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NAME
closelog, openlog, syslog, vsyslog - send messages to the system logger
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <syslog.h>
void openlog(const char *ident, int option, int facility);
void syslog(int priority, const char *format, ...);
void closelog(void);
void vsyslog(int priority, const char *format, va_list ap);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
vsyslog():
Since glibc 2.19:
_DEFAULT_SOURCE
glibc 2.19 and earlier:
_BSD_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
openlog()
openlog() opens a connection to the system logger for a program.
The string pointed to by ident is prepended to every message, and is typically set to the
program name. If ident is NULL, the program name is used. (POSIX.1-2008 does not specify
the behavior when ident is NULL.)
The option argument specifies flags which control the operation of openlog() and
subsequent calls to syslog(). The facility argument establishes a default to be used if
none is specified in subsequent calls to syslog(). The values that may be specified for
option and facility are described below.
The use of openlog() is optional; it will automatically be called by syslog() if
necessary, in which case ident will default to NULL.
syslog() and vsyslog()
syslog() generates a log message, which will be distributed by syslogd(8).
The priority argument is formed by ORing together a facility value and a level value
(described below). If no facility value is ORed into priority, then the default value set
by openlog() is used, or, if there was no preceding openlog() call, a default of LOG_USER
is employed.
The remaining arguments are a format, as in printf(3), and any arguments required by the
format, except that the two-character sequence %m will be replaced by the error message
string strerror(errno). The format string need not include a terminating newline
character.
The function vsyslog() performs the same task as syslog() with the difference that it
takes a set of arguments which have been obtained using the stdarg(3) variable argument
list macros.
closelog()
closelog() closes the file descriptor being used to write to the system logger. The use
of closelog() is optional.
Values for option
The option argument to openlog() is a bit mask constructed by ORing together any of the
following values:
LOG_CONS Write directly to the system console if there is an error while sending to
the system logger.
LOG_NDELAY Open the connection immediately (normally, the connection is opened when
the first message is logged). This may be useful, for example, if a
subsequent chroot(2) would make the pathname used internally by the logging
facility unreachable.
LOG_NOWAIT Don't wait for child processes that may have been created while logging the
message. (The GNU C library does not create a child process, so this
option has no effect on Linux.)
LOG_ODELAY The converse of LOG_NDELAY; opening of the connection is delayed until
syslog() is called. (This is the default, and need not be specified.)
LOG_PERROR (Not in POSIX.1-2001 or POSIX.1-2008.) Also log the message to stderr.
LOG_PID Include the caller's PID with each message.
Values for facility
The facility argument is used to specify what type of program is logging the message.
This lets the configuration file specify that messages from different facilities will be
handled differently.
LOG_AUTH security/authorization messages
LOG_AUTHPRIV security/authorization messages (private)
LOG_CRON clock daemon (cron and at)
LOG_DAEMON system daemons without separate facility value
LOG_FTP ftp daemon
LOG_KERN kernel messages (these can't be generated from user processes)
LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7
reserved for local use
LOG_LPR line printer subsystem
LOG_MAIL mail subsystem
LOG_NEWS USENET news subsystem
LOG_SYSLOG messages generated internally by syslogd(8)
LOG_USER (default)
generic user-level messages
LOG_UUCP UUCP subsystem
Values for level
This determines the importance of the message. The levels are, in order of decreasing
importance:
LOG_EMERG system is unusable
LOG_ALERT action must be taken immediately
LOG_CRIT critical conditions
LOG_ERR error conditions
LOG_WARNING warning conditions
LOG_NOTICE normal, but significant, condition
LOG_INFO informational message
LOG_DEBUG debug-level message
The function setlogmask(3) can be used to restrict logging to specified levels only.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
│openlog(), closelog() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────────┤
│syslog(), vsyslog() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe env locale │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────────┘
STANDARDS
syslog()
openlog()
closelog()
POSIX.1-2008.
vsyslog()
None.
HISTORY
syslog()
4.2BSD, SUSv2, POSIX.1-2001.
openlog()
closelog()
4.3BSD, SUSv2, POSIX.1-2001.
vsyslog()
4.3BSD-Reno.
POSIX.1-2001 specifies only the LOG_USER and LOG_LOCAL* values for facility. However,
with the exception of LOG_AUTHPRIV and LOG_FTP, the other facility values appear on most
UNIX systems.
The LOG_PERROR value for option is not specified by POSIX.1-2001 or POSIX.1-2008, but is
available in most versions of UNIX.
NOTES
The argument ident in the call of openlog() is probably stored as-is. Thus, if the string
it points to is changed, syslog() may start prepending the changed string, and if the
string it points to ceases to exist, the results are undefined. Most portable is to use a
string constant.
Never pass a string with user-supplied data as a format, use the following instead:
syslog(priority, "%s", string);
SEE ALSO
journalctl(1), logger(1), setlogmask(3), syslog.conf(5), syslogd(8)