file.

--read-raw
Only used for commands read-cd and read-toc. All data sectors will be written as 2352 byte blocks
including the sector header and L-EC data to the image file. The track mode will be set to
MODE1_RAW or MODE2_RAW in the created toc-file.

--read-subchan mode
Used by commands read-cd, read-toc and copy. Specifies the type of sub-channel data that is
extracted from the source CD and written to the track image or copied to the destination CD. Mode
may be rw for reading packed R-W sub-channel data (de-interleaved and error corrected) and rw_raw
for reading raw R-W sub-channel data (not de-interleaved, not error corrected, L-EC data included
in the track image). If this option is not specified no sub-channel data will be extracted.

--no-mode2-mixed
Only used for commands read-cd and read-toc. If we have MODE2_FORM1 or MODE2_FORM2, don't extract
it as MODE2_FORM_MIX. toc-file.

--tao-source
This option indicates to the commands read-toc and read-cd that the source CD was written in TAO
mode. It will be assumed that the pre-gap length between all tracks (except between two audio
tracks) is the standard 150 blocks plus the number of link blocks (usually 2). The number of link
blocks can be controlled with option --tao-source-adjust.

Use this option only if read-toc or read-cd give error messages in the transition areas between
two tracks. If you use this option with pressed CDs or CDs written in DAO mode you will get wrong
results.

--tao-source-adjust link-blocks
Specifies the number of link blocks for tracks written in TAO mode. This option has only an effect
if option --tao-source is given.

--fast-toc
Only used for command read-toc. This option suppresses the pre-gap length and index mark
extraction which speeds up the read-toc process. Standard 2 second pre-gaps (but no silence!) will
be placed into the toc-file. The resulting CD will sound like the source CD. Only the CD player's
display will behave slightly different in the transition area between two tracks.

This option might help, too, if read-toc fails with your drive otherwise.

--buffers buffer-count
Specifies the number of buffers that are allocated to avoid buffer under runs. The minimal buffer
count is fixed to 10, default is 32 except on FreeBSD systems, on which default is 20. Each
buffer holds 1 second of audio data so that dividing buffer-count by the writing speed gives the
maximum time for which reading of audio data may be stalled.

--multi
If this option is given the session will not be closed after the audio data is successfully
written. It is possible to append another session on such disks, e.g. to create a CD-EXTRA.

--overburn
By default cdrdao will not allow one to write more data on a medium than specified by the current
medium. This option allows one to ignore this condition.

--eject
Eject the CD-R after writing or write simulation.

--swap Swap the byte order of all samples that are send to the CD-recorder.

--session session-nr
Used for read-toc and read-cd to specify the session which should be processed on multi session
CDs.

--reload
Indicates that the tray may be opened before writing without prompting the user to reset the disk
status after a simulation run.

--force
Forces the execution of an operation that otherwise would not be performed.

--paranoia-mode mode
Sets the correction mode for digital audio extraction. 0: No checking, data is copied directly
from the drive. 1: Perform overlapped reading to avoid jitter. 2: Like 1 but with additional
checks of the read audio data. 3: Like 2 but with additional scratch detection and repair.

The extraction speed reduces from 0 to 3.

Default is the full paranoia mode (3).

--keepimage
If a CD is copied with command copy this option will cause that the created image is not removed
after the copy process has finished.

--on-the-fly
Perform CD copy on the fly without creating an image file.

--with-cddb
Enables the automatic fetching of CDDB data for use as CD-TEXT data for commands copy, read-toc
and read-cd.

--cddb-servers server-list
Sets space or ',' separated list of CDDB servers used for command read-cddb or for commands where
the --with-cddb option is active. A server entry may have the following forms:

<server>
Connect to <server>, default cddbp port (888), use cddbp protocol.

<server>:<port>
Connect to <server>, port <port>, use cddbp protocol.

<server>:<cgi-bin-path>
Connect to <server>, default http port (80), use http protocol, url: <cgi-bin-path>.

<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>
Connect to <server>, port <port>, use http protocol, url: <cgi-bin-path>.

<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>
Connect to <proxy-server>, default http port (80), use http protocol, url:
http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-bin-path>.

<server>:<port>:<cgi-bin-path>:<proxy-server>:<proxy-port>
Connect to <proxy-server>, port <proxy-port>, use http protocol, url: http://<server>:<port>/<cgi-
bin-path>.

The <cgi-bin-path> is usually "/~cddb/cddb.cgi".

All servers of the server list will be tried in the given order until a successful connection can
be established. For http proxy servers the first successful connected http proxy server will be
used independent of the ability to connect to the target http server.

Example: freedb.freedb.org:/~cddb/cddb.cgi

--cddb-timeout timeout
Sets the timeout in seconds used for connections to CDDB servers.

--cddb-directory directory
Specifies the local CDDB database directory where fetched CDDB records will be stored. If this
option is not given a fetched CDDB record will not be stored locally.

--tmpdir directory
Specifies the directory in which to store temporary data files created from decoding MP3 and Ogg
Vorbis files. By default, "/tmp" is used.

--keep Upon exit from cdrdao, do not delete temporary WAV files created from MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files.

--save Saves some of the current options to the settings file "$HOME/.cdrdao" and exits. See section
SETTINGS for more details.

-n Suppresses the 10 second pause before writing or simulating.

-v verbose-level
Sets verbose level. Levels > 2 are debug levels which produce a lot of output.

TOC FILES

The toc-file describes what data is written to the CD-R and allows control over track/index positions,
pre-gaps and sub-channel information. It is a simple text file, use your favorite text editor to create
it.

A toc-file contains an optional header and a sequence of track specifications. Comments starting with
'//' reaching until end of line can be placed anywhere.

Header
CATALOG "ddddddddddddd"
Specifies the optional catalog number of the CD. The string must contain exactly 13 digits.

The following flags specify the type of session that will be created. It is used to create the correct
CD-TOC format and to check the consistency of the track modes for the desired session type. If multiple
flags are given the last one will take effect.

CD_DA The disc contains only audio tracks.

CD_ROM The disc contains just mode 1 tracks or mode 1 and audio tracks (mixed mode CD).

CD_ROM_XA
The disc contains mode 2 form 1 or mode 2 form 2 tracks. Audio tracks are allowed, too. This type
must be used if multi session disks are created (option --multi).

CD_TEXT { ... }
Defines global CD-TEXT data like the album title and the used languages. See the CD-TEXT section
below for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.

Track Specification
TRACK <track-mode> [<sub-channel-mode>]
Starts a new track, the track number is incremented by 1. The length of a track must be at least 4
seconds. The block length of the input data depends on the <track-mode>: AUDIO: 2352 bytes (588
samples), MODE1: 2048 bytes, MODE1_RAW: 2352 bytes, MODE2: 2336 bytes, MODE2_FORM1: 2048 bytes,
MODE2_FORM2: 2324 bytes, MODE2_FORM_MIX: 2336 bytes including the sub-header, MODE2_RAW: 2352
bytes. The <sub-channel-mode> is optional. If given it specifies the type of sub-channel data for
each sector. RW: packed R-W sub-channel data (96 bytes, L-EC data will be generated if required),
RW_RAW: raw R-W sub-channel data (interleaved and L-EC data already calculated, 96 bytes). The
block length is increased by the sub-channel data length if a <sub-channel-mode> is specified. If
the input data length is not a multiple of the block length it will be padded with zeros.

The following flags may follow the track start statement. They are used to set sub-channel information
for the current track. Each flag is optional. If not given the following defaults are used: copy not
permitted, no pre emphasis, two channel audio, no ISRC code.

[ NO ] COPY
Sets or clears the copy permitted flag.

[ NO ] PRE_EMPHASIS
Sets or clears the pre emphasis flag (only for audio tracks).

TWO_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains two channel audio data (only for audio tracks).

FOUR_CHANNEL_AUDIO
Indicates that track contains four channel audio data (only for audio tracks).

ISRC "CCOOOYYSSSSS"
Sets ISRC code of track (only for audio tracks).
C: country code (upper case letters or digits)
O: owner code (upper case letters or digits)
Y: year (digits)
S: serial number (digits)

An optional CD-TEXT block that defines the CD-TEXT data for this track may follow. See the CD-TEXT
section below for the syntax of the CD-TEXT block contents.

CD_TEXT { ... }

At least one of the following statements must appear to specify the data for the current track. Lengths
and start positions may be expressed in samples (1/44100 seconds) for audio tracks or in bytes for data
tracks. It is also possible to give the length in blocks with the MSF format 'MM:SS:FF' specifying
minutes, seconds and frames (0 <= 'FF' < 75) . A frame equals one block.

If more than one statement is used the track will be composed by concatenating the data in the specified
order.

SILENCE <length>
Adds zero audio data of specified length to the current audio track. Useful to create silent pre-
gaps.

ZERO <length>
Adds zero data to data tracks. Must be used to define pre- or post-gaps between tracks of
different mode.

[ FILE | AUDIOFILE ] "<filename>" <start> [ <length> ]
Adds the audio data of specified file to the current audio track. It is possible to select a
portion of an audio file with <start> and <length> which allows non destructive cutting. The first
sample of an audio file is addressed with <start> = 0. If <length> is omitted or set to 0 all
audio data from <start> until the end of file is used.

Audio files may have raw or WAVE format with 16 bits per sample, 44.1 kHz sampling rate, stereo.
Raw files must have the layout 'MSBLeft LSBLeft MSBRight LSBRight ...' (big endian byte order).
WAVE files are expected to have little endian byte order. The option --swap reverses the expected
byte order for all raw and WAVE files. Only filenames with a ".wav" ending are treated as WAVE
files, all other names are assumed to be raw audio files. Use tools like sox(1) to convert other
file formats to supported formats.

Specifying a "-" as filename causes data to be read from STDIN. Currently only raw files are
supported from STDIN.

If you are unsure about the byte order of your audio files try the command 'show-data'. If the
byte order is correct you will see a sequence of increasing or decreasing numbers for both
channels. Otherwise numbers are jumping between very high and low values - high volume static.

DATAFILE "<filename>" [ <length> ]
Adds data from given file to the current data track. If <length> is omitted the actual file length
will be used.

FIFO "<fifo path>" <length>
Adds data from specified FIFO path to the current audio or data track. <length> must specify the
amount of data that will be read from the FIFO. The value is always in terms of bytes (scalar
value) or in terms of the block length (MSF value).

START [ MM:SS:FF ]
Defines the length of the pre-gap (position where index switches from 0 to 1). If the MSF value is
omitted the current track length is used. If the current track length is not a multiple of the
block length the pre-gap length will be rounded up to next block boundary.

If no START statement is given the track will not have a pre-gap.

PREGAP MM:SS:FF
This is an alternate way to specify a pre-gap with zero audio data. It may appear before the first
SILENCE, ZERO or FILE statement. Either PREGAP or START can be used within a track specification.
It is equivalent to the sequence
SILENCE MM:SS:FF
START
for audio tracks or
ZERO MM:SS:FF
START
for data tracks.

Nothing prevents mixing 'DATAFILE'/'ZERO' and 'AUDIOFILE'/'SILENCE' statements within the same track. The
results, however, are undefined.

The end of a track specification may contain zero or more index increment statements:

INDEX MM:SS:FF
Increments the index number at given position within the track. The first statement will increment
from 1 to 2. The position is relative to the real track start, not counting an existing pre-gap.

CD-TEXT Blocks
A CD-TEXT block may be placed in the global section to define data valid for the whole CD and in each
track specification of a toc-file. The global section must define a language map that is used to map a
language-number to country codes. Up to 8 different languages can be defined:

LANGUAGE_MAP { 0 : c1 1 : c2 ... 7 : c7 }
The country code may be an integer value in the range 0..255 or one of the following countries
(the corresponding integer value is placed in braces behind the token): EN(9, English)
It is just necessary to define a mapping for the used languages.

If no mapping exists for a language-number the data for this language will be ignored.

For each language a language block must exist that defines the actual data for a certain language.

LANGUAGE language-number { cd-text-item cd-text-data cd-text-item cd-text-data ... }
Defines the CD-TEXT items for given language-number which must be defined in the language map.

The cd-text-data may be either a string enclosed by " or binary data like
{ 0, 10, 255, ... }
where each integer number must be in the range 0..255.
The cd-text-item may be one of the following:

TITLE String data: Title of CD or track.

PERFORMER
String data.

SONGWRITER
String data.

COMPOSER
String data.

ARRANGER
String data.

MESSAGE
String data. Message to the user.

DISC_ID
String data: Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT block. The format is usually: XY12345

GENRE Mixture of binary data (genre code) and string data. Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. Useful entries will be created by gcdmaster.

TOC_INFO1
Binary data: Optional table of contents 1. Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.

TOC_INFO2
Binary data: Optional table of contents 2. Should only appear in the global CD-TEXT block.

UPC_EAN
String data: This item should only appear in the global CD-TEXT block. Was always an empty string
on the CD-TEXT CDs I had access to.

ISRC String data: ISRC code of track. The format is usually: CC-OOO-YY-SSSSS

SIZE_INFO
Binary data: Contains summary about all CD-TEXT data and should only appear in the global CD-TEXT
block. The data will be automatically (re)created when the CD-TEXT data is written.

If one of the CD-TEXT items TITLE, PERFORMER, SONGWRITER, COMPOSER, ARRANGER, ISRC is defined for
at least on track or in the global section it must be defined for all tracks and in the global
section. If a DISC_ID item is defined in the global section, an ISRC entry must be defined for
each track.

Examples
Simple track without pre-gap with all audio data from WAVE file "data.wav":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.wav" 0

Standard track with two second pre-gap, ISRC code and CD-TEXT:
CD_DA
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE_MAP {
0 : EN
}

LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "CD Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
DISC_ID "XY12345"
UPC_EAN ""
}
}

TRACK AUDIO
ISRC "DEXXX9800001"
CD_TEXT {
LANGUAGE 0 {
TITLE "Track Title"
PERFORMER "Performer"
ISRC "DE-XXX-98-00001"
}
}
PREGAP 0:2:0
FILE "data.wav" 0

Track with 10 second pre-gap containing audio data from raw file "data.cdr":
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data.cdr" 0
START 0:10:0

Composed track with data from different files. Pre-gap data and length is taken from "pregapdata.wav".
The first minute of "track.cdr" is omitted and two seconds silence are inserted at '2:0:0'. Index will be
incremented after 2 and 4 minutes past track start:
CD_DA
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "pregapdata.wav" 0
START
FILE "track.cdr" 1:0:0 1:0:0
SILENCE 0:2:0
FILE "track.cdr" 2:0:0
INDEX 2:0:0
INDEX 4:0:0

Mixed mode CD with a data track as first track followed by two audio tracks.
CD_ROM
TRACK MODE1
DATAFILE "data_1"
ZERO 00:02:00 // post-gap

TRACK AUDIO
SILENCE 00:02:00 // pre-gap
START
FILE "data_2.wav" 0

TRACK AUDIO
FILE "data_3.wav" 0

CUE FILES

       Cue  files  may be used wherever a toc-file is expected. The corresponding bin file is not taken from the
       FILE statement of a cue file but constructed from the cue file name by replacing ".cue"  by  ".bin".  The
       cue file must have exactly one FILE statement.

       Currently,  following  track  modes  are  supported:  MODE1/2048, MODE1/2352, MODE2/2336, MODE2/2352. The
       CATALOG, ISRC and POSTGAP statements are parsed but not evaluated, yet.

SETTINGS

Some of the command line options can be stored as settings at following locations. The files will be read
on startup of cdrdao in that order:

1. /etc/cdrdao.conf

2. /etc/defaults/cdrdao

3. /etc/default/cdrdao

4. $HOME/.cdrdao

Command line options will overwrite the loaded settings. The settings file contains name - value pairs
separated by a colon. String values must be enclosed by ". The file is automatically written if the
command line option --save is used but it is also possible to modify it manually. Following values are
defined:

write_device
Device used for operations simulate, write, copy, blank, disk-info and unlock. Corresponding
option: --device

write_driver
Driver (including driver options) that is used for operations simulate, write, copy, blank, disk-
info and unlock. Corresponding option: --driver

write_speed
Specifies writing speed. Corresponding option: --speed

write_buffers
Specifies fifo buffers used for recording. Corresponding option: --buffers

read_device
Device used for operations read-toc, read-cd and copy. Corresponding option: --device or
--source-device

read_driver
Driver (including driver options) used for operations read-toc, read-cd and copy. Corresponding
option: --driver or --source-driver

read_paranoia_mode
Paranoia mode used for operations read-cd and copy. Corresponding option: --paranoia-mode

cddb_server_list
CDDB server list for read-cddb. Corresponding option: --cddb-servers

cddb_timeout
CDDB connection timeout in seconds used by read-cddb. Corresponding option: --cddb-timeout

cddb_directory
Local directory where fetched CDDB records will be stored, used by read-cddb. Corresponding
option: --cddb-directory

tmp_file_dir
Directory where temporary WAV files will be created from decoding MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files.
Corresponding option: --tmpdir

BUGS

       If the program is terminated during the write/simulation process used IPC resources may not be  released.
       Use ipcs(8) and ipcrm(8) to delete them.

AUTHOR

       Andreas Mueller mueller@daneb.ping.de [DEFUNCT]
       Denis Leroy <denis@poolshark.org>
       Manuel Clos <llanero@users.sourceforge.net>