Provided by: udev_256.4-2ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       udevadm - udev management tool

SYNOPSIS

       udevadm [--debug] [--version] [--help]

       udevadm info [options] [devpath]

       udevadm trigger [options] [devpath]

       udevadm settle [options]

       udevadm control option

       udevadm monitor [options]

       udevadm test [options] devpath

       udevadm test-builtin [options] command devpath

       udevadm verify [options...] [file...]

       udevadm wait [options] device|syspath

       udevadm lock [options] command

DESCRIPTION

       udevadm expects a command and command specific options. It controls the runtime behavior
       of systemd-udevd, requests kernel events, manages the event queue, and provides simple
       debugging mechanisms.

OPTIONS

       -d, --debug
           Print debug messages to standard error. This option is implied in udevadm test and
           udevadm test-builtin commands.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm info [options] [devpath|file|unit]
       Query the udev database for device information.

       Positional arguments should be used to specify one or more devices. Each one may be a
       device name (in which case it must start with /dev/), a sys path (in which case it must
       start with /sys/), or a systemd device unit name (in which case it must end with
       ".device", see systemd.device(5)).

       -q, --query=TYPE
           Query the database for the specified type of device data. Valid TYPEs are: name,
           symlink, path, property, all.

       --property=NAME
           When showing device properties using the --query=property option, limit display to
           properties specified in the argument. The argument should be a comma-separated list of
           property names. If not specified, all known properties are shown.

           Added in version 250.

       --value
           When showing device properties using the --query=property option, print only their
           values, and skip the property name and "=".

           Cannot be used together with -x/--export or -P/--export-prefix.

           Added in version 250.

       -p, --path=DEVPATH
           The /sys/ path of the device to query, e.g.  [/sys/]/class/block/sda. This option is
           an alternative to the positional argument with a /sys/ prefix.  udevadm info
           --path=/class/block/sda is equivalent to udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda.

       -n, --name=FILE
           The name of the device node or a symlink to query, e.g.  [/dev/]/sda. This option is
           an alternative to the positional argument with a /dev/ prefix.  udevadm info
           --name=sda is equivalent to udevadm info /dev/sda.

       -r, --root
           Print absolute paths in name or symlink query.

       -a, --attribute-walk
           Print all sysfs properties of the specified device that can be used in udev rules to
           match the specified device. It prints all devices along the chain, up to the root of
           sysfs that can be used in udev rules.

       -t, --tree
           Display a sysfs tree. This recursively iterates through the sysfs hierarchy and
           displays it in a tree structure. If a path is specified only the subtree below and its
           parent directories are shown. This will show both device and subsystem items.

           Added in version 251.

       -x, --export
           Print output as key/value pairs. Values are enclosed in single quotes. This takes
           effects only when --query=property or --device-id-of-file=FILE is specified.

       -P, --export-prefix=NAME
           Add a prefix to the key name of exported values. This implies --export.

       -d, --device-id-of-file=FILE
           Print major/minor numbers of the underlying device, where the file lives on. If this
           is specified, all positional arguments are ignored.

       -e, --export-db
           Export the content of the udev database.

       -c, --cleanup-db
           Cleanup the udev database.

       -w[SECONDS], --wait-for-initialization[=SECONDS]
           Wait for device to be initialized. If argument SECONDS is not specified, the default
           is to wait forever.

           Added in version 243.

       --subsystem-match[=SUBSYSTEM], --subsystem-nomatch[=SUBSYSTEM]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices of or not of the given subsystem
           respectively.

           Added in version 255.

       --attr-match[=FILE[=VALUE]], --attr-nomatch[=FILE[=VALUE]]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices matching or not matching the given
           attribute respectively.

           Added in version 255.

       --property-match[=KEY=VALUE]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices matching the given property and value.

           Added in version 255.

       --tag-match[=TAG]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given tag.

           Added in version 255.

       --sysname-match[=NAME]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given "/sys" path.

           Added in version 255.

       --name-match[=NAME]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given name in "/dev".

           Added in version 255.

       --parent-match[=NAME]
           When used with --export-db, only show devices with the given parent device.

           Added in version 255.

       --initialized-match, --initialized-nomatch
           When used with --export-db, only show devices that are initialized or not initialized
           respectively.

           Added in version 255.

       --json=MODE
           Shows output formatted as JSON. Expects one of "short" (for the shortest possible
           output without any redundant whitespace or line breaks), "pretty" (for a pretty
           version of the same, with indentation and line breaks) or "off" (to turn off JSON
           output, the default).

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

       --no-pager
           Do not pipe output into a pager.

       The generated output shows the current device database entry in a terse format. Each line
       shown is prefixed with one of the following characters:

       Table 1. udevadm info output prefixes
       ┌───────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
       │PrefixMeaning                          │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"P:"   │ Device path in /sys/             │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"M:"   │ Device name in /sys/ (i.e. the   │
       │       │ last component of "P:")          │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"R:"   │ Device number in /sys/ (i.e. the │
       │       │ numeric suffix of the last       │
       │       │ component of "P:")               │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"U:"   │ Kernel subsystem                 │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"T:"   │ Kernel device type within        │
       │       │ subsystem                        │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"D:"   │ Kernel device node major/minor   │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"I:"   │ Network interface index          │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"N:"   │ Kernel device node name          │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"L:"   │ Device node symlink priority     │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"S:"   │ Device node symlink              │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"Q:"   │ Block device sequence number     │
       │       │ (DISKSEQ)                        │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"V:"   │ Attached driver                  │
       ├───────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
       │"E:"   │ Device property                  │
       └───────┴──────────────────────────────────┘

   udevadm trigger [options] [devpath|file|unit]
       Request device events from the kernel. Primarily used to replay events at system coldplug
       time.

       Takes device specifications as positional arguments. See the description of info above.

       -v, --verbose
           Print the list of devices which will be triggered.

       -n, --dry-run
           Do not actually trigger the event.

       -q, --quiet
           Suppress error logging in triggering events.

           Added in version 248.

       -t, --type=TYPE
           Trigger a specific type of devices. Valid types are "all", "devices", and
           "subsystems". The default value is "devices".

       -c, --action=ACTION
           Type of event to be triggered. Possible actions are "add", "remove", "change", "move",
           "online", "offline", "bind", and "unbind". Also, the special value "help" can be used
           to list the possible actions. The default value is "change".

       --prioritized-subsystem=SUBSYSTEM[,SUBSYSTEM...]
           Takes a comma separated list of subsystems. When triggering events for devices, the
           devices from the specified subsystems and their parents are triggered first. For
           example, if --prioritized-subsystem=block,net, then firstly all block devices and
           their parents are triggered, in the next all network devices and their parents are
           triggered, and lastly the other devices are triggered. This option can be specified
           multiple times, and in that case the lists of the subsystems will be merged. That is,
           --prioritized-subsystem=block --prioritized-subsystem=net is equivalent to
           --prioritized-subsystem=block,net.

           Added in version 251.

       -s, --subsystem-match=SUBSYSTEM
           Trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option supports
           shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each
           matching result is ORed, that is, all the devices in each subsystem are triggered.

       -S, --subsystem-nomatch=SUBSYSTEM
           Do not trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option
           supports shell style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once,
           then each matching result is ANDed, that is, devices which do not match all specified
           subsystems are triggered.

       -a, --attr-match=ATTRIBUTE=VALUE
           Trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is specified
           along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched against the
           given value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified, the
           existence of the sysfs attribute is checked. When this option is specified multiple
           times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, only devices which have all
           specified attributes are triggered.

       -A, --attr-nomatch=ATTRIBUTE=VALUE
           Do not trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is
           specified along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched
           against the given value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified,
           the existence of the sysfs attribute is checked. When this option is specified
           multiple times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, only devices which have
           none of the specified attributes are triggered.

       -p, --property-match=PROPERTY=VALUE
           Trigger events for devices with a matching property value. This option supports shell
           style pattern matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each
           matching result is ORed, that is, devices which have one of the specified properties
           are triggered.

       -g, --tag-match=TAG
           Trigger events for devices with a matching tag. When this option is specified multiple
           times, then each matching result is ANDed, that is, devices which have all specified
           tags are triggered.

       -y, --sysname-match=NAME
           Trigger events for devices for which the last component (i.e. the filename) of the
           /sys/ path matches the specified PATH. This option supports shell style pattern
           matching. When this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is
           ORed, that is, all devices which have any of the specified NAME are triggered.

       --name-match=NAME
           Trigger events for devices with a matching device path. When this option is specified
           more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all specified devices are
           triggered.

           Added in version 218.

       -b, --parent-match=SYSPATH
           Trigger events for all children of a given device. When this option is specified more
           than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is, all children of each specified
           device are triggered.

       --initialized-match, --initialized-nomatch
           When --initialized-match is specified, trigger events for devices that are already
           initialized by systemd-udevd, and skip devices that are not initialized yet.

           When --initialized-nomatch is specified, trigger events for devices that are not
           initialized by systemd-udevd yet, and skip devices that are already initialized.

           Typically, it is essential that applications which intend to use such a match, make
           sure a suitable udev rule is installed that sets at least one property on devices that
           shall be matched. See also Initialized Devices section below for more details.

               Warning
               --initialized-nomatch can potentially save a significant amount of time compared
               to re-triggering all devices in the system and e.g. can be used to optimize boot
               time. However, this is not safe to be used in a boot sequence in general.
               Especially, when udev rules for a device depend on its parent devices (e.g.
               "ATTRS" or "IMPORT{parent}" keys, see udev(7) for more details), the final state
               of the device becomes easily unstable with this option.
           Added in version 251.

       -w, --settle
           Apart from triggering events, also waits for those events to finish. Note that this is
           different from calling udevadm settle.  udevadm settle waits for all events to finish.
           This option only waits for events triggered by the same command to finish.

           Added in version 238.

       --uuid
           Trigger the synthetic device events, and associate a randomized UUID with each. These
           UUIDs are printed to standard output, one line for each event. These UUIDs are
           included in the uevent environment block (in the "SYNTH_UUID=" property) and may be
           used to track delivery of the generated events.

           Added in version 249.

       --wait-daemon[=SECONDS]
           Before triggering uevents, wait for systemd-udevd daemon to be initialized. Optionally
           takes timeout value. Default timeout is 5 seconds. This is equivalent to invoking
           udevadm control --ping before udevadm trigger.

           Added in version 241.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

       In addition, optional positional arguments can be used to specify device names or sys
       paths. They must start with /dev/ or /sys/ respectively.

   udevadm settle [options]
       Watches the udev event queue, and exits if all current events are handled.

       -t, --timeout=SECONDS
           Maximum number of seconds to wait for the event queue to become empty. The default
           value is 120 seconds. A value of 0 will check if the queue is empty and always return
           immediately. A non-zero value will return an exit code of 0 if queue became empty
           before timeout was reached, non-zero otherwise.

       -E, --exit-if-exists=FILE
           Stop waiting if file exists.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

       See systemd-udev-settle.service(8) for more information.

   udevadm control option
       Modify the internal state of the running udev daemon.

       -e, --exit
           Signal and wait for systemd-udevd to exit. No option except for --timeout can be
           specified after this option. Note that systemd-udevd.service contains Restart=always
           and so as a result, this option restarts systemd-udevd. If you want to stop
           systemd-udevd.service, please use the following:

               systemctl stop systemd-udevd-control.socket systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service

       -l, --log-level=value
           Set the internal log level of systemd-udevd. Valid values are the numerical syslog
           priorities or their textual representations: emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice,
           info, and debug.

       -s, --stop-exec-queue
           Signal systemd-udevd to stop executing new events. Incoming events will be queued.

       -S, --start-exec-queue
           Signal systemd-udevd to enable the execution of events.

       -R, --reload
           Signal systemd-udevd to reload the rules files and other databases like the kernel
           module index. Reloading rules and databases does not apply any changes to already
           existing devices; the new configuration will only be applied to new events.

       -p, --property=KEY=value
           Set a global property for all events.

       -m, --children-max=value
           Set the maximum number of events, systemd-udevd will handle at the same time. When 0
           is specified, then the maximum is determined based on the system resources.

       --ping
           Send a ping message to systemd-udevd and wait for the reply. This may be useful to
           check that systemd-udevd daemon is running.

           Added in version 241.

       -t, --timeout=seconds
           The maximum number of seconds to wait for a reply from systemd-udevd.

       --load-credentials
           When specified, the following credentials are used when passed in:

           udev.conf.*
               These credentials should contain valid udev.conf(5) configuration data. From each
               matching credential a separate file is created. Example: a passed credential
               udev.conf.50-foobar will be copied into a configuration file
               /run/udev/udev.conf.d/50-foobar.conf.

               Added in version 256.

           udev.rules.*
               These credentials should contain valid udev(7) rules. From each matching
               credential a separate file is created. Example: a passed credential
               udev.rules.50-foobar will be copied into a configuration file
               /run/udev/rules.d/50-foobar.rules.

               Added in version 256.

           Note, this does not imply --reload option. So, if systemd-udevd is already running,
           please consider to also specify -reload to make the copied udev rules files used by
           systemd-udevd.

           Added in version 256.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm monitor [options]
       Listens to the kernel uevents and events sent out by a udev rule and prints the devpath of
       the event to the console. It can be used to analyze the event timing, by comparing the
       timestamps of the kernel uevent and the udev event.

       -k, --kernel
           Print the kernel uevents.

       -u, --udev
           Print the udev event after the rule processing.

       -p, --property
           Also print the properties of the event.

       -s, --subsystem-match=string[/string]
           Filter kernel uevents and udev events by subsystem[/devtype]. Only events with a
           matching subsystem value will pass. When this option is specified more than once, then
           each matching result is ORed, that is, all devices in the specified subsystems are
           monitored.

       -t, --tag-match=string
           Filter udev events by tag. Only udev events with a given tag attached will pass. When
           this option is specified more than once, then each matching result is ORed, that is,
           devices which have one of the specified tags are monitored.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm test [options] [devpath|file|unit]
       Simulate a udev event run for the given device, and print debug output.

       -a, --action=ACTION
           Type of event to be simulated. Possible actions are "add", "remove", "change", "move",
           "online", "offline", "bind", and "unbind". Also, the special value "help" can be used
           to list the possible actions. The default value is "add".

       -N, --resolve-names=early|late|never
           Specify when udevadm should resolve names of users and groups. When set to early (the
           default), names will be resolved when the rules are parsed. When set to late, names
           will be resolved for every event. When set to never, names will never be resolved and
           all devices will be owned by root.

           Added in version 209.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm test-builtin [options] command [devpath|file|unit]
       Run a built-in command COMMAND for device DEVPATH, and print debug output.

       -a, --action=ACTION
           Type of event to be simulated. Possible actions are "add", "remove", "change", "move",
           "online", "offline", "bind", and "unbind". Also, the special value "help" can be used
           to list the possible actions. The default value is "add".

           Added in version 250.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

       --version
           Print a short version string and exit.

   udevadm verify [options] [file] ...
       Verify syntactic, semantic, and stylistic correctness of udev rules files.

       Positional arguments could be used to specify one or more files to check. If no files are
       specified, the udev rules are read from the files located in the same udev/rules.d
       directories that are processed by the udev daemon.

       The exit status is 0 if all specified udev rules files are syntactically, semantically,
       and stylistically correct, and a non-zero error code otherwise.

       -N, --resolve-names=early|never
           Specify when udevadm should resolve names of users and groups. When set to early (the
           default), names will be resolved when the rules are parsed. When set to never, names
           will never be resolved.

           Added in version 254.

       --root=PATH
           When looking for udev rules files located in udev/rules.d directories, operate on
           files underneath the specified root path PATH.

           Added in version 254.

       --no-summary
           Do not show summary.

           Added in version 254.

       --no-style
           Ignore style issues. When specified, even if style issues are found in udev rules
           files, the exit status is 0 if no syntactic or semantic errors are found.

           Added in version 254.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm wait [options] [device|syspath] ...
       Wait for devices or device symlinks being created and initialized by systemd-udevd. Each
       device path must start with "/dev/" or "/sys/", e.g.  "/dev/sda",
       "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:3c:00.0-nvme-1-part1",
       "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.6/net/eth0", or "/sys/class/net/eth0". This can take
       multiple devices. This may be useful for waiting for devices being processed by
       systemd-udevd after e.g. partitioning or formatting the devices.

       -t, --timeout=SECONDS
           Maximum number of seconds to wait for the specified devices or device symlinks being
           created, initialized, or removed. The default value is "infinity".

           Added in version 251.

       --initialized=BOOL
           Check if systemd-udevd initialized devices. Defaults to true. When false, the command
           only checks if the specified devices exist. Set false to this setting if there is no
           udev rules for the specified devices, as the devices will never be considered as
           initialized in that case. See Initialized Devices section below for more details.

           Added in version 251.

       --removed
           When specified, the command wait for devices being removed instead of created or
           initialized. If this is specified, --initialized= will be ignored.

           Added in version 251.

       --settle
           When specified, also watches the udev event queue, and wait for all queued events
           being processed by systemd-udevd.

           Added in version 251.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

   udevadm lock [options] [command] ...
       udevadm lock takes an (advisory) exclusive lock on a block device (or all specified
       devices), as per Locking Block Device Access[1] and invokes a program with the locks
       taken. When the invoked program exits the locks are automatically released and its return
       value is propagated as exit code of udevadm lock.

       This tool is in particular useful to ensure that systemd-udevd.service(8) does not probe a
       block device while changes are made to it, for example partitions created or file systems
       formatted. Note that many tools that interface with block devices natively support taking
       relevant locks, see for example sfdisk(8)'s --lock switch.

       The command expects at least one block device specified via --device= or --backing=, and a
       command line to execute as arguments.

       --device=DEVICE, -d DEVICE
           Takes a path to a device node of the device to lock. This switch may be used multiple
           times (and in combination with --backing=) in order to lock multiple devices. If a
           partition block device node is specified the containing "whole" block device is
           automatically determined and used for the lock, as per the specification. If multiple
           devices are specified, they are deduplicated, sorted by the major/minor of their
           device nodes and then locked in order.

           This switch must be used at least once, to specify at least one device to lock.
           (Alternatively, use --backing=, see below.)

           Added in version 251.

       --backing=PATH, -b PATH
           If a path to a device node is specified, identical to --device=. However, this switch
           alternatively accepts a path to a regular file or directory, in which case the block
           device of the file system the file/directory resides on is automatically determined
           and used as if it was specified with --device=.

           Added in version 251.

       --timeout=SECS, -t SECS
           Specifies how long to wait at most until all locks can be taken. Takes a value in
           seconds, or in the usual supported time units, see systemd.time(7). If specified as
           zero the lock is attempted and if not successful the invocation will immediately fail.
           If passed as "infinity" (the default) the invocation will wait indefinitely until the
           lock can be acquired. If the lock cannot be taken in the specified time the specified
           command will not be executed and the invocation will fail.

           Added in version 251.

       --print, -p
           Instead of locking the specified devices and executing a command, just print the
           device paths that would be locked, and execute no command. This command is useful to
           determine the "whole" block device in case a partition block device is specified. The
           devices will be sorted by their device node major number as primary ordering key and
           the minor number as secondary ordering key (i.e. they are shown in the order they'd be
           locked). Note that the number of lines printed here can be less than the number of
           --device= and --backing= switches specified in case these resolve to the same "whole"
           devices.

           Added in version 251.

       -h, --help
           Print a short help text and exit.

INITIALIZED DEVICES

       Initialized devices are those for which at least one udev rule already completed execution
       – for any action but "remove" — that set a property or other device setting (and thus has
       an entry in the udev device database). Devices are no longer considered initialized if a
       "remove" action is seen for them (which removes their entry in the udev device database).
       Note that devices that have no udev rules are never considered initialized, but might
       still be announced via the sd-device API (or similar).

EXAMPLE

       Example 1. Format a File System

       Take a lock on the backing block device while creating a file system, to ensure that
       systemd-udevd doesn't probe or announce the new superblock before it is comprehensively
       written:

           # udevadm lock --device=/dev/sda1 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

       Example 2. Format a RAID File System

       Similar, but take locks on multiple devices at once:

           # udevadm lock --device=/dev/sda1 --device=/dev/sdb1 mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

       Example 3. Copy in a File System

       Take a lock on the backing block device while copying in a prepared file system image, to
       ensure that systemd-udevd doesn't probe or announce the new superblock before it is fully
       written:

           # udevadm lock -d /dev/sda1 dd if=fs.raw of=/dev/sda1

SEE ALSO

       udev(7), systemd-udevd.service(8)

NOTES

        1. Locking Block Device Access
           https://systemd.io/BLOCK_DEVICE_LOCKING