Ubuntu Manpage: firewalld - Dynamic Firewall Manager

NAME

       firewalld - Dynamic Firewall Manager

SYNOPSIS

       firewalld [OPTIONS...]

DESCRIPTION

       firewalld provides a dynamically managed firewall with support for network/firewall zones
       to define the trust level of network connections or interfaces. It has support for IPv4,
       IPv6 firewall settings and for ethernet bridges and has a separation of runtime and
       permanent configuration options. It also supports an interface for services or
       applications to add firewall rules directly.

OPTIONS

These are the command line options of firewalld:

-h, --help
Prints a short help text and exits.

--default-config
Path to firewalld default configuration. This usually defaults to /usr/lib/firewalld.

--debug[=level]
Set the debug level for firewalld to level. The range of the debug level is 1 (lowest
level) to 10 (highest level). The debug output will be written to the firewalld log
file specified by --log-file.

--debug-gc
Print garbage collector leak information. The collector runs every 10 seconds and if
there are leaks, it prints information about the leaks.

--log-target
Define the output target to which log messages are written. In mixed mode, Firewalld
writes info-level log messages to syslog. Debug messages are written to a file (see
the --log-file parameter). Info messages also go to stdout and stderr. The syslog,
file or console modes write all messages to the one configured target only.

--log-file
Define the file where debug messages are written to. The default file is
/var/log/firewalld.

--nofork
Turn off daemon forking. Force firewalld to run as a foreground process instead of as
a daemon in the background.

--nopid
Disable writing pid file. By default the program will write a pid file. If the program
is invoked with this option it will not check for an existing server process.

--system-config
Path to firewalld system (user) configuration. This usually defaults to
/etc/firewalld.

CONCEPTS

firewalld has a D-Bus interface for firewall configuration of services and applications.
It also has a command line client for the user. Services or applications already using
D-Bus can request changes to the firewall with the D-Bus interface directly. For more
information on the firewalld D-Bus interface, please have a look at firewalld.dbus(5).

firewalld provides support for zones, predefined services and ICMP types and has a
separation of runtime and permanent configuration options. Permanent configuration is
loaded from XML files in /usr/lib/firewalld (--default-config) or /etc/firewalld
(--system-config) (see the section called “DIRECTORIES”).

If NetworkManager is not in use and firewalld gets started after the network is already
up, the connections and manually created interfaces are not bound to the zone specified in
the ifcfg file. The interfaces will automatically be handled by the default zone.
firewalld will also not get notified about network device renames. All this also applies
to interfaces that are not controlled by NetworkManager if NM_CONTROLLED=no is set.

You can add these interfaces to a zone with firewall-cmd [--permanent] --zone=zone
--add-interface=interface. If there is a /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface
file, firewalld tries to change the ZONE=zone setting in this file.

If firewalld gets reloaded, it will restore the interface bindings that were in place
before reloading to keep interface bindings stable in the case of NetworkManager
uncontrolled interfaces. This mechanism is not possible in the case of a firewalld service
restart.

It is essential to keep the ZONE= setting in the ifcfg file consistent to the binding in
firewalld in the case of NetworkManager uncontrolled interfaces.

Zones
A network or firewall zone defines the trust level of the interface used for a connection.
There are several pre-defined zones provided by firewalld. Zone configuration options and
generic information about zones are described in firewalld.zone(5)

Services
A service can be a list of local ports, protocols and destinations and additionally also a
list of firewall helper modules automatically loaded if a service is enabled. Service
configuration options and generic information about services are described in
firewalld.service(5). The use of predefined services makes it easier for the user to
enable and disable access to a service.

ICMP types
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to exchange information and also
error messages in the Internet Protocol (IP). ICMP types can be used in firewalld to limit
the exchange of these messages. For more information, please have a look at
firewalld.icmptype(5).

Runtime configuration
Runtime configuration is the actual active configuration and is not permanent. After
reload/restart of the service or a system reboot, runtime settings will be gone if they
haven't been also in permanent configuration.

Permanent configuration
The permanent configuration is stored in config files and will be loaded and become new
runtime configuration with every machine boot or service reload/restart.

Direct interface
DEPRECATED
The direct interface has been deprecated. It will be removed in a future release. It
is superseded by policies, see firewalld.policies(5).

The direct interface is mainly used by services or applications to add specific firewall
rules. It requires basic knowledge of ip(6)tables concepts (tables, chains, commands,
parameters, targets).

DIRECTORIES

       firewalld supports two configuration directories:

   Default/Fallback configuration in /usr/lib/firewalld (--default-config)
       This directory contains the default and fallback configuration provided by firewalld for
       icmptypes, services and zones. The files provided with the firewalld package should not
       get changed and the changes are gone with an update of the firewalld package. Additional
       icmptypes, services and zones can be provided with packages or by creating files.

   System configuration settings in /etc/firewalld (--system-config)
       The system or user configuration stored here is either created by the system administrator
       or by customization with the configuration interface of firewalld or by hand. The files
       will overload the default configuration files.

       To manually change settings of pre-defined icmptypes, zones or services, copy the file
       from the default configuration directory to the corresponding directory in the system
       configuration directory and change it accordingly.

       For more information on icmptypes, please have a look at the firewalld.icmptype(5) man
       page, for services at firewalld.service(5) and for zones at firewalld.zone(5).

SIGNALS

       Currently only SIGHUP is supported.

   SIGHUP
       Reloads the complete firewall configuration. You can also use firewall-cmd --reload. All
       runtime configuration settings will be restored. Permanent configuration will change
       according to options defined in the configuration files.

NOTES

       firewalld home page:
           http://firewalld.org

AUTHORS

       Thomas Woerner <twoerner@redhat.com>
           Developer

       Jiri Popelka <jpopelka@redhat.com>
           Developer

       Eric Garver <eric@garver.life>
           Developer