oracular (3) Perl::Version.3pm.gz
NAME
Perl::Version - Parse and manipulate Perl version strings
VERSION
This document describes Perl::Version version 1.016
SYNOPSIS
use Perl::Version;
# Init from string
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '1.2.3' );
# Stringification preserves original format
print "$version\n"; # prints '1.2.3'
# Normalised
print $version->normal, "\n"; # prints 'v1.2.3'
# Numified
print $version->numify, "\n"; # prints '1.002003'
# Explicitly stringified
print $version->stringify, "\n"; # prints '1.2.3'
# Increment the subversion (the third component)
$version->inc_subversion;
# Stringification returns the updated version formatted
# as the original was
print "$version\n"; # prints '1.2.4'
# Normalised
print $version->normal, "\n"; # prints 'v1.2.4'
# Numified
print $version->numify, "\n"; # prints '1.002004'
# Refer to subversion component by position ( zero based )
$version->increment( 2 );
print "$version\n"; # prints '1.2.5'
# Increment the version (second component) which sets all
# components to the right of it to zero.
$version->inc_version;
print "$version\n"; # prints '1.3.0'
# Increment the revision (main version number)
$version->inc_revision;
print "$version\n"; # prints '2.0.0'
# Increment the alpha number
$version->inc_alpha;
print "$version\n"; # prints '2.0.0_001'
DESCRIPTION
Perl::Version provides a simple interface for parsing, manipulating and formatting Perl version strings.
Unlike version.pm (which concentrates on parsing and comparing version strings) Perl::Version is designed
for cases where you'd like to parse a version, modify it and get back the modified version formatted like
the original.
For example:
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '1.2.3' );
$version->inc_version;
print "$version\n";
prints
1.3.0
whereas
my $version = Perl::Version->new( 'v1.02.03' );
$version->inc_version;
print "$version\n";
prints
v1.03.00
Both are representations of the same version and they'd compare equal but their formatting is different.
Perl::Version tries hard to guess and recreate the format of the original version and in most cases it
succeeds. In rare cases the formatting is ambiguous. Consider
1.10.03
Do you suppose that second component '10' is zero padded like the third component? Perl::Version will
assume that it is:
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '1.10.03' );
$version->inc_revision;
print "$version\n";
will print
2.00.00
If all of the components after the first are the same length (two characters in this case) and any of
them begins with a zero Perl::Version will assume that they're all zero padded to the same length.
The first component and any alpha suffix are handled separately. In each case if either of them starts
with a zero they will be zero padded to the same length when stringifying the version.
Version Formats
Perl::Version supports a few different version string formats.
1, 1.2
Versions that look like a number. If you pass a numeric value its string equivalent will be parsed:
my $version = Perl::Version->new( 1.2 );
print "$version\n";
prints
1.2
In fact there is no special treatment for versions that resemble decimal numbers. This is worthy of
comment only because it differs from version.pm which treats actual numbers used as versions as a
special case and performs various transformations on the stored version.
1.2.3, 1.2.3.4
Simple versions with three or more components.
v1.2.3
Versions with a leading 'v'.
5.8, 5.08, 5.008006
Fielded numeric versions. If a version string has a single decimal point, it extracts digits in
groups of three after the decimal point. If there are fewer than three digits in the final group,
the field is left-padded with zeros to make it three digits (for example, 5.8 becomes 5.008 and 5.08
becomes 5.008 too). This is opposite of how Perl and CPAN has historically treated versions by right
padding groups of three on.
For example
my $version = Perl::Version->new( 1.002003004005006 );
print $version->normal;
prints
v1.2.3.4.5.6
vstring
Perls later than 5.8.1 support vstring format. A vstring looks like a number with more than one
decimal point and (optionally) a leading 'v'. The 'v' is mandatory for vstrings containing fewer than
two decimal points.
Perl::Version will successfully parse vstrings
my $version = Perl::Version->new( v1.2 );
print "$version\n";
prints
v1.2
Note that stringifying a Perl::Version constructed from a vstring will result in a regular string.
Because it has no way of knowing whether the vstring constant had a 'v' prefix it always generates
one when stringifying back to a version string.
CVS version
A common idiom for users of CVS is to use keyword replacement to generate a version automatically
like this:
$VERSION = version->new( qw$Revision: 2.7 $ );
Perl::Version does the right thing with such versions so that
my $version = Perl::Version->new( qw$Revision: 2.7 $ );
$version->inc_revision;
print "$version\n";
prints
Revision: 3.0
Real Numbers
Real numbers are stringified before parsing. This has two implications: trailing zeros after the decimal
point will be lost and any underscore characters in the number are discarded.
Perl allows underscores anywhere in numeric constants as an aid to formatting. These are discarded when
Perl converts the number into its internal format. This means that
# Numeric version
print Perl::Version->new( 1.001_001 )->stringify;
prints
1.001001
but
# String version
print Perl::Version->new( '1.001_001' )->stringify;
prints
1.001_001
as expected.
In general you should probably avoid versions expressed either as decimal numbers or vstrings. The safest
option is to pass a regular string to Perl::Version->new().
Alpha Versions
By convention if a version string has suffix that consists of an underscore followed by one or more
digits it represents an alpha or developer release. CPAN treats modules with such version strings
specially to reflect their alpha status.
This alpha notation is one reason why using decimal numbers as versions is a bad idea. Underscore is a
valid character in numeric constants which is discarded by Perl when a program's source is parsed so any
intended alpha suffix will become part of the version number.
To be considered alpha a version must have a non-zero alpha component like this
3.0.4_001
Generally the alpha component will be formatted with leading zeros but this is not a requirement.
Component Naming
A version number consists of a series of components. By Perl convention the first three components are
named 'revision', 'version' and 'subversion':
$ perl -V
Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 8 subversion 6) configuration:
(etc)
Perl::Version follows that convention. Any component may be accessed by passing a number from 0 to N-1 to
the component or increment but for convenience the first three components are aliased as revision,
version and subversion.
$version->increment( 0 );
is the same as
$version->inc_revision;
and
my $subv = $version->subversion;
is the same as
my $subv = $version->component( 2 );
The alpha component is named 'alpha'.
Comparison with version.pm
If you're familiar with version.pm you'll notice that there's a certain amount of overlap between what it
does and this module. I originally created this module as a mutable subclass of version.pm but the
requirement to be able to reformat a modified version to match the formatting of the original didn't sit
well with version.pm's internals.
As a result this module is not dependent or based on version.pm.
INTERFACE
"new"
Create a new Perl::Version by parsing a version string. As discussed above a number of different
version formats are supported. Along with the value of the version formatting information is captured
so that the version can be modified and the updated value retrieved in the same format as the
original.
my @version = (
'1.3.0', 'v1.03.00', '1.10.03', '2.00.00',
'1.2', 'v1.2.3.4.5.6', 'v1.2', 'Revision: 3.0',
'1.001001', '1.001_001', '3.0.4_001',
);
for my $v ( @version ) {
my $version = Perl::Version->new( $v );
$version->inc_version;
print "$version\n";
}
prints
1.4.0
v1.04.00
1.11.00
2.01.00
1.3
v1.3.0.0.0.0
v1.3
Revision: 3.1
1.002000
1.002
3.1.0
In each case the incremented version is formatted in the same way as the original.
If no arguments are passed an empty version intialised to 'v0' will be constructed.
In order to support CVS version syntax
my $version = Perl::Version->new( qw$Revision: 2.7 $ );
"new" may be passed an array in which case it concatenates all of its arguments with spaces before
parsing the result.
If the string can't be parsed as a version "new" will croak with a suitable error. See DIAGNOSTICS
for more information.
Accessors
"component"
Set or get one of the components of a version.
# Set the subversion
$version->component( 2, 17 );
# Get the revision
my $rev = $version->component( 0 );
Instead of a component number you may pass a name: 'revision', 'version', 'subversion' or 'alpha':
my $rev = $version->component( 'revision' );
"components"
Get or set all of the components of a version.
# Set the number of components
$version->components( 4 );
# Get the number of components
my $parts = $version->components;
# Get the individual components as an array
my @parts = $version->components;
# Set the components from an array
$version->components( [ 5, 9, 2 ] );
Hmm. That's a lot of interface for one subroutine. Sorry about that.
"revision"
Alias for component( 0 ). Gets or sets the revision component.
"version"
Alias for component( 1 ). Gets or sets the version component.
"subversion"
Alias for component( 2 ). Gets or sets the subversion component.
"alpha"
Get or set the alpha component of a version. Returns 0 for versions with no alpha.
# Set alpha
$version->alpha( 12 );
# Get alpha
my $alp = $version->alpha;
"is_alpha"
Return true if a version has a non-zero alpha component.
"set"
Set the version to match another version preserving the formatting of this version.
$version->set( $other_version );
You may also set the version from a literal string:
$version->set( '1.2.3' );
The version will be updated to the value of the version string but will retain its current
formatting.
Incrementing
"increment"
Increment a component of a version.
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '3.1.4' );
$version->increment( 1 );
print "$version\n";
prints
3.2.0
Components to the right of the incremented component will be set to zero as will any alpha component.
As an alternative to passing a component number one of the predefined component names 'revision',
'version', 'subversion' or 'alpha' may be passed.
"inc_alpha"
Increment a version's alpha component.
"inc_revision"
Increment a version's revision component.
"inc_subversion"
Increment a version's subversion component.
"inc_version"
Increment a version's version component.
Formatting
"normal"
Return a normalised representation of a version.
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '5.008007_01' );
print $version->normal, "\n";
prints
v5.8.7_01
"numify"
Return a numeric representation of a version. The numeric form is most frequently used for versions
of Perl itself.
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '5.8.7_1' );
print $version->numify, "\n";
prints
5.008007_001
"stringify"
Return the version formatted as closely as possible to the version from which it was initialised.
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '5.008007_01' );
$version->inc_alpha;
print $version->stringify, "\n";
prints
5.008007_02
and
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '5.8.7_1' );
$version->inc_alpha;
print $version->stringify, "\n";
prints
5.8.7_2
Comparison
"vcmp"
Perform 'spaceship' comparison between two version and return -1, 0 or 1 depending on their ordering.
Comparisons are semantically correct so that
my $v1 = Perl::Version->new( '1.002001' );
my $v2 = Perl::Version->new( '1.1.3' );
print ($v1->vcmp( $v2 ) > 0 ? 'yes' : 'no'), "\n";
prints
yes
Overloaded Operators
"<=>" and "cmp"
The "<=>" and "cmp" operators are overloaded (by the vcmp method) so that comparisons between
versions work as expected. This means that the other numeric and string comparison operators also
work as expected.
my $v1 = Perl::Version->new( '1.002001' );
my $v2 = Perl::Version->new( '1.1.3' );
print "OK!\n" if $v1 > $v2;
prints
OK!
"" (stringification)
Perl::Version objects are converted to strings by calling the stringify method. This usually results
in formatting close to that of the original version string.
Constants
"REGEX"
An unanchored regular expression that matches any of the version formats supported by Perl::Version.
Three captures get the prefix part, the main body of the version and any alpha suffix respectively.
my $version = 'v1.2.3.4_5';
my ($prefix, $main, $suffix) = ($version =~ Perl::Version::REGEX);
print "$prefix\n$main\n$suffix\n";
prints
v
1.2.3.4
_5
"MATCH"
An anchored regular expression that matches a correctly formatted version string. Five captures get
any leading whitespace, the prefix part, the main body of the version, any alpha suffix and any
trailing spaces respectively.
my $version = ' v1.2.3.4_5 ';
my ($before, $prefix, $main, $suffix, $after)
= ($version =~ Perl::Version::MATCH);
print "|$before|$prefix|$main|$suffix|$after|\n";
prints
| |v|1.2.3.4|_5| |
DIAGNOSTICS
Error messages
"Illegal version string: %s"
The version string supplied to "new" can't be parsed as a valid version. Valid versions match this
regex:
qr/ ( (?i: Revision: \s+ ) | v | )
( \d+ (?: [.] \d+)* )
( (?: _ \d+ )? ) /x;
"new must be called as a class or object method"
"new" can't be called as a normal subroutine. Use
$version_object->new( '1.2.3' );
or
Perl::Version->new( '1.2.3' );
instead of
Perl::Version::new( '1.2.3' );
"Unknown component name: %s"
You've attempted to access a component by name using a name that isn't recognised. Valid component
names are 'revision', 'version', 'subversion' and 'alpha'. Case is not significant.
"Can't compare with %s"
You've tried to compare a Perl::Version with something other than a version string, a number or
another Perl::Version.
"Can't set the number of components to 0"
Versions must have at least one component.
"You must specify a component number"
You've called component or increment without specifying the number (or name) of the component to
access.
"Component %s is out of range 0..%s"
You've attempted to increment a component of a version but you've specified a component that doesn't
exist within the version:
# Fails
my $version = Perl::Version->new( '1.4' );
$version->increment( 2 );
Slightly confusingly you'll see this message even if you specified the component number implicitly by
using one of the named convenience accessors.
CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT
Perl::Version requires no configuration files or environment variables.
DEPENDENCIES
No non-core modules.
INCOMPATIBILITIES
None reported.
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Please report any bugs or feature requests to the GitHub issues queue:
https://github.com/briandfoy/perl-version/issues
AUTHOR
This module is currently maintained by brian d foy "<briandfoy@pobox.com>". Andy Armstrong "<andy@hexten.net>" Hans Dieter Pearcey "<hdp@cpan.org>"
LICENCE AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2007-2021, Andy Armstrong "<andy@hexten.net>". All rights reserved. This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. See perlartistic.
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