oracular (3) Graphics::ColorUtils.3pm.gz
NAME
Graphics::ColorUtils - Easy-to-use color space conversions and more.
SYNOPSIS
use Graphics::ColorUtils;
( $y, $i, $q ) = rgb2yiq( $r, $g, $b );
( $r, $g, $b ) = yiq2rgb( $y, $i, $q );
$hex_string = yiq2rgb( $y, $i, $q );
( $c, $m, $y ) = rgb2cmy( $r, $g, $b );
( $r, $g, $b ) = cmy2rgb( $c, $m, $y );
$hex_string = cmy2rgb( $c, $m, $y );
( $h, $l, $s ) = rgb2hls( $r, $g, $b );
( $r, $g, $b ) = hls2rgb( $h, $l, $s );
$hex_string = hls2rgb( $h, $l, $s );
( $h, $s, $v ) = rgb2hsv( $r, $g, $b );
( $r, $g, $b ) = hsv2rgb( $h, $s, $v );
$hex_string = hsv2rgb( $h, $s, $v );
# -----
use Graphics::ColorUtils qw( :gradients );
( $r, $g, $b ) = grad2rgb( $name, $f ); # where 0.0 <= $f < 1.0
$hex_string = grad2rgb( $name, $f );
%color_count_for_gradient_name = available_gradients();
$array_ref_of_rgb_triples = gradient( $name );
$array_ref_old_grad = register_gradient( $name, $array_ref_of_rgb_triples );
# -----
use Graphics::ColorUtils qw( :names );
( $r, $g, $b ) = name2rgb( $name );
$hex_string = name2rgb( $name );
$hash_ref_rgb_triples_for_name = available_names();
( $old_r, $old_g, $old_b ) = register_name( $name, $r, $g, $b );
$old_hex_string = register_name( $name, $r, $g, $b );
$default_ns = get_default_namespace();
$old_ns = set_default_namespace( $new_ns );
DESCRIPTION
This modules provides some utility functions to handle colors and color space conversions.
The interface has been kept simple, so that most functions can be called "inline" when making calls to
graphics libraries such as GD, Tk, or when generating HTML/CSS. (E.g. for GD: "$c = $img->colorAllocate(
hsv2rgb( 270, 0.5, 0.3 ) );".)
Features:
Color Space Conversions
Color space conversions, in particular between the "intuitive" color spaces HSV
(Hue/Saturation/Value) and HLS (Hue/Lightness/Saturation) to and from RGB (Red/Green/Blue).
Color Lookup
Color lookup by name for three standard sets of colors: WWW/CSS, SVG, and X11.
Color Gradients
Management of color gradients, which can be indexed by a floating point number in the range 0..1.
(Mostly intended for false-color data visualization.)
CONVENTIONS
Legal values:
Y, I, Q: 0..1
C, M, Y: 0..1
R, G, B: 0..255 (may be float on input, guaranteed int on output)
H: 0..360 (red=0->yellow->green=120->cyan->blue=240->magenta steps of 60)
S, V: 0..1
L, S: 0..1
All "...2rgb" functions return a three-element array in list context, and a string formatted according to
"#%02x%02x%02x" (e.g. '#ff3a18') in scalar context.
METHODS
Color Space Conversions
YIQ "rgb2yiq( $r, $g, $b )" and "yiq2rgb( $y, $i, $q)"
CMY "rgb2cmy( $r, $g, $b )" and "cmy2rgb( $c, $m, $y)"
HSV "rgb2hsv( $r, $g, $b )" and "hsv2rgb( $h, $s, $v)"
HLS "rgb2hls( $r, $g, $b )" and "hls2rgb( $h, $l, $s)"
All these methods take a triple of values and return a triple of converted values. However, in scalar
context the "...2rgb" methods return a string formatted according to "#%02x%02x%02x" (e.g. '#ff3a18').
This format is appropriate e.g. for calls to Tk routines: "$mw->widget( -color =" hls2rgb( 180, 0.2, 0.1
) );>, etc.
Color Names
Names can be arbitrary strings. If names contain a colon (':'), the part of the name before the colon is
considered a "namespace" specification. Namespaces allow to have multiple color values corresponding to
the same name and to control the priority in which those values will be retrieved.
"name2rgb( $name )"
Returns a triple "( $r, $g, $b )" in list context or a a hex-string in scalar context if the name has
been found, "undef" otherwise.
The name is normalized before lookup is attempted. Normalization consists of: lowercasing and
elimination of whitespace. Also, "gray" is replaced with "grey".
If the name is prefixed with a namespace (separated by colon a ':'), only this namespace is searched.
If no namespace is specified, then the lookup occurs first in the global namespace, then in the
default namespace.
"available_names()"
Returns a reference to a hash, the keys of which are the color names, and the values are references
to three-element arrays of RGB values.
"register_name( $name, $r, $g, $b )"
Takes a name and an RGB triple. Stores the triple for the given name. The name will be normalized
(lowercased, whitespace eliminated, 'gray' replaced by 'grey') before assignment is made.
If the name is not prefixed by a namespace, the color will be entered into the global namespace.
Returns the old value for the name, if the name already exists, "undef" otherwise.
"get_default_namespace()"
Returns the current value of the default namespace. Note that the empty string '' corresponds to the
global namespace.
"set_default_namespace()"
Sets the default namespace. Returns the previous value.
Giving an empty string as argument makes the global namespace the default. Note that the global
namespace is initially empty.
(On startup, the default namespace is 'x11'.)
Color Gradients
"grad2rgb( $name, $f )"
Given the name of a gradient and a floating point number between 0 and 1, returns the color (as RGB
triple or formatted hex-string) corresponding to the position in the gradient given by $f. Returns
"undef" when gradient not found or $f outside valid range.
"available_gradients()"
Returns a hash, the keys of which are the names of the known gradients and the values being the
number of colors in the corresponding gradient.
"gradient( $name )"
Given the name of a gradient, returns a reference to an array of RGB triples or "undef" if the
gradient is not found.
"register_gradient( $name, $array_ref )"
Takes the name of a (possibly new) gradient and a reference to an array of RGB triples. Stores the
array as gradient for that name. If the gradient name already existed, returns a reference to the
old array, "undef" otherwise.
An introduction, together with a large number of sample gradients can be found at Paul Bourke's webpage:
http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/texture_colour/colourramp/
EXPORT
Exports by default:
rgb2yiq(), yiq2rgb()
rgb2cmy(), cmy2rgb()
rgb2hls(), hls2rgb()
rgb2hsv(), hsv2rgb()
Using the export tag ":names", exports the following additional methods:
name2rgb()
available_names()
register_name()
set_default_namespace()
get_default_namespace()
Using the export tag ":gradients", exports the following additional methods:
gradient()
grad2rgb()
available_gradients()
register_gradient()
BUGS
Input parameter validation
Most methods do not explicitly validate that their arguments lie in the valid range.
Multiple namespaces
Names containing multiple colons may not be handled correctly.
Hue wrap-around
While hue should be restricted to 0..360, both "hsv2rgb()" and "hls2rgb()" tolerate "moderate"
violation of this constraint (up to +/- 359).
TODO
Perl Versions
This module has only been explicitly tested with Perl 5.8, but nothing (should) prevent it from
running fine with other versions of Perl.
Additional color space conversions
For instance to and from XYZ, CIE, Luv; if desired!.
Additional pre-defined gradients
Suggestions welcome!
SEE ALSO
Related Modules
Color::Rgb
Lookup of color values for names. Similar to the "names" methods in this module. Requires
X11/rgb.txt.
Graphics::ColorNames
Lookup of color values for names. Similar to the "names" methods in this module. Does not require
X11/rgb.txt. Comes with several sets of predefined color names (similar to this module).
Graphics::ColorObject
Color space conversions, including conversions to and from XYZ and Luv. Object-oriented interface
requires instantiation of a "color-object" for each color, which can then provide a representation of
itself in all color spaces.
Color::Scheme
Generates pleasant color schemes (sets of colors).
Standard Color Sets
WWW/CSS
The 16 (or 17, including "orange") colors defined by the W3: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color
SVG The 138 unique named colors (140 normalized unique names) defined for SVG by the W3:
http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/types.html#ColorKeywords
X11 The 502 unique named colors (549 normalized unique names) defined by the X11 libraries in
/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt on an X11 system
Websites
• Poynton's Color FAQ: http://www.poynton.com/ColorFAQ.html
• Paper on Color Conversion Algorithms: http://www.poynton.com/PDFs/coloureq.pdf
• Paul Bourke's Webpage with many relevant details:
http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/texture_colour/
Books
• Computer Graphics - Principles and Practice by James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner,
John F. Hughes (Second Edition in C, 1990, mult. print runs)
A comprehensive reference. Beware of typos in the algorithms!
• Introduction to Computer Graphics by James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, John F.
Hughes, Richard L. Phillips (1990, mult. print runs)
A textbook based on the previous title. Possibly more accessible and available.
• Computer Graphics - C Version by Donald Hearn and M. Pauline Baker (2nd ed, 1997)
Another textbook.
AUTHOR
Philipp K. Janert, <janert at ieee dot org >, http://www.beyondcode.org
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (C) 2006 by Philipp K. Janert
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl
itself, either Perl version 5.8.3 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.