oracular (3) Plack::Middleware::CrossOrigin.3pm.gz
NAME
Plack::Middleware::CrossOrigin - Adds headers to allow Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
SYNOPSIS
# Allow any WebDAV or standard HTTP request from any location.
builder {
enable 'CrossOrigin', origins => '*';
$app;
};
# Allow GET and POST requests from any location, cache results for 30 days.
builder {
enable 'CrossOrigin',
origins => '*', methods => ['GET', 'POST'], max_age => 60*60*24*30;
$app;
};
DESCRIPTION
Adds Cross Origin Request Sharing headers used by modern browsers to allow "XMLHttpRequest" to work
across domains. This module will also help protect against CSRF attacks in some browsers.
This module attempts to fully conform to the CORS spec, while allowing additional flexibility in the
values specified for the of the headers.
The module also ensures that the response contains a "Vary: Origin" header to avoid potential issues with
caches.
CORS REQUESTS IN BRIEF
There are two types of CORS requests. Simple requests, and preflighted requests.
Simple Requests
A simple request is one that could be generated by a standard HTML form. Either a "GET" or "POST"
request, with no additional headers. For these requests, the server processes the request as normal, and
attaches the correct CORS headers in the response. The browser then decides based on those headers
whether to allow the client script access to the response.
Preflighted Requests
If additional headers are specified, or a method other than "GET" or "POST" is used, the request must be
preflighted. This means that the browser will first send a special request to the server to check if
access is allowed. If the server allows it by responding with the correct headers, the actual request is
then performed.
CSRF Protection
Some browsers will also provide same headers with cross domain "POST" requests from HTML forms. These
requests will also be checked against the allowed origins and rejected before they reach the rest of your
Plack application.
CONFIGURATION
origins A list of allowed origins. Origins should be formatted as a URL scheme and host, with no path
information. ("http://www.example.com") '"*"' can be specified to allow access from any location.
Wildcards ("*") can also be included in in the host to match any part of a host name (e.g.
"https://*.example.com"). At least one origin must bust be specified for this middleware to have
any effect. This will be matched against the "Origin" request header, and will control the
"Access-Control-Allow-Origin" response header. If the origin does not match, the request is
aborted.
headers A list of allowed request headers. '"*"' can be specified to allow any headers. Controls the
"Access-Control-Allow-Headers" response header. Includes a set of headers by default to simplify
working with WebDAV and AJAX frameworks:
• "Cache-Control"
• "Depth"
• "If-Modified-Since"
• "User-Agent"
• "X-File-Name"
• "X-File-Size"
• "X-Prototype-Version"
• "X-Requested-With"
methods A list of allowed methods. '"*"' can be specified to allow any methods. Controls the
"Access-Control-Allow-Methods" response header. Defaults to all of the standard HTTP and WebDAV
methods.
max_age The max length in seconds to cache the response data for. Controls the "Access-Control-Max-Age"
response header. If not specified, the web browser will decide how long to use.
expose_headers
A list of allowed headers to expose to the client. '"*"' can be specified to allow the browser to
see all of the response headers. Controls the "Access-Control-Expose-Headers" response header.
credentials
Whether the resource will be allowed with user credentials (cookies, HTTP authentication, and
client-side SSL certificates) supplied. Controls the "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials" response
header.
continue_on_failure
Normally, simple requests with an Origin that hasn't been allowed will be stopped before they
continue to the main app. If this option is set, the request will be allowed to continue, but no
CORS headers will be added to the response. This matches how non-allowed requests would be
handled if this module was not used at all.
This disables the CSRF protection and is not recommended. It could be needed for applications
that need to allow cross-origin HTML form "POST"s without whitelisting domains.
BROWSER SUPPORT
Different browsers have different levels of support for CORS headers.
Gecko (Firefox, Seamonkey)
Initially supported in Gecko 1.9.1 (Firefox 3.5). Supports the complete CORS spec for
"XMLHttpRequest"s.
Does not yet provide the "Origin" header for CSRF protection (Bugzilla #446344
<https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=446344>).
WebKit (Safari, Google Chrome)
Initially supported in Safari 4 and Chrome 3. Supports the complete CORS spec.
The "expose_headers" feature has been supported since WebKit v535.18 (Safari 6, Chrome 18).
Preflighted requests were buggy prior to WebKit v534.19 (Safari 5.1, Chrome 11), but this module
uses a workaround where possible (using the "Referer" header).
Also provides the "Origin" header for CSRF protection starting with WebKit v528.5 (Chrome 2,
Safari 4).
Internet Explorer
Initially supported in IE8. Not supported with the standard "XMLHttpRequest" object. A separate
object, "XDomainRequest", must be used. Only "GET" and "POST" methods are allowed. No extra
headers can be added to the request. Neither the status code or any headers aside from
"Content-Type" can be retrieved from the response.
IE10 supports CORS via the standard "XMLHttpRequest" object.
Opera Opera and Opera Mobile support CORS since version 12.
SEE ALSO
CORS Resources
• W3C Spec for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing <http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/>
• W3C Spec for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing - Implementation Considerations
<http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/#resource-implementation>
• Mozilla Developer Center - HTTP Access Control <https://developer.mozilla.org/En/HTTP_access_control>
• Mozilla Developer Center - Server-Side Access Control <https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Server-
Side_Access_Control>
• Cross browser examples of using CORS requests <http://www.nczonline.net/blog/2010/05/25/cross-domain-
ajax-with-cross-origin-resource-sharing/>
• MSDN - XDomainRequest Object <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288060%28v=vs.85%29.aspx>
• XDomainRequest - Restrictions, Limitations and Workarounds
<http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/05/13/xdomainrequest-restrictions-limitations-and-
workarounds.aspx>
• Wikipedia - Cross-Origin Resource Sharing <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-
Origin_Resource_Sharing>
• CORS advocacy <http://enable-cors.org/>
CSRF Resources
• Wikipedia - Cross-site request forgery <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery>
• Stanford Web Security Research - Cross-Site Request Forgery <http://seclab.stanford.edu/websec/csrf/>
• WebKit Bugzilla - Add origin header to POST requests <https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20792>
• Mozilla Bugzilla - Implement Origin header CSRF mitigation
<https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=446344>
Related Technologies
• Cross-domain policy file for Flash
<http://www.adobe.com/devnet/articles/crossdomain_policy_file_spec.html>
• Wikipedia - JSONP <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP>
AUTHOR
Graham Knop <haarg@haarg.org>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Graham Knop.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5
programming language system itself.
AUTHOR
haarg - Graham Knop (cpan:HAARG) <haarg@haarg.org> CONTRIBUTORS None so far.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2011 the Plack::Middleware::CrossOrigin "AUTHOR" and "CONTRIBUTORS" as listed above.
LICENSE
This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms as perl itself.