Provided by: tcl9.0-doc_9.0.1+dfsg-1_all 
NAME
safe - Creating and manipulating safe interpreters
SYNOPSIS
::safe::interpCreate ?child? ?options...?
::safe::interpInit child ?options...?
::safe::interpConfigure child ?options...?
::safe::interpDelete child
::safe::interpAddToAccessPath child directory
::safe::interpFindInAccessPath child directory
::safe::setSyncMode ?newValue?
::safe::setLogCmd ?cmd arg...?
OPTIONS
?-accessPath pathList?
?-autoPath pathList?
?-statics boolean?
?-noStatics?
?-nested boolean?
?-nestedLoadOk?
?-deleteHook script?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
Safe Tcl is a mechanism for executing untrusted Tcl scripts safely and for providing mediated access by
such scripts to potentially dangerous functionality.
Safe Tcl ensures that untrusted Tcl scripts cannot harm the hosting application. It prevents integrity
and privacy attacks. Untrusted Tcl scripts are prevented from corrupting the state of the hosting
application or computer. Untrusted scripts are also prevented from disclosing information stored on the
hosting computer or in the hosting application to any party.
Safe Tcl allows a parent interpreter to create safe, restricted interpreters that contain a set of
predefined aliases for the source, load, file, encoding, and exit commands and are able to use the auto-
loading and package mechanisms.
No knowledge of the file system structure is leaked to the safe interpreter, because it has access only
to a virtualized path containing tokens. When the safe interpreter requests to source a file, it uses the
token in the virtual path as part of the file name to source; the parent interpreter transparently
translates the token into a real directory name and executes the requested operation (see the section
SECURITY below for details). Different levels of security can be selected by using the optional flags of
the commands described below.
All commands provided in the parent interpreter by Safe Tcl reside in the safe namespace.
COMMANDS
The following commands are provided in the parent interpreter:
::safe::interpCreate ?child? ?options...?
Creates a safe interpreter, installs the aliases described in the section ALIASES and initializes
the auto-loading and package mechanism as specified by the supplied options. See the OPTIONS
section below for a description of the optional arguments. If the child argument is omitted, a
name will be generated. ::safe::interpCreate always returns the interpreter name.
The interpreter name child may include namespace separators, but may not have leading or trailing
namespace separators, or excess colon characters in namespace separators. The interpreter name is
qualified relative to the global namespace ::, not the namespace in which the ::safe::interpCreate
command is evaluated.
::safe::interpInit child ?options...?
This command is similar to interpCreate except it that does not create the safe interpreter. child
must have been created by some other means, like interp create -safe. The interpreter name child
may include namespace separators, subject to the same restrictions as for interpCreate.
::safe::interpConfigure child ?options...?
If no options are given, returns the settings for all options for the named safe interpreter as a
list of options and their current values for that child. If a single additional argument is
provided, it will return a list of 2 elements name and value where name is the full name of that
option and value the current value for that option and the child. If more than two additional
arguments are provided, it will reconfigure the safe interpreter and change each and only the
provided options. See the section on OPTIONS below for options description. Example of use:
# Create new interp with the same configuration as "$i0":
set i1 [safe::interpCreate {*}[safe::interpConfigure $i0]]
# Get the current deleteHook
set dh [safe::interpConfigure $i0 -del]
# Change (only) the statics loading ok attribute of an
# interp and its deleteHook (leaving the rest unchanged):
safe::interpConfigure $i0 -delete {foo bar} -statics 0
::safe::interpDelete child
Deletes the safe interpreter and cleans up the corresponding parent interpreter data structures.
If a deleteHook script was specified for this interpreter it is evaluated before the interpreter
is deleted, with the name of the interpreter as an additional argument.
::safe::interpFindInAccessPath child directory
This command finds and returns the token for the real directory directory in the safe
interpreter's current virtual access path. It generates an error if the directory is not found.
Example of use:
$child eval [list set tk_library \
[::safe::interpFindInAccessPath $name $tk_library]]
::safe::interpAddToAccessPath child directory
This command adds directory to the virtual path maintained for the safe interpreter in the parent,
and returns the token that can be used in the safe interpreter to obtain access to files in that
directory. If the directory is already in the virtual path, it only returns the token without
adding the directory to the virtual path again. Example of use:
$child eval [list set tk_library \
[::safe::interpAddToAccessPath $name $tk_library]]
::safe::setSyncMode ?newValue?
This command is used to get or set the "Sync Mode" of the Safe Base. When an argument is
supplied, the command returns an error if the argument is not a boolean value, or if any Safe Base
interpreters exist. Typically the value will be set as part of initialization - boolean true for
"Sync Mode" on (the default), false for "Sync Mode" off. With "Sync Mode" on, the Safe Base keeps
each child interpreter's ::auto_path synchronized with its access path. See the section SYNC MODE
below for details.
::safe::setLogCmd ?cmd arg...?
This command installs a script that will be called when interesting life cycle events occur for a
safe interpreter. When called with no arguments, it returns the currently installed script. When
called with one argument, an empty string, the currently installed script is removed and logging
is turned off. The script will be invoked with one additional argument, a string describing the
event of interest. The main purpose is to help in debugging safe interpreters. Using this
facility you can get complete error messages while the safe interpreter gets only generic error
messages. This prevents a safe interpreter from seeing messages about failures and other events
that might contain sensitive information such as real directory names.
Example of use:
::safe::setLogCmd puts stderr
Below is the output of a sample session in which a safe interpreter attempted to source a file not
found in its virtual access path. Note that the safe interpreter only received an error message
saying that the file was not found:
NOTICE for child interp10 : Created
NOTICE for child interp10 : Setting accessPath=(/foo/bar) staticsok=1 nestedok=0 deletehook=()
NOTICE for child interp10 : auto_path in interp10 has been set to {$p(:0:)}
ERROR for child interp10 : /foo/bar/init.tcl: no such file or directory
OPTIONS
The following options are common to ::safe::interpCreate, ::safe::interpInit, and
::safe::interpConfigure. Any option name can be abbreviated to its minimal non-ambiguous name. Option
names are not case sensitive.
-accessPath directoryList
This option sets the list of directories from which the safe interpreter can source and load
files. If this option is not specified, or if it is given as the empty list, the safe interpreter
will use the same directories as its parent for auto-loading. See the section SECURITY below for
more detail about virtual paths, tokens and access control.
-autoPath directoryList
This option sets the list of directories in the safe interpreter's ::auto_path. The option is
undefined if the Safe Base has "Sync Mode" on - in that case the safe interpreter's ::auto_path is
managed by the Safe Base and is a tokenized form of its access path. See the section SYNC MODE
below for details.
-statics boolean
This option specifies if the safe interpreter will be allowed to load statically linked packages
(like load {} Tk). The default value is true : safe interpreters are allowed to load statically
linked packages.
-noStatics
This option is a convenience shortcut for -statics false and thus specifies that the safe
interpreter will not be allowed to load statically linked packages.
-nested boolean
This option specifies if the safe interpreter will be allowed to load packages into its own sub-
interpreters. The default value is false : safe interpreters are not allowed to load packages
into their own sub-interpreters.
-nestedLoadOk
This option is a convenience shortcut for -nested true and thus specifies the safe interpreter
will be allowed to load packages into its own sub-interpreters.
-deleteHook script
When this option is given a non-empty script, it will be evaluated in the parent with the name of
the safe interpreter as an additional argument just before actually deleting the safe interpreter.
Giving an empty value removes any currently installed deletion hook script for that safe
interpreter. The default value ({}) is not to have any deletion call back.
ALIASES
The following aliases are provided in a safe interpreter:
source fileName
The requested file, a Tcl source file, is sourced into the safe interpreter if it is found. The
source alias can only source files from directories in the virtual path for the safe interpreter.
The source alias requires the safe interpreter to use one of the token names in its virtual path
to denote the directory in which the file to be sourced can be found. See the section on SECURITY
for more discussion of restrictions on valid filenames.
load fileName
The requested file, a shared object file, is dynamically loaded into the safe interpreter if it is
found. The filename must contain a token name mentioned in the virtual path for the safe
interpreter for it to be found successfully. Additionally, the shared object file must contain a
safe entry point; see the manual page for the load command for more details.
file ?subcommand args...?
The file alias provides access to a safe subset of the subcommands of the file command; it allows
only dirname, join, extension, root, tail, pathtype and split subcommands. For more details on
what these subcommands do see the manual page for the file command.
encoding ?subcommand args...?
The encoding alias provides access to a safe subset of the subcommands of the encoding command;
it disallows setting of the system encoding, but allows all other subcommands including system to
check the current encoding.
exit The calling interpreter is deleted and its computation is stopped, but the Tcl process in which
this interpreter exists is not terminated.
SECURITY
Safe Tcl does not attempt to completely prevent annoyance and denial of service attacks. These forms of
attack prevent the application or user from temporarily using the computer to perform useful work, for
example by consuming all available CPU time or all available screen real estate. These attacks, while
aggravating, are deemed to be of lesser importance in general than integrity and privacy attacks that
Safe Tcl is to prevent.
The commands available in a safe interpreter, in addition to the safe set as defined in interp manual
page, are mediated aliases for source, load, exit, and safe subsets of file and encoding. The safe
interpreter can also auto-load code and it can request that packages be loaded.
Because some of these commands access the local file system, there is a potential for information leakage
about its directory structure. To prevent this, commands that take file names as arguments in a safe
interpreter use tokens instead of the real directory names. These tokens are translated to the real
directory name while a request to, e.g., source a file is mediated by the parent interpreter. This
virtual path system is maintained in the parent interpreter for each safe interpreter created by
::safe::interpCreate or initialized by ::safe::interpInit and the path maps tokens accessible in the safe
interpreter into real path names on the local file system thus preventing safe interpreters from gaining
knowledge about the structure of the file system of the host on which the interpreter is executing. The
only valid file names arguments for the source and load aliases provided to the child are path in the
form of [file join token filename] (i.e. when using the native file path formats: token/filename on Unix
and token\filename on Windows), where token is representing one of the directories of the accessPath list
and filename is one file in that directory (no sub directories access are allowed).
When a token is used in a safe interpreter in a request to source or load a file, the token is checked
and translated to a real path name and the file to be sourced or loaded is located on the file system.
The safe interpreter never gains knowledge of the actual path name under which the file is stored on the
file system.
To further prevent potential information leakage from sensitive files that are accidentally included in
the set of files that can be sourced by a safe interpreter, the source alias restricts access to files
meeting the following constraints: the file name must fourteen characters or shorter, must not contain
more than one dot (“.”), must end up with the extension (“.tcl”) or be called (“tclIndex”.)
Each element of the initial access path list will be assigned a token that will be set in the child
auto_path and the first element of that list will be set as the tcl_library for that child.
If the access path argument is not given to ::safe::interpCreate or ::safe::interpInit or is the empty
list, the default behavior is to let the child access the same packages as the parent has access to (Or
to be more precise: only packages written in Tcl (which by definition cannot be dangerous as they run in
the child interpreter) and C extensions that provides a _SafeInit entry point). For that purpose, the
parent's auto_path will be used to construct the child access path. In order that the child successfully
loads the Tcl library files (which includes the auto-loading mechanism itself) the tcl_library will be
added or moved to the first position if necessary, in the child access path, so the child tcl_library
will be the same as the parent's (its real path will still be invisible to the child though). In order
that auto-loading works the same for the child and the parent in this by default case, the first-level
sub directories of each directory in the parent auto_path will also be added (if not already included) to
the child access path. You can always specify a more restrictive path for which sub directories will
never be searched by explicitly specifying your directory list with the -accessPath flag instead of
relying on this default mechanism.
When the accessPath is changed after the first creation or initialization (i.e. through interpConfigure
-accessPath list), an auto_reset is automatically evaluated in the safe interpreter to synchronize its
auto_index with the new token list.
TYPICAL USE
In many cases, the properties of a Safe Base interpreter can be specified when the interpreter is
created, and then left unchanged for the lifetime of the interpreter.
If you wish to use Safe Base interpreters with "Sync Mode" off, evaluate the command
safe::setSyncMode 0
Use ::safe::interpCreate or ::safe::interpInit to create an interpreter with the properties that you
require. The simplest way is not to specify -accessPath or -autoPath, which means the safe interpreter
will use the same paths as the parent interpreter. However, if -accessPath is specified, then -autoPath
must also be specified, or else it will be set to {}.
The value of -autoPath will be that required to access tclIndex and pkgIndex.tcl files according to the
same rules as an unsafe interpreter (see pkg_mkIndex(3tcl) and library(3tcl)).
With "Sync Mode" on, the option -autoPath is undefined, and the Safe Base sets the child's ::auto_path to
a tokenized form of the access path. In addition to the directories present if "Safe Mode" is off, the
::auto_path includes the numerous subdirectories and module paths that belong to the access path.
SYNC MODE
Before Tcl version 9.0, the Safe Base kept each safe interpreter's ::auto_path synchronized with a
tokenized form of its access path. Limitations of Tcl 8.4 and earlier made this feature necessary. This
definition of ::auto_path did not conform its specification in library(3tcl) and pkg_mkIndex(3tcl), but
nevertheless worked perfectly well for the discovery and loading of packages. The introduction of Tcl
modules in Tcl 8.5 added a large number of directories to the access path, and it is inconvenient to have
these additional directories unnecessarily appended to the ::auto_path.
In order to preserve compatibility with existing code, this synchronization of the ::auto_path and access
path ("Sync Mode" on) is still the default. However, the Safe Base offers the option of limiting the
safe interpreter's ::auto_path to the much shorter list of directories that is necessary for it to
perform its function ("Sync Mode" off). Use the command ::safe::setSyncMode to choose the mode before
creating any Safe Base interpreters.
In either mode, the most convenient way to initialize a safe interpreter is to call ::safe::interpCreate
or ::safe::interpInit without the -accessPath or -autoPath options (or with the -accessPath option set to
the empty list), which will give the safe interpreter the same access as the parent interpreter to
packages, modules, and autoloader files. With "Sync Mode" off, the Safe Base will set the value of
-autoPath to the parent's ::auto_path, and will set the child's ::auto_path to a tokenized form of the
parent's ::auto_path.
With "Sync Mode" off, if a value is specified for -autoPath, even the empty list, in a call to
::safe::interpCreate, ::safe::interpInit, or ::safe::interpConfigure, it will be tokenized and used as
the safe interpreter's ::auto_path. Any directories that do not also belong to the access path cannot be
tokenized and will be silently ignored. However, the value of -autoPath will remain as specified, and
will be used to re-tokenize the child's ::auto_path if ::safe::interpConfigure is called to change the
value of -accessPath.
With "Sync Mode" off, if the access path is reset to the values in the parent interpreter by calling
::safe::interpConfigure with arguments -accessPath {}, then the ::auto_path will also be reset unless the
argument -autoPath is supplied to specify a different value.
With "Sync Mode" off, if a non-empty value of -accessPath is supplied, the safe interpreter's ::auto_path
will be set to {} (by ::safe::interpCreate, ::safe::interpInit) or left unchanged (by
::safe::interpConfigure). If the same command specifies a new value for -autoPath, it will be applied
after the -accessPath argument has been processed.
Examples of use with "Sync Mode" off: any of these commands will set the ::auto_path to a tokenized form
of its value in the parent interpreter:
safe::interpCreate foo
safe::interpCreate foo -accessPath {}
safe::interpInit bar
safe::interpInit bar -accessPath {}
safe::interpConfigure foo -accessPath {}
Example of use with "Sync Mode" off: when initializing a safe interpreter with a non-empty access path,
the ::auto_path will be set to {} unless its own value is also specified:
safe::interpCreate foo -accessPath {
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/http1.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/opt0.4
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/msgs
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/encoding
/usr/local/TclHome/lib
}
# The child's ::auto_path must be given a suitable value:
safe::interpConfigure foo -autoPath {
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib
}
# The two commands can be combined:
safe::interpCreate foo -accessPath {
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/http1.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/opt0.4
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/msgs
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0/encoding
/usr/local/TclHome/lib
} -autoPath {
/usr/local/TclHome/lib/tcl9.0
/usr/local/TclHome/lib
}
Example of use with "Sync Mode" off: the command safe::interpAddToAccessPath does not change the safe
interpreter's ::auto_path, and so any necessary change must be made by the script:
safe::interpAddToAccessPath foo /usr/local/TclHome/lib/extras/Img1.4.11
lassign [safe::interpConfigure foo -autoPath] DUM childAutoPath
lappend childAutoPath /usr/local/TclHome/lib/extras/Img1.4.11
safe::interpConfigure foo -autoPath $childAutoPath
SEE ALSO
interp(3tcl), library(3tcl), load(3tcl), package(3tcl), pkg_mkIndex(3tcl), source(3tcl), tm(3tcl), unknown(3tcl)
KEYWORDS
alias, auto-loading, auto_mkindex, load, parent interpreter, safe interpreter, child interpreter, source