plucky (3) Type::Tiny::Manual.3pm.gz

Provided by: libtype-tiny-perl_2.004000-1_all bug

NAME

       Type::Tiny::Manual - an overview of Type::Tiny

SYNOPSIS

       Type::Tiny is a small Perl <http://www.perl.org/> class for writing type constraints, inspired by Moose's
       type constraint API and MooseX::Types. It has only one non-core dependency (and even that is simply a
       module that was previously distributed as part of Type::Tiny but has since been spun off), and can be
       used with Moose, Mouse, or Moo (or none of the above).

       Type::Tiny is used by over 800 Perl distributions on the CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) and
       can be considered a stable and mature framework for efficiently and reliably enforcing data types.

       Type::Tiny is bundled with Type::Library a framework for organizing type constraints into collections.
       Also bundled is Types::Standard, a Moose-inspired library of useful type constraints. Type::Params is
       also provided, to allow very fast checking and coercion of function and method parameters.

       The following example gives you an idea of some of the features of these modules. If you don't understand
       it all, that's fine; that's what the rest of the manual is for. Although the example uses Moo, the "use
       Moo" could be changed to "use Moose" or "use Mouse" and it would still work.

        use v5.12;
        use strict;
        use warnings;

        package Horse {
          use Moo;
          use Types::Standard qw( Str Int Enum ArrayRef InstanceOf );
          use Type::Params qw( signature );
          use namespace::autoclean;

          has name => (
            is       => 'ro',
            isa      => Str,
            required => 1,
          );
          has gender => (
            is       => 'ro',
            isa      => Enum[qw( f m )],
          );
          has age => (
            is       => 'rw',
            isa      => Int->where( '$_ >= 0' ),
          );
          has children => (
            is       => 'ro',
            isa      => ArrayRef[ InstanceOf['Horse'] ],
            default  => sub { return [] },
          );

          sub add_child {
            state $check = signature(
              method     => Object,
              positional => [ InstanceOf['Horse'] ]
            );

            my ( $self, $child ) = $check->(@_);   # unpack @_
            push @{ $self->children }, $child;

            return $self;
          }
        }

        package main;

        my $boldruler = Horse->new(
          name    => "Bold Ruler",
          gender  => 'm',
          age     => 16,
        );

        my $secretariat = Horse->new(
          name    => "Secretariat",
          gender  => 'm',
          age     => 0,
        );

        $boldruler->add_child( $secretariat );

        use Types::Standard qw( is_Object assert_Object );

        # is_Object will return a boolean
        #
        if ( is_Object($boldruler) ) {
          say $boldruler->name;
        }

        # assert_Object will return $secretariat or die
        #
        say assert_Object( $secretariat )->name;

MANUAL

       Even if you are using Type::Tiny with other object-oriented programming toolkits (such as Moose or
       Mouse), you should start with the Moo sections of the manual. Most of the information is directly
       transferrable and the Moose and Mouse sections of the manual list the minor differences between using
       Type::Tiny with Moo and with them.

       In general, this manual assumes you use Perl 5.12 or above and may use examples that do not work on older
       versions of Perl. Type::Tiny does work on earlier versions of Perl, but not all the examples and features
       in the manual will run without adjustment. (For instance, you may need to replace "state" variables with
       lexical variables, avoid the "package NAME { BLOCK }" syntax, etc.)

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Installation

           How to install Type::Tiny. If Type::Tiny is already installed, you can skip this.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoo

           Basic use of Type::Tiny with Moo, including attribute type constraints, parameterized type
           constraints, coercions, and method parameter checking.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoo2

           Advanced use of Type::Tiny with Moo, including unions and intersections, "stringifies_to",
           "numifies_to", "with_attribute_values", and "where".

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoo3

           There's more than one way to do it! Alternative ways of using Type::Tiny, including type registries,
           exported functions, and "dwim_type".

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Libraries

           Defining your own type libraries, including extending existing libraries, defining new types, adding
           coercions, defining parameterizable types, and the declarative style.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoose

           How to use Type::Tiny with Moose, including the advantages of Type::Tiny over built-in type
           constraints, and Moose-specific features.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMouse

           How to use Type::Tiny with Mouse, including the advantages of Type::Tiny over built-in type
           constraints, and Mouse-specific features.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMite

           How to use Type::Tiny with Mite, including how to write an entire Perl project using clean Moose-like
           code and no non-core dependencies.  (Not even dependencies on Mite or Type::Tiny!)

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithClassTiny

           Including how to Type::Tiny in your object's "BUILD" method, and third-party shims between Type::Tiny
           and Class::Tiny.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithOther

           Using Type::Tiny with Class::InsideOut, Params::Check, and Object::Accessor.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithTestMore

           Type::Tiny for test suites.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Params

           Advanced information on Type::Params, and using Type::Tiny with other signature modules like
           Function::Parameters and Kavorka.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::NonOO

           Type::Tiny in non-object-oriented code.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Optimization

           Squeeze the most out of your CPU.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Coercions

           Advanced information on coercions.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::AllTypes

           An alphabetical list of all type constraints bundled with Type::Tiny.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Policies

           Policies related to Type::Tiny development.

       •   Type::Tiny::Manual::Contributing

           Contributing to Type::Tiny development.

BUGS

       Please report any bugs to <https://github.com/tobyink/p5-type-tiny/issues>.

SEE ALSO

       The Type::Tiny homepage <https://typetiny.toby.ink/>.

AUTHOR

       Toby Inkster <tobyink@cpan.org>.

       This software is copyright (c) 2013-2014, 2017-2023 by Toby Inkster.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5
       programming language system itself.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

       THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT
       LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.