Provided by: plc-utils-extra_0.0.6+git20250517.7fb8ac5-1_amd64 
NAME
int6kboot - Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Device Boot Utility I
SYNOPSIS
int6kboot [options] -N file -P file [device] [device] [...]
DESCRIPTION
Download and start runtime firmware on any local Atheros powerline device that is in bootloader mode. A
device remains in bootloader mode when it cannot load firmware from flash memory for some reason. This
can happen because there is no flash memory or because the flash memory is blank or corrupted. This
program can start a device or start then flash a device.
The bootloader only recognizes a subset of Atheros message types. This program uses that subset to write
runtime firmware and parameters into SDRAM then start firmware execution at a known address. Optionally,
this program can then proceed to download the same firmware and parameters, again, and instruct the
runtime firmware to write them to flash memory.
Starting a device is a three phase operation that can only be performed when the bootloader is running.
The first phase writes an SDRAM configuration program into TCM and executes it. The second phase writes
runtime firmware and parameters as images into SDRAM. The third phase starts firmware execution. Once
the runtime firmware starts, the device will be operational.
Flashing a device is a two phase operation that can only be performed when the firmware is running. The
first phase downloads runtime firmare and parameters into scratch buffers under firmware control. The
second phase instructs the firmware to write the scratch buffers to flash memory and restart the device.
After flashing, the device will be self-sustaining.
Since the device address is 00:B0:52:00:00:01 on boot, the host must send all messages to that address.
This can cause problems if multiple devices are connected to the host and in Bootloader mode. The
devices will have the same firmware and MAC address because their PIBs will be identical. One should
avoid this situation.
Is probably alright to have other device connected to the host that are running firmware because they
will still see but not recognize the messages used in this operation. If only one device is connected to
the host, then is save to flash the device using address 00:B0:52:00:00:01. Otherwise, the host should
address messages to the actual device address so that other devices do not attempt to write to their own
flash memory at the same time.
This program is part of the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the plc man page for an overview and
installation instructions.
OPTIONS
-e Redirects stderr messages to stdout. By convention status and error messages are printed on
stderr while primary program output is printed on stdout. This option prints all output on stdout
in cases where this is desired.
-F[F] Write previously downloaded MAC and PIB to NVRAM using VS_MOD_NVM. Adding a second F here or
another -F anywhere on the command line will force-flash a blank or corrupted NVRAM. Firmware
loaded from NVRAM will treat force-flash as an error. This option can be used to create factory
settings but cannot be used to change them once created. Subsequent use creates and updates
operational settings that can be erased using a factory reset.
-i interface
Select the host Ethernet interface. All requests are sent via this host interface and only
reponses received via this host interface are recognized. The default interface is eth1 because
most people use eth0 as their principle network connection; however, if environment string "PLC"
is defined then it takes precedence over the default interface. This option then takes precedence
over either default.
-N filename
Read the named NVM file and write it to the device. This option and argument are required. Any
file having an invalid NVM file format will be rejected. No assumptions are made based on
filename and no filename conventions are enforced.
-P filename
Read the named PIB file and write it to the device. This option and argument are required. Any
file having an invalid PIB file format will be rejected. No assumptions are made based on
filename and no filename conventions are enforced.
-q Suppresses status messages on stderr.
-t milliseconds
Read timeout in milliseconds. Values range from 0 through UINT_MAX. This is the maximum time
allowed for a response. The default is shown in brackets on the program menu.
-v Prints additional information on stdout. In particular, this option dumps outgoing Ethernet
packets on stdout.
-?,--help
Print program help summary on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the
command line.
-!,--version
Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on
the command line. Use this option when sending screen dumps to Atheros Technical Support so that
they know exactly which version of the Linux Toolkit you are using.
ARGUMENTS
device The Ethernet hardware address of some powerline device. More than one address may be specified on
the command line. If more than one address is specified then operations are performed on each
device in turn. The default address is local. as explained in the DEVICES section.
DEVICES
Powerline device addresses are 12 hexadecimal digits in upper, lower or mixed case. Individual octets
may be separated by colons, for clarity, but colons are not required. For example, "00b052000001",
"00:b0:52:00:00:01" and "00b052:000001" are valid and equivalent.
A local device is any Atheros Powerline Device connected directly to a host Ethernet interface. A remote
device is any Atheros Powerline Device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is any
powerline device not manufactured by Atheros.
Common device addresses have symbolic names that can be used in place of the actual address value. The
following symbolic addresses are recognized by this program and most other toolkit programs.
all Equivalent to "broadcast", described next.
broadcast
A synonym for the Ethernet broadcast address, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. All devices, whether local,
remote or foreign will respond to this address.
local A synonym for the Qualcomm Atheros Local Management Address (LMA), 00:B0:52:00:00:01. All local
Atheros devices will respond to this address but remote and foreign devices will not.
REFERENCES
See the Qualcomm Atheros HomePlug AV Firmware Technical Reference Manual for technical information. See
the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit Online Documetation for practical information and examples.
EXAMPLES
The -N and -P options are always required. Their order is not important. Tne MAC address is not needed
because devices default to address 00:B0:52:00:00:01 (the program default address) in bootloader mode.
Once this operation completes, firmware is running in SDRAM but the NVRAM, if present, has not been
programmed. This operation is common for flash-less devices. If we reset the device at this point then
the device will return to bootloader mode.
int6kboot -N test.nvm -P test.pib
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write SDRAM Configuration
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Start Firmware
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Started.
The next example does the same thing but performs the extra steps needed to program NVRAM. It first
downloads the firmware image from file test.nvm and the parameter block image from file test.pib using
VS_WR_MEM then starts firmware execution using VS_ST_MAC. Once runtime firmware has started, it
downloads the same firmware image and parameter block image (again) using VS_WR_MOD and commits them to
NVRAM using VS_MOD_NVM.
int6kboot -N test.nvm -P test.pib -F
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write SDRAM Configuration
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Start Firmware
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Started.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write MAC as module
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write PIB as module
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written.
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Flash Device
# eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Flashed.
DISCLAIMER
Atheros HomePlug AV Vendor Specific Management Message structure and content is proprietary to Qualcomm
Atheros, Ocala FL USA. Consequently, public information may not be available. Qualcomm Atheros reserves
the right to modify message structure and content in future firmware releases without any obligation to
notify or compensate users of this program.
SEE ALSO
plc(1), ampboot(1), chknvm(1), chkpib(1), int6k(1), modpib(1)
CREDITS
Charles Maier
open-plc-utils-0.0.3 November 2013 int6kboot(1)