NAME

       gp - PARI calculator

SYNOPSIS

       gp  [--stacksize|-s  stacksize]  [--primelimit|-p primelimit] [--emacs] [-f|--fast] [-q|--quiet] [--help]
       [--test] [--texmacs] [--version] [--version-short] [ file1 file2 ...]

DESCRIPTION

       Invokes the PARI-GP calculator, loading the file1, file2, ... (written in the GP language) on startup. gp
       is an advanced programmable calculator, which computes symbolically  as  long  as  possible,  numerically
       where  needed,  and  contains  a  wealth  of  number-theoretic  functions  (elliptic  curves, class field
       theory...). It can be programmed with the GP scripting language. Its basic data types are

       numbers
              integers, real numbers,  exact  rational  numbers,  algebraic  numbers,  p-adic  numbers,  modular
              integers (integers modulo n), complex numbers,

       polynomials, rational functions,
              and power series,

       integral binary quadratic forms,

       matrices, vectors,
              and lists,

       character strings,

       and recursive combinations of these.

OPTIONS

       Command  line  options  are availaible in both short form (-f) and POSIX-like (--fast). Numeric arguments
       can be followed by a modifier k , M or G at  the  user's  convenience;  in  that  case  the  argument  is
       multiplied by 10^3, 10^6, or 10^9 respectively.

       -f, --fast
              Fast start (or factory settings). Do not read .gprc (see below) upon startup.

       -p, --primelimit limit
              Upon  startup,  gp  computes  a  table  of  small primes used in number-theoretic applications. If
              primelimit is set, the table include primes up to that bound instead of the default.  Unreasonably
              high values will considerably increase startup time. Exceedingly  small  values  will  cause  some
              number-theoretic functions to fail with the message "not enough precomputed primes".

       -q, --quiet
              Quiet mode. Don't print headers or history numbers, don't say goodbye.

       -s, --stacksize limit
              Size  of  gp  internal  stack  allocated  on startup. When gp runs out of space, it interrupts the
              current computation and raises a stack overflow exception. If this occurs frequently, start with a
              bigger stack. The stack size can also be increased from within gp, using default(parisize,...); it
              may be convenient to set stacksize from your .gprc.  Note that computations with a  smaller  stack
              may be more efficient due to better data locality. Most computations should need less than 20MB.

       --emacs
              gp can be run in an Emacs shell (see GP User's manual for details). This flag is then required for
              smooth  interaction  with  the  relevant  Emacs  package (pari.el). It is set automatically by the
              pari.el package, and will produce nice display oddities if you set it outside of an Emacs session.

       --help print a summary of available command-line options.

       --test run gp in test mode: suppress printing of history numbers and  wrap  long  output  lines  (to  get
              readable diff output). For benches only.

       --texmacs
              gp  can  be  run  from  a TeXmacs frontend. This flag is set by TeXmacs, to enable special purpose
              communication channels. Do not set it yourself.

       --version
              output version info (banner) then exit.

       --version-short
              output version number then exit.

USE

       ?      to get online help.

       ??     to get extended online help (more precisely, to call the external help program, gphelp by default)

       quit   (or \q), or EOF (Ctrl-D) to quit gp.

       The following works only when gp was linked with GNU readline library:

       arrow keys
              for editing and viewing the input history.

       TAB
               for automatic completion

MANUALS

       The following material is included in the standard distribution (originally in TeX format):

       The User's Guide to PARI/GP
              (users.dvi)

       The User's Guide to the PARI library
              (library.dvi)

       PARI/GP, a tutorial
              (tutorial.dvi)

       PARI/GP reference card
              (refcard.ps): 4 pages, based on an earlier version by Joseph H. Silverman.

       pariemacs.txt
              explains the use of the pari.el package, and how to customize it (prompt, colors).

FILES

       gp     main executable

       $HOME/.gprc
              (or $GPRC if set) read at beginning of execution by each gp shell.  A  default  gprc  gprc.dft  is
              provided with the distribution. If this file cannot be found, /etc/gprc is checked instead.

       pari.log
              default logfile (can be changed in .gprc or interactively using default() )

       pari.ps
              default psfile used for postscript output (as above)

       gphelp default external help program (as above)

       pari.el
              elisp package to run pari in an Emacs shell. Must be loaded from your .emacs file.

       *.gp   GP programs

ENVIRONMENT

       $GPRC  place to look for the user's gprc file (before $HOME/.gprc, ./gprc, and /etc/gprc in this order).

       $GP_DATA_DIR
              directory containing data installed by optional PARI packages.  For example, the Galois resolvents
              files  in  directory galdata/ needed by the polgalois function, in degrees 8 to 11; or the modular
              polynomials in seadata/ used by the ellap function for large base fields.

       $GPHELP
              name of the external help program invoked by ?? and ??? shortcuts.

       $GPTMPDIR
              name of the directory where temporary files will be generated.

HOME PAGE

       PARI's home page resides at
              http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/

MAILING LISTS

       There are three mailing lists devoted to the PARI/GP package (run courtesy of Dan  Bernstein),  and  most
       feedback should be directed to those. They are:

       - pari-announce (moderated): for us to announce major version changes.

       -  pari-dev:  for  everything  related  to  the  development  of  PARI,  including suggestions, technical
       questions, bug reports or patch submissions.

       - pari-users: for everything else.

       To subscribe, send empty messages respectively to

          pari-announce-subscribe@list.cr.yp.to

          pari-users-subscribe@list.cr.yp.to

          pari-dev-subscribe@list.cr.yp.to

BUG REPORTS

       Bugs should be submitted online to our Bug Tracking System, available from PARI's home page, or  directly
       from the URL
              http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/Bugs/
       Further instructions can be found on that page.

TRIVIA

       Despite  the  leading  G, GP has nothing to do with GNU. The first version was originally called GPC, for
       Great Programmable Calculator. For some reason, the trailing C was eventually dropped.

       PARI has nothing to do with the French capital. The name is a pun about the project's early  stages  when
       the  authors  started  to  implement a library for "Pascal ARIthmetic" in the PASCAL programming language
       (they quickly switched to C).

       For the benefit of non-native French speakers, here's a  slightly  expanded  explanation:  Blaise  Pascal
       (1623-1662)  was a famous French mathematician and philosopher who was one of the founders of probability
       and devised one of the first "arithmetic machines".  He  once  proposed  the  following  "proof"  of  the
       existence  of  God  for  the  unbelievers:  whether  He exists or not I lose nothing by believing in Him,
       whereas if He does and I misbehave... This is the so-called "pari de Pascal" (Pascal's Wager).

       Note that PARI also means "fairy" in Persian.

AUTHORS

       PARI was originally written by Christian Batut, Dominique Bernardi, Henri Cohen, and  Michel  Olivier  in
       Laboratoire  A2X (Universite Bordeaux I, France), and was maintained by Henri Cohen up to version 1.39.15
       (1995), and by Karim Belabas since then.

       A great number of people have contributed to the successive improvements which eventually resulted in the
       present version. See the AUTHORS file in the distribution.

SEE ALSO

       dvips(1), emacs(1), gap(1), ghostview(1), gphelp(1), maple(1), perl(1), readline(3), tex(1),  texmacs(1),
       xdvi(1)

COPYING

       This  program  is  free  software;  you  can  redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
       General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY;  without  even
       the  implied  warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
       License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not,  write
       to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

                                                 10 August 2004                                            GP(1)