oracular (3) Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::TxRep.3pm.gz
NAME
Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::TxRep - Normalize scores with sender reputation records
SYNOPSIS
The TxRep (Reputation) plugin is designed as an improved replacement of the AWL (Auto-Welcomelist)
plugin. It adjusts the final message spam score by looking up and taking in consideration the reputation
of the sender.
To try TxRep out, you have to first disable the AWL plugin (if enabled), and back up its database. AWL is
loaded in v310.pre and can be disabled by commenting out the loadplugin line:
# loadplugin Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::AWL
When AWL is not disabled, TxRep will refuse to run.
TxRep should be enabled by uncommenting the following line in v341.pre:
loadplugin Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::TxRep
Use the supplied 60_txreputation.cf file or add these lines to a .cf file:
header TXREP eval:check_senders_reputation()
describe TXREP Score normalizing based on sender's reputation
tflags TXREP userconf noautolearn
priority TXREP 1000
DESCRIPTION
This plugin is intended to replace the former AWL - AutoWelcomeList. Although the concept and the scope
differ, the purpose remains the same - the normalizing of spam score results based on previous sender's
history. The name was intentionally changed from "whitelist" to "reputation" to avoid any confusion,
since the result score can be adjusted in both directions.
The TxRep plugin keeps track of the average SpamAssassin score for senders. Senders are tracked using
multiple identificators, or their combinations: the From: email address, the originating IP and/or an
originating block of IPs, sender's domain name, the DKIM signature, and the HELO name. TxRep then uses
the average score to reduce the variability in scoring from message to message, and modifies the final
score by pushing the result towards the historical average. This improves the accuracy of filtering for
most email.
In comparison with the original AWL plugin, several conceptual changes were implemented in TxRep:
1. Scoring - at AWL, although it tracks the number of messages received from each respective sender, when
calculating the corrective score at a new message, it does not take it in count in any way. So for
example a sender who previously sent a single ham message with the score of -5, and then sends a second
one with the score of +10, AWL will issue a corrective score bringing the score towards the -5. With the
default "auto_welcomelist_factor" of 0.5, the resulting score would be only 2.5. And it would be exactly
the same even if the sender previously sent 1,000 messages with the average of -5. TxRep tries to take
the maximal advantage of the collected data, and adjusts the final score not only with the mean
reputation score stored in the database, but also respecting the number of messages already seen from the
sender. You can see the exact formula in the section ""txrep_factor"".
2. Learning - AWL ignores any spam/ham learning. In fact it acts against it, which often leads to a
frustrating situation, where a user repeatedly tags all messages of a given sender as spam (resp. ham),
but at any new message from the sender, AWL will adjust the score of the message back to the historical
average which does not include the learned scores. This is now changed at TxRep, and every spam/ham
learning will be recorded in the reputation database, and hence taken in consideration at future email
from the respective sender. See the section "LEARNING SPAM / HAM" for more details.
3. Auto-Learning - in certain situations SpamAssassin may declare a message an obvious spam resp. ham,
and launch the auto-learning process, so that the message can be re-evaluated. AWL, by design, did not
perform any auto-learning adjustments. This plugin will readjust the stored reputation by the value
defined by ""txrep_learn_penalty"" resp. ""txrep_learn_bonus"". Auto-learning score thresholds may be
tuned, or the auto-learning completely disabled, through the setting ""txrep_autolearn"".
4. Relearning - messages that were wrongly learned or auto-learned, can be relearned. Old reputations
are removed from the database, and new ones added instead of them. The relearning works better when
message tracking is enabled through the ""txrep_track_messages"" option. Without it, the relearned score
is simply added to the reputation, without removing the old ones.
5. Aging - with AWL, any historical record of given sender has the same weight. It means that changes in
senders behavior, or modified SA rules may take long time, or be virtually negated by the AWL
normalization, especially at senders with high count of past messages, and low recent frequency. It also
turns to be particularly counterproductive when the administrator detects new patterns in certain
messages, and applies new rules to better tag such messages as spam or ham. AWL will practically
eliminate the effect of the new rules, by adjusting the score back towards the (wrong) historical
average. Only setting the "auto_welcomelist_factor" lower would help, but in the same time it would also
reduce the overall impact of AWL, and put doubts on its purpose. TxRep, besides the ""txrep_factor""
(replacement of the "auto_welcomelist_factor"), introduces also the ""txrep_dilution_factor"" to help
coping with this issue by progressively reducing the impact of past records. More details can be found in
the description of the factor below.
6. Blocklisting and Welcomelisting - when a welcomelisting or blocklisting was requested through
SpamAssassin's API, AWL adjusts the historical total score of the plain email address without IP (and
deleted records bound to an IP), but since during the reception new records with IP will be added, the
blocklisted entry would cease acting during scanning. TxRep always uses the record of the plain email
address without IP together with the one bound to an IP address, DKIM signature, or SPF pass (unless the
weight factor for the EMAIL reputation is set to zero). AWL uses the score of 100 (resp. -100) for the
blocklisting (resp. welcomelisting) purposes. TxRep increases the value proportionally to the weight
factor of the EMAIL reputation. It is explained in details in the section " WELCOMELISTING" in
BLOCKLISTING . TxRep can blocklist or welcomelist also IP addresses, domain names, and dotless HELO
names.
7. Sender Identification - AWL identifies a sender on the basis of the email address used, and the
originating IP address (better told its part defined by the mask setting). The main purpose of this
measure is to avoid assigning false good scores to spammers who spoof known email addresses. The
disadvantage appears at senders who send from frequently changing locations or even when connecting
through dynamical IP addresses that are not within the block defined by the mask setting. Their score is
difficult or sometimes impossible to track. Another disadvantage is, for example, at a spammer
persistently sending spam from the same IP address, just under different email addresses. AWL will not
find his previous scores, unless he reuses the same email address again. TxRep uses several
identificators, and creates separate database entries for each of them. It tracks not only the email/IP
address combination like AWL, but also the standalone email address (regardless of the originating IP),
the standalone IP (regardless of email address used), the domain name of the email address, the DKIM
signature, and the HELO name of the connecting PC. The influence of each individual identificator may be
tuned up with the help of weight factors described in the section "REPUTATION WEIGHTS".
8. Message Tracking - TxRep (optionally) keeps track of already scanned and/or learned message ID's. This
is useful for avoiding to strengthen the reputation score by simply rescanning or relearning the same
message multiple times. In the same time it also allows the proper relearning of once wrongly learned
messages, or relearning them after the learn penalty or bonus were changed. See the option
""txrep_track_messages"".
9. User and Global Storages - usually it is recommended to use the per-user setup of SpamAssassin,
because each user may have quite different requirements, and may receive quite different sort of email.
Especially when using the Bayesian and AWL plugins, the efficiency is much better when SpamAssassin is
learned spam and ham separately for each user. However, the disadvantage is that senders and emails
already learned many times by different users, will need to be relearned without any recognized history,
anytime they arrive to another user. TxRep uses the advantages of both systems. It can use dual storages:
the global common storage, where all email processed by SpamAssassin is recorded, and a local storage
separate for each user, with reputation data from his email only. See more details at the setting
""txrep_user2global_ratio"".
10. Outbound Welcomelisting - when a local user sends messages to an email address, we assume that he
needs to see the eventual answer too, hence the recipient's address should be welcomelisted. When
SpamAssassin is used for scanning outgoing email too, when local users use the SMTP server where SA is
installed, for sending email, and when internal networks are defined, TxREP will improve the reputation
of all 'To:' and 'CC' addresses from messages originating in the internal networks. Details can be found
at the setting ""txrep_welcomelist_out"".
Both plugins (AWL and TxREP) cannot coexist. It is necessary to disable the AWL to allow TxRep running.
TxRep reuses the database handling of the original AWL module, and some its parameters bound to the
database handler modules. By default, TxRep creates its own database, but the original auto-welcomelist
can be reused as a starting point. The AWL database can be renamed to the name defined in TxRep settings,
and TxRep will start using it. The original auto-welcomelist database has to be backed up, to allow
switching back to the original state.
The spamassassin/Plugin/TxRep.pm file replaces both spamassassin/Plugin/AWL.pm and
spamassassin/AutoWelcomelist.pm. Another two AWL files, spamassassin/DBBasedAddrList.pm and
spamassassin/SQLBasedAddrList.pm are still needed.
TEMPLATE TAGS
This plugin module adds the following "tags" that can be used as placeholders in certain options. See
Mail::SpamAssassin::Conf for more information on TEMPLATE TAGS.
_TXREPXXXY_ TXREP modifier
_TXREPXXXYMEAN_ Mean score on which TXREP modification is based
_TXREPXXXYCOUNT_ Number of messages on which TXREP modification is based
_TXREPXXXYPRESCORE_ Score before TXREP
_TXREPXXXYUNKNOWN_ New sender (not found in the TXREP list)
The XXX part of the tag takes the form of one of the following IDs, depending on the reputation checked:
EMAIL, EMAILIP, IP, DOMAIN, or HELO. The Y appendix ID is used only in the case of dual storage, and
takes the form of either U (for user storage reputations), or G (for global storage reputations).
USER PREFERENCES
The following options can be used in both site-wide ("local.cf") and user-specific ("user_prefs")
configuration files to customize how SpamAssassin handles incoming email messages.
use_txrep
0 | 1 (default: 0)
Whether to use TxRep reputation system. TxRep tracks the long-term average score for each sender and
then shifts the score of new messages toward that long-term average. This can increase or decrease
the score for messages, depending on the long-term behavior of the particular correspondent.
Note that certain tests are ignored when determining the final message score:
- rules with tflags set to 'noautolearn'
txrep_factor
range [0..1] (default: 0.5)
How much towards the long-term mean for the sender to regress a message. Basically, the algorithm is
to track the long-term total score and the count of messages for the sender ("total" and "count"),
and then once we have otherwise fully calculated the score for this message ("score"), we calculate
the final score for the message as:
finalscore = score + factor * (total + score)/(count + 1)
So if "factor" = 0.5, then we'll move to half way between the calculated score and the new mean
value. If "factor" = 0.3, then we'll move about 1/3 of the way from the score toward the mean.
"factor" = 1 means use the long-term mean including also the new unadjusted score; "factor" = 0 mean
just use the calculated score, disabling so the score averaging, though still recording the
reputation to the database.
txrep_dilution_factor
range [0.7..1.0] (default: 0.98)
At any new email from given sender, the historical reputation records are "diluted", or "watered
down" by certain fraction given by this factor. It means that the influence of old records will
progressively diminish with every new message from given sender. This is important to allow a more
flexible handling of changes in sender's behavior, or new improvements or changes of local SA rules.
Without any dilution expiry (dilution factor set to 1), the new message score is simply add to the
total score of given sender in the reputation database. When dilution is used (factor < 1), the
impact of the historical reputation average is reduced by the factor before calculating the new
average, which in turn is then used to adjust the new total score to be stored in the database.
newtotal = (oldcount + 1) * (newscore + dilution * oldtotal) / (dilution * oldcount + 1)
In other words, it means that the older a message is, the less and less impact on the new average its
original spam score has. For example if we set the factor to 0.9 (meaning dilution by 10%), the score
of the new message will be recorded to its 100%, the last score of the same sender to 90%, the second
last to 81% (0.9 * 0.9 = 0.81), and for example the 10th last message just to 35%.
At stable systems, we recommend keeping the factor close to 1 (but still lower than 1). At systems
where SA rules tuning and spam learning is still in progress, lower factors will help the reputation
to quicker adapt any modifications. In the same time, it will also reduce the impact of the
historical reputation though.
txrep_learn_penalty
range [0..200] (default: 20)
When SpamAssassin is trained a SPAM message, the given penalty score will be added to the total
reputation score of the sender, regardless of the real spam score. The impact of the penalty will be
the smaller the higher is the number of messages that the sender already has in the TxRep database.
txrep_learn_bonus
range [0..200] (default: 20)
When SpamAssassin is trained a HAM message, the given penalty score will be deduced from the total
reputation score of the sender, regardless of the real spam score. The impact of the penalty will be
the smaller the higher is the number of messages that the sender already has in the TxRep database.
txrep_autolearn
range [0..5] (default: 0)
When SpamAssassin declares a message a clear spam resp. ham during the message scan, and launches the
auto-learn process, sender reputation scores of given message will be adjusted by the value of the
option ""txrep_learn_penalty"", resp. the ""txrep_learn_bonus"" in the same way as during the manual
learning. Value 0 at this option disables the auto-learn reputation adjustment - only the score
calculated before the auto-learn will be stored to the reputation database.
txrep_track_messages
0 | 1 (default: 1)
Whether TxRep should keep track of already scanned and/or learned messages. When enabled, an
additional record in the reputation database will be created to avoid false score adjustments due to
repeated scanning of the same message, and to allow proper relearning of messages that were either
previously wrongly learned, or need to be relearned after modifying the learn penalty or bonus.
txrep_welcomelist_out
range [0..200] (default: 10)
Previously txrep_whitelist_out which will work interchangeably until 4.1.
When the value of this setting is greater than zero, recipients of messages sent from within the
internal networks will be welcomelisted through improving their total reputation score with the
number of points defined by this setting. Since the IP address and other sender identificators are
not known when sending the email, only the reputation of the standalone email is being welcomelisted.
The domain name is intentionally also left unaffected. The outbound welcomelisting can only work when
SpamAssassin is set up to scan also outgoing email, when local users use the SMTP server for sending
email, and when "internal_networks" are defined in SpamAssassin configuration. The improving of the
reputation happens at every message sent from internal networks, so the more messages is being sent
to the recipient, the better reputation his email address will have.
txrep_ipv4_mask_len
range [0..32] (default: 16)
The AWL database keeps only the specified number of most-significant bits of an IPv4 address in its
fields, so that different individual IP addresses within a subnet belonging to the same owner are
managed under a single database record. As we have no information available on the allocated address
ranges of senders, this CIDR mask length is only an approximation. The default is 16 bits,
corresponding to a former class B. Increase the number if a finer granularity is desired, e.g. to 24
(class C) or 32. A value 0 is allowed but is not particularly useful, as it would treat the whole
internet as a single organization. The number need not be a multiple of 8, any split is allowed.
txrep_ipv6_mask_len
range [0..128] (default: 48)
The AWL database keeps only the specified number of most-significant bits of an IPv6 address in its
fields, so that different individual IP addresses within a subnet belonging to the same owner are
managed under a single database record. As we have no information available on the allocated address
ranges of senders, this CIDR mask length is only an approximation. The default is 48 bits,
corresponding to an address range commonly allocated to individual (smaller) organizations. Increase
the number for a finer granularity, e.g. to 64 or 96 or 128, or decrease for wider ranges, e.g. 32.
A value 0 is allowed but is not particularly useful, as it would treat the whole internet as a single
organization. The number need not be a multiple of 4, any split is allowed.
user_awl_sql_override_username
string (default: undefined)
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
If this option is set the SQLBasedAddrList module will override the set username with the value
given. This can be useful for implementing global or group based TxRep databases.
txrep_user2global_ratio
range [0..10] (default: 0)
When the option txrep_user2global_ratio is set to a value greater than zero, and if the server
configuration allows it, two data storages will be used - user and global (server-wide) storages.
User storage keeps only senders who send messages to the respective recipient, and will reflect also
the corrected/learned scores, when some messages are marked by the user as spam or ham, or when the
sender is welcomelisted or blocklisted through the API of SpamAssassin.
Global storage keeps the reputation data of all messages processed by SpamAssassin with their spam
scores and spam/ham learning data from all users on the server. Hence, the module will return a
reputation value even at senders not known to the current recipient, as long as he already sent email
to anyone else on the server.
The value of the txrep_user2global_ratio parameter controls the impact of each of the two
reputations. When equal to 1, both the global and the user score will have the same impact on the
result. When set to 2, the reputation taken from the user storage will have twice the impact of the
global value. The final value of the TXREP tag will be calculated as follows:
total = ( ratio * user + global ) / ( ratio + 1 )
When no reputation is found in the user storage, and a global reputation is available, the global
storage is used fully, without applying the ratio.
When the ratio is set to zero, only the default storage will be used. And it then depends whether you
use the global, or the local user storage by default, which in turn is controlled either by the
parameter user_awl_sql_override_username (in case of SQL storage), or the "/auto_welcomelist_path"
parameter (in case of Berkeley database).
When this dual storage is enabled, and no global storage is defined by the above mentioned parameters
for the Berkeley or SQL databases, TxRep will attempt to use a generic storage - user 'GLOBAL' in
case of SQL, and in the case of Berkeley database it uses the path defined by
'__local_state_dir__/tx-reputation', which typically renders into /var/db/spamassassin/tx-reputation.
When the default storages are not available, or are not writable, you would have to set the global
storage with the help of the "user_awl_sql_override_username" resp. "auto_welcomelist_path
settings".
Please note that some SpamAssassin installations run always under the same user ID. In such case it
is pointless enabling the dual storage, because it would maximally lead to two identical global
storages in different locations.
This feature is disabled by default.
auto_welcomelist_distinguish_signed (default: 1 - enabled)
Previously auto_welcomelist_distinguish_signed which will work interchangeably until 4.1.
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
If this option is set the SQLBasedAddrList module will keep separate database entries for DKIM-
validated e-mail addresses and for non-validated ones. Without this option, or for domains that do
not use a DKIM signature, the reputation of legitimate email can get mixed with the reputation of
forgeries. A pre-requisite when setting this option is that a field txrep.signedby exists in a SQL
table, otherwise SQL operations will fail. A DKIM plugin must also be enabled in order for this
option to take effect. This option is highly recommended. Unless you are using a pre-3.3.0 database
schema and cannot upgrade, there is no reason to disable this option. If you are upgrading from AWL
and using a pre-3.3.0 schema, the txrep.signedby column will not exist. It is recommended that you
add this column, but if that is not possible you must set this option to 0 to avoid SQL errors.
txrep_spf
0 | 1 (default: 1)
When enabled, TxRep will treat any IP address using a given email address as the same authorized
identity, and will not associate any IP address with it. (The same happens with valid DKIM
signatures. No option available for DKIM).
Note: at domains that define the useless SPF +all (pass all), no IP would be ever associated with the
email address, and all addresses (incl. the forged ones) would be treated as coming from the
authorized source. However, such domains are hopefully rare, and ask for this kind of treatment
anyway.
REPUTATION WEIGHTS
The overall reputation of the sender comprises several elements:
1) The reputation of the 'From' email address bound to the originating IP address fraction (see the mask
parameters for details)
2) The reputation of the 'From' email address alone (regardless the IP address being currently used)
3) The reputation of the domain name of the 'From' email address
4) The reputation of the originating IP address, regardless of sender's email address
5) The reputation of the HELO name of the originating computer (if available)
Each of these partial reputations is weighted with the help of these parameters, and the overall
reputation is calculation as the sum of the individual reputations divided by the sum of all their
weights:
sender_reputation = weight_email * rep_email +
weight_email_ip * rep_email_ip +
weight_domain * rep_domain +
weight_ip * rep_ip +
weight_helo * rep_helo
You can disable the individual partial reputations by setting their respective weight to zero. This will
also reduce the size of the database, since each partial reputation requires a separate entry in the
database table. Disabling some of the partial reputations in this way may also help with the performance
on busy servers, because the respective database lookups and processing will be skipped too.
txrep_weight_email
range [0..10] (default: 3)
This weight factor controls the influence of the reputation of the standalone email address,
regardless of the originating IP address. When adjusting the weight, you need to keep on mind that an
email address can be easily spoofed, and hence spammers can use 'from' email addresses belonging to
senders with good reputation. From this point of view, the email address bound to the originating IP
address is a more reliable indicator for the overall reputation.
On the other hand, some reputable senders may be sending from a bigger number of IP addresses, so
looking for the reputation of the standalone email address without regarding the originating IP has
some sense too.
We recommend using a relatively low value for this partial reputation.
txrep_weight_email_ip
range [0..10] (default: 10)
This is the standard reputation used in the same way as it was by the original AWL plugin. Each
sender's email address is bound to the originating IP, or its part as defined by the
txrep_ipv4_mask_len or txrep_ipv6_mask_len parameters.
At a user sending from multiple locations, diverse mail servers, or from a dynamic IP range out of
the masked block, his email address will have a separate reputation value for each of the different
(partial) IP addresses.
When the option auto_welcomelist_distinguish_signed is enabled, in contrary to the original AWL
module, TxRep does not record the IP address when DKIM signature is detected. The email address is
then not bound to any IP address, but rather just to the DKIM signature, since it is considered that
it authenticates the sender more reliably than the IP address (which can also vary).
This is by design the most relevant reputation, and its weight should be kept high.
txrep_weight_domain
range [0..10] (default: 2)
Some spammers may use always their real domain name in the email address, just with multiple or
changing local parts. This reputation will record the spam scores of all messages send from the
respective domain, regardless of the local part (user name) used.
Similarly as with the email_ip reputation, the domain reputation is also bound to the originating
address (or a masked block, if mask parameters used). It avoids giving false reputation based on
spoofed email addresses.
In case of a DKIM signature detected, the signature signer is used instead of the domain name
extracted from the email address. It is considered that the signing authority is responsible for
sending email of any domain name, hence the same reputation applies here.
The domain reputation will give relevant picture about the owner of the domain in case of small
servers, or corporation with strict policies, but will be less relevant for freemailers like Gmail,
Hotmail, and similar, because both ham and spam may be sent by their users.
The default value is set relatively low. Higher weight values may be useful, but we recommend caution
and observing the scores before increasing it.
txrep_weight_ip
range [0..10] (default: 4)
Spammers can send through the same relay (incl. compromised hosts) under a multitude of email
addresses. This is the exact case when the IP reputation can help. This reputation is a kind of a
local RBL.
The weight is set by default lower than for the email_IP reputation, because there may be cases when
the same IP address hosts both spammers and acceptable senders (for example the marketing department
of a company sends you spam, but you still need to get messages from their billing address).
txrep_weight_helo
range [0..10] (default: 0.5)
Big number of spam messages come from compromised hosts, often personal computers, or top-boxes.
Their NetBIOS names are usually used as the HELO name when connecting to your mail server. Some of
the names are pretty generic and hence may be shared by a big number of hosts, but often the names
are quite unique and may be a good indicator for detecting a spammer, despite that he uses different
email and IP addresses (spam can come also from portable devices).
No IP address is bound to the HELO name when stored to the reputation database. This is intentional,
and despite the possibility that numerous devices may share some of the HELO names.
This option is still considered experimental, hence the low weight value, but after some testing it
could be likely at least slightly increased.
txrep_report_details
0 | 1 | 2 (default: 0)
Add TxRep details to the rule's description in the message report or summary, similar to how RBL
rules commonly are showing listed domains.
If enabled (value 1) the identificators (From address bound to originating IP address fraction, From
address alone, domain name bound to originating IP address fraction, originating IP address and HELO
if available) used in calculating the sender's overall reputation are listed, including the
originating IP address fraction (according to the mask settings) where applicable.
If this option is set to 2, the listed identificators' individual mean reputation and count are
reported in addition.
Identificators and additional data will only be added to the description on a message's initial scan.
Re-processing a previously already scanned message will not list the individual idenficators and
their respective reputation values used originally.
This option is disabled by default for now, due to potential formatting issues caused by the number
and length of additional description details.
ADMINISTRATOR SETTINGS
These settings differ from the ones above, in that they are considered 'more privileged' -- even more
than the ones in the PRIVILEGED SETTINGS section. No matter what "allow_user_rules" is set to, these can
never be set from a user's "user_prefs" file.
txrep_factory module
(default: Mail::SpamAssassin::DBBasedAddrList)
Select alternative database factory module for the TxRep database.
auto_welcomelist_path /path/filename
(default: ~/.spamassassin/tx-reputation)
Previously auto_whitelist_path which will work interchangeably until 4.1.
This is the TxRep directory and filename. By default, each user has their own reputation database in
their "~/.spamassassin" directory with mode 0700. For system-wide SpamAssassin use, you may want to
share this across all users.
auto_welcomelist_db_modules Module ...
(default: see below)
Previously auto_whitelist_db_modules which will work interchangeably until 4.1.
What database modules should be used for the TxRep storage database file. The first named module
that can be loaded from the Perl include path will be used. The format is:
PreferredModuleName SecondBest ThirdBest ...
ie. a space-separated list of Perl module names. The default is:
DB_File GDBM_File SDBM_File
NDBM_File is not supported (see SpamAssassin bug 4353).
auto_welcomelist_file_mode
(default: 0700)
Previously auto_whitelist_file_mode which will work interchangeably until 4.1.
The file mode bits used for the TxRep directory or file.
Make sure you specify this using the 'x' mode bits set, as it may also be used to create directories.
However, if a file is created, the resulting file will not have any execute bits set (the umask is
set to 0111).
user_awl_dsn DBI:databasetype:databasename:hostname:port
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
This will set the DSN used to connect. Example: "DBI:mysql:spamassassin:localhost"
user_awl_sql_username username
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
The authorized username to connect to the above DSN.
user_awl_sql_password password
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
The password for the database username, for the above DSN.
user_awl_sql_table tablename
(default: txrep)
Used by the SQLBasedAddrList storage implementation.
The table name where reputation is to be stored in, for the above DSN.
BLOCKLISTING / WELCOMELISTING
When asked by SpamAssassin to blocklist or welcomelist a user, the TxRep plugin adds a score of 100 (for
blocklisting) or -100 (for welcomelisting) to the given sender's email address. At a plain address
without any IP address, the value is multiplied by the ratio of total reputation weight to the EMAIL
reputation weight to account for the reduced impact of the standalone EMAIL reputation when calculating
the overall reputation.
total_weight = weight_email + weight_email_ip + weight_domain + weight_ip + weight_helo
blocklisted_reputation = 100 * total_weight / weight_email
When a standalone email address is blocklisted/welcomelisted, all records of the email address bound to
an IP address, DKIM signature, or a SPF pass will be removed from the database, and only the standalone
record is kept.
Besides blocklisting/welcomelisting of standalone email addresses, the same method may be used also for
blocklisting/welcomelisting of IP addresses, domain names, and HELO names (only dotless Netbios HELO
names can be used).
When welcomelisting/blocklisting an email address or domain name, you can bind them to a specified DKIM
signature or SPF record by appending the DKIM signing domain or the tag 'spf' after the ID in the
following way:
spamassassin --add-addr-to-blocklist=spamming.biz,spf
spamassassin --add-addr-to-welcomelist=friend@good.org,good.org
When a message contains both a DKIM signature and an SPF pass, the DKIM signature takes the priority, so
the record bound to the 'spf' tag won't be checked. Only email addresses and domains can be bound to DKIM
or SPF. Records of IP addresses and HELO names are always without DKIM/SPF.
In case of dual storage, the block/welcomelisting is performed only in the default storage.
REPUTATION LOGICS
1. The most significant sender identificator is equally as at AWL, the
combination of the email address and the originating IP address, resp.
its part defined by the IPv4 resp. IPv6 mask setting.
2. No IP checking for standalone EMAIL address reputation
3. No signature checking for IP reputation, and for HELO name reputation
4. The EMAIL_IP weight, and not the standalone EMAIL weight is used when
no IP address is available (EMAIL_IP is the main indicator, and has
the highest weight)
5. No IP checking at signed emails (signature authenticates the email
instead of the IP address)
6. No IP checking at SPF pass (we assume the domain owner is responsible
for all IP's he authorizes to send from, hence we use the same identity
for all of them)
7. No signature used for standalone EMAIL reputation (would be redundant,
since no IP is used at signed EMAIL_IP reputation, and we would store
two identical hits)
8. When available, the DKIM signer is used instead of the domain name for
the DOMAIN reputation
9. No IP and no signature used for HELO reputation (despite the possibility
of the possible existence of multiple computers with the same HELO)
10. The full (unmasked IP) address is used (in the address field, instead the
IP field) for the standalone IP reputation
LEARNING SPAM / HAM
When SpamAssassin is told to learn (or relearn) a given message as spam or ham, all reputations relevant
to the message (email, email_ip, domain, ip, helo) in both global and user storages will be updated using
the "txrep_learn_penalty" respectively the "rxrep_learn_bonus" values. The new reputation of given sender
property (email, domain,...) will be the respective result of one of the following formulas:
new_reputation = old_reputation + learn_penalty
new_reputation = old_reputation - learn_bonus
The TxRep plugin currently does track each message individually, hence it does not detect when you learn
the message repeatedly. It will add/subtract the penalty/bonus score each time the message is fed to the
spam learner.
OPTIMIZING TXREP
TxRep can be optimized for speed and simplicity, or for the precision in assigning the reputation scores.
First of all TxRep can be quickly disabled and re-enabled through the option ""use_txrep"". It can be
done globally, or individually in each respective "user_prefs". Disabling TxRep will not destroy the
database, so it can be re-enabled any time later again.
On many systems, SQL-based storage may perform faster than the default Berkeley DB storage, so you should
consider setting it up.
Then there are multiple settings that can reduce the number of records stored in the database, hence
reducing the size of the storage, and also the processing time:
1. Setting ""txrep_user2global_ratio"" to zero will disable the dual storage, halving so the disk space
requirements, and the processing times of this plugin.
2. You can disable all but one of the "REPUTATION WEIGHTS". The EMAIL_IP is the most specific option, so
it is the most likely choice in such case, but you could base the reputation system on any of the
remaining scores. Each of the enabled reputations adds a new entry to the database for each new
identificator. So while for example the number of recorded and scored domains may be big, the number of
stored IP addresses will be probably higher, and would require more space in the storage.
3. Disabling the ""txrep_track_messages"" avoids storing a separate entry for every scanned message,
hence also reducing the disk space requirements, and the processing time.
4. Disabling the option ""txrep_autolearn"" will save the processing time at messages that trigger the
auto-learning process.
5. Disabling ""txrep_welcomelist_out"" will reduce the processing time at outbound connections.
6. Keeping the option ""auto_welcomelist_distinguish_signed"" enabled may help slightly reducing the size
of the database, because at signed messages, the originating IP address is ignored, hence no additional
database entries are needed for each separate IP address (resp. a masked block of IP addresses).
Since TxRep reuses the storage architecture of the former AWL plugin, for initializing the SQL storage,
the same instructions apply also to TxRep. Although the old AWL table can be reused for TxRep, by
default TxRep expects the SQL table to be named "txrep".
To install a new SQL table for TxRep, run the appropriate SQL file for your system under the /sql
directory.
If you get a syntax error at an older version of MySQL, use TYPE=MyISAM instead of ENGINE=MyISAM at the
end of the command. You can also use other types of ENGINE (depending on what is available on your
system). For example MEMORY engine stores the entire table in the server memory, achieving performance
similar to Redis. You would need to care about the replication of the RAM table to disk through a
cronjob, to avoid loss of data at reboot. The InnoDB engine is used by default, offering high
scalability (database size and concurrence of accesses). In conjunction with a high value of
innodb_buffer_pool or with the memcached plugin (MySQL v5.6+) it can also offer performance comparable to
Redis.