Ubuntu Manpage: postalias - Postfix alias database maintenance

NAME

       postalias - Postfix alias database maintenance

SYNOPSIS

       postalias [-Nfinoprsuvw] [-c config_dir] [-d key] [-q key]
               [file_type:]file_name ...

DESCRIPTION

The postalias(1) command creates or queries one or more Postfix alias databases, or
updates an existing one. The input and output file formats are expected to be compatible
with Sendmail version 8, and are expected to be suitable for use as NIS alias maps.

If the result files do not exist they will be created with the same group and other read
permissions as their source file.

While a database update is in progress, signal delivery is postponed, and an exclusive,
advisory, lock is placed on the entire database, in order to avoid surprises in spectator
processes.

The format of Postfix alias input files is described in aliases(5).

By default the lookup key is mapped to lowercase to make the lookups case insensitive; as
of Postfix 2.3 this case folding happens only with tables whose lookup keys are fixed-case
strings such as btree:, dbm: or hash:. With earlier versions, the lookup key is folded
even with tables where a lookup field can match both upper and lower case text, such as
regexp: and pcre:. This resulted in loss of information with $number substitutions.

Options:

-c config_dir
Read the main.cf configuration file in the named directory instead of the default
configuration directory.

-d key Search the specified maps for key and remove one entry per map. The exit status is
zero when the requested information was found.

If a key value of - is specified, the program reads key values from the standard
input stream. The exit status is zero when at least one of the requested keys was
found.

-f Do not fold the lookup key to lower case while creating or querying a table.

With Postfix version 2.3 and later, this option has no effect for regular
expression tables. There, case folding is controlled by appending a flag to a
pattern.

-i Incremental mode. Read entries from standard input and do not truncate an existing
database. By default, postalias(1) creates a new database from the entries in
file_name.

-N Include the terminating null character that terminates lookup keys and values. By
default, postalias(1) does whatever is the default for the host operating system.

-n Don't include the terminating null character that terminates lookup keys and
values. By default, postalias(1) does whatever is the default for the host
operating system.

-o Do not release root privileges when processing a non-root input file. By default,
postalias(1) drops root privileges and runs as the source file owner instead.

-p Do not inherit the file access permissions from the input file when creating a new
file. Instead, create a new file with default access permissions (mode 0644).

-q key Search the specified maps for key and write the first value found to the standard
output stream. The exit status is zero when the requested information was found.

Note: this performs a single query with the key as specified, and does not make
iterative queries with substrings of the key as described in the aliases(5) manual
page.

If a key value of - is specified, the program reads key values from the standard
input stream and writes one line of key: value output for each key that was found.
The exit status is zero when at least one of the requested keys was found.

-r When updating a table, do not complain about attempts to update existing entries,
and make those updates anyway.

-s Retrieve all database elements, and write one line of key: value output for each
element. The elements are printed in database order, which is not necessarily the
same as the original input order. This feature is available in Postfix version 2.2
and later, and is not available for all database types.

-u Disable UTF-8 support. UTF-8 support is enabled by default when "smtputf8_enable =
yes". It requires that keys and values are valid UTF-8 strings.

-v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the
software increasingly verbose.

-w When updating a table, do not complain about attempts to update existing entries,
and ignore those attempts.

Arguments:

file_type
The database type. To find out what types are supported, use the "postconf -m"
command.

The postalias(1) command can query any supported file type, but it can create only
the following file types:

btree The output is a btree file, named file_name.db. This is available on
systems with support for db databases.

cdb The output is one file named file_name.cdb. This is available on systems
with support for cdb databases.

dbm The output consists of two files, named file_name.pag and file_name.dir.
This is available on systems with support for dbm databases.

fail A table that reliably fails all requests. The lookup table name is used for
logging only. This table exists to simplify Postfix error tests.

hash The output is a hashed file, named file_name.db. This is available on
systems with support for db databases.

lmdb The output is a btree-based file, named file_name.lmdb. lmdb supports
concurrent writes and reads from different processes, unlike other supported
file-based tables. This is available on systems with support for lmdb
databases.

sdbm The output consists of two files, named file_name.pag and file_name.dir.
This is available on systems with support for sdbm databases.

When no file_type is specified, the software uses the database type specified via
the default_database_type configuration parameter. The default value for this
parameter depends on the host environment.

file_name
The name of the alias database source file when creating a database.

DIAGNOSTICS

       Problems are logged to the standard error stream and  to  syslogd(8)  or  postlogd(8).  No
       output means that no problems were detected. Duplicate entries are skipped and are flagged
       with a warning.

       postalias(1) terminates with zero exit status in case  of  success  (including  successful
       "postalias -q" lookup) and terminates with non-zero exit status in case of failure.

ENVIRONMENT

       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with Postfix configuration files.

       MAIL_VERBOSE
              Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

       The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program.

       The  text  below  provides  only  a  parameter  summary.  See postconf(5) for more details
       including examples.

       alias_database (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The alias databases for local(8) delivery that are  updated  with  "newaliases"  or
              with "sendmail -bi".

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

       berkeley_db_create_buffer_size (16777216)
              The  per-table  I/O  buffer size for programs that create Berkeley DB hash or btree
              tables.

       berkeley_db_read_buffer_size (131072)
              The per-table I/O buffer size for programs that read  Berkeley  DB  hash  or  btree
              tables.

       default_database_type (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  default  database  type  for use in newaliases(1), postalias(1) and postmap(1)
              commands.

       import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The list of environment variables that a privileged  Postfix  process  will  import
              from a non-Postfix parent process, or name=value environment overrides.

       smtputf8_enable (yes)
              Enable  preliminary  SMTPUTF8  support for the protocols described in RFC 6531, RFC
              6532, and RFC 6533.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              A prefix that is prepended to the process name in  syslog  records,  so  that,  for
              example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

       Available in Postfix 2.11 and later:

       lmdb_map_size (16777216)
              The initial OpenLDAP LMDB database size limit in bytes.

STANDARDS

       RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages)

README FILES

       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview

LICENSE

       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)

       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                                     POSTALIAS(1)