Provided by: nn_6.7.3-8_amd64 bug

NAME

       nnadmin - nn database administration

SYNOPSIS

       nnadmin [ commands ]

DESCRIPTION

       nnadmin is a control program for the nnmaster(1M) daemon which is responsible for building
       and maintaining the database used by the nn(1) news reader.

       nnadmin allows you to display extracts from the log file, display the  "raw"  contents  of
       the  database,  make  consistency checks on the database, instruct the running nnmaster to
       expire one or more groups, alter the options of the running nnmaster, and much more.

       nnadmin runs in two modes: interactive and non-interactive.

       In interactive mode, simple one line menus are used to show the available operations which
       are  then  selected  by  typing the letter associated with the command (normally the first
       letter in the command name).

       In non-interactive mode, the commands argument will be used as  a  series  of  key-strokes
       which  are  interpreted  exactly as if they were typed in from the keyboard in interactive
       mode.  For example, to stop the nnmaster, the following invocation of nnadmin can be used:
            nnadmin MK
       which will select the (M)aster submenu from the main menu, and then the (K)ill entry  from
       the submenu.

       In  non-interactive  mode,  the  menus  are not displayed and the commands are not echoed!
       nnadmin will exit when there are  no  more  key-strokes  to  be  read  from  the  commands
       argument.   It  is  not  possible to specify a group name in the commands argument, so the
       functionalities of  nnadmin  that  relates  to  specific  groups  are  only  available  in
       interactive mode.

       Some  "dangerous"  commands will require that you confirm them by following them by "Y" on
       the command line.  The most noteable are IY  (initialize  database)  and  EY  (expire  all
       groups).  These commands will be marked with a [Y] following the command name.

       You can also invoke an interactive nnadmin using the :admin command in nn.

SHELL ESCAPES

       At all prompts you can hit `!' to spawn a subshell.

       The  working  directory  of  the  subshell  will be changed to the database directory when
       invoked from the MASTER or DUMP menus, and it will changed to the group's spool  directory
       (if it exists) when invoked from the GROUP menu.

MAIN MENU

       From  the  main  menu  (identified  by  the  ADMIN  prompt)  you  can select the following
       operations:

       C)onf
              Show current configuration parameters such as directories, files, programs, network
              usage, etc.

       E)xpire [Y]
              Send  a  request to the nnmaster daemon to schedule (and run) expire for all groups
              in the database.

       G)roups
              Enter the GROUP submenu.

       I)nit [Y]
              Send a request to the nnmaster daemon to recollect all groups in the database.

       L)og
              Enter the LOG submenu.

       M)aster
              Enter the MASTER submenu.

       Q)uit
              Quit nnadmin.

       S)tat
              Print  general  statistics  about  the  database.   See  the  section  on  Database
              Statistics below.

       U)pdate
              Update the incore copy of the database master index.

       V)alidate
              Make a thorough consistency check on the database.  If inconsistencies are found in
              a group, you will be asked whether a request should be sent to the nnmaster  daemon
              to   recollect   the   group  (in  non-interactive  mode,  requests  will  be  sent
              automatically for all corrupted groups).

       W)akeup
              Send a wakeup signal to the nnmaster daemon to have it receive messages sent to it,
              perform the required actions, and then collect articles as necessary.

       Z (silent validation)
              This  operation  is  identical  to the Validate operation, expect that no output is
              produced during the consistency check; this operation is used by  the  nnmaster  to
              execute the -C option.

THE MASTER MENU

       The  master  menu  (identified  by  the MASTER prompt) provides access to overall database
       information, and to send control messages to the nnmaster daemon.

       C)heck In interactive mode and in verbose batch mode (nnadmin MC), print a message telling
              whether nnmaster is running or not.  In silent batch mode (nnadmin =MC) exit with a
              status code of 0 if nnmaster is running and 1 otherwise;  this  may  be  useful  is
              administrative scripts.

       D)ump  Enter the DUMP submenu.

       F)iles
              Print a listing (using ls(1)) of all the data and index files in the database.

       G)roup
              Print  the  master  index entry for a single group identified by its internal group
              number.

       K)ill
              Stop the nnmaster when it has finished its current task.

       O)ptions
              Change the runtime options of the running nnmaster  daemon.   Currently,  only  the
              value of the -r and -e options can be modified.

       S)tat
              Print  general  statistics  about  the  database.   See  the  section  on  Database
              Statistics below.

       T)race
              Turn the trace option -t on or off in the running nnmaster.

THE DUMP MENU

       The dump menu (identified by the DUMP prompt) allows you to print the master  index  entry
       for various selections of groups in the database.

       A)ll
              Print all groups in the database.

       E)mpty
              Print the empty groups in the database.

       H)oles Print  the groups where the `min' field in the active file is not the first article
              saved in the database (because it doesn't exist or because it is ignored  for  some
              other reason, e.g. bad or old).

       I)gnored
              Print  groups which are ignored, either in the GROUPS file or because of some other
              condition (mainly no spool directory).

       N)on-empty
              Print the non-empty groups in the database.

       V)alid Print the groups which are present in the active file.

       in(W)alid
              Print the groups in the database which are not present in the active file.

THE LOG MENU

       The log menu (identified by the LOG prompt) enables you the extract specific entries  from
       the log file, and to truncate the log file.

       The entries in the log file share the following format:
            <class>: <date> <time> (<user>): <message>
       where  <class>  identifies the message class, the <date> and <time> specify when the entry
       was made, the <user> specifies who created the entry (the letter "M" denote the nnmaster),
       and the <message> is the text of the entry.

       To  extract  the log file entries of a specific class, simply enter the letter identifying
       the class:

       A - admin to master communication
              This class of messages are related to the  sending  of  messages  from  an  nnadmin
              program to the nnmaster daemon.

       B - bad articles
              Reports about bad articles which have been ignored or removed (controlled by the -b
              and -B options to nnmaster).

       C - collection statistics
              Statistics about collection of new articles.  The message has the format:
                   Collect: nnn art, ppp gr, ttt s
              meaning that nnn articles in ppp groups were collected in ttt seconds (real time).

       E - fatal errors
              Fatal  errors  encountered  during  operation.    These   errors   require   manual
              intervention  to  be  fixed  (some  of the fatal errors occur if thing that "cannot
              happen" happens anyway, and may indicate a bug in the software).

       M - nnmaster messages.
              Master start/stop messages.

       N - NNTP related messages
              Various messages related to the NNTP  part  of  the  nnmaster,  mostly  about  lost
              connections  and  failed  attempts  to  connect to the NNTP server.  These messages
              should only appear if you use NNTP, and your NNTP server is down for some reason.

       O - old articles
              Reports related to ignoring (and removing) old articles when building the  database
              (controlled by the -O and -B options to nnmaster).

       R - reports
              Non-fatal error which enables the nnmaster to continue operation, but may prevent a
              user to run nn (file access problems).  Reported problems should be  checked.   The
              most common report message will probably be
                   some.group: no directory
              which  indicates  that  the  spool  directory  for that group has disappeared (most
              likely because it has been rmgroup'ed).

       T - trace output
              Messages produced as a result of using the -t option  on  the  nnmaster.   This  is
              primarily for debugging purposes.

       U - usage statistics
              If  nn is compiled with the STATISTICS option enabled, an entry will be made in the
              log file every time a user has spent more than five minutes on news  reading.   The
              message will have the following format:
                   USAGE hours.minutes
              Since  it  is  possible to suspend nn, or leave the terminal while nn is active, nn
              tries to be intelligent when it calculates the usage time so it  will  reflect  the
              actual  time  spent  on news reading.  The usage statistics can be summarized using
              the nnusage(1M) program.

       V - validation errors
              When inconsistencies are detected in the database during validation, an  entry  for
              each corrupted group will be entered in the log file.

       X - expire statistics
              Messages  similar  to the Collect statistics reporting the result of running expire
              on  the  database.   Reports  related  to  ignoring,  removing,  renumbering,   and
              reactivation of groups are also given class X.

       To  extract a specific entry class, grep(1) is used, so it may take a while on a large log
       file.

       There are also a few special operations on the log file:

       G)roup
              Extract the entries which refers to a specified group.

       (1-9) tail
              Invoke tail(1) to extract the last 10-90 entries in the log file.

       space
              Equivalent to 1 (list last 10 lines of log).

       (.) all
              Display the complete log file.

       (@) clean [Y]
              Move the Log file to Log.old, and create a new empty Log  file.   If  you  want  to
              clean  out  the  old log file as well, simply repeat the clean operation (this will
              result in an empty Log.old file.)

THE GROUP MENU

       When you enter the group menu (identified by the GROUP prompt), nnadmin  will  prompt  you
       for  the  name  of  a  news  group,  which you can enter with the usual completion feature
       described in the nn(1) manual.  You can then  perform  the  following  operations  on  the
       specified group:

       C)lear_flag
              Clear a group specific flag.  See the section on group flags below.

       D)ata
              Dump the contents of the data file containing the extracted article headers for the
              group.

       E)xpire
              Request the nnmaster to run expire on the group.

       F)iles
              List the files (using ls(1)) containing the index and data for the group.

       G)roup
              Switch to another group.

       H)eader
              Dump the master index entry for the group.

       R)ecollect
              Request the nnmaster to recollect all articles in the group.

       S)et_flag
              Set a group specific flag.  See the section on group flags below.

       V)alidate
              Perform validation on the group's database information.

       Z)ap [Y]
              Remove group from news system - this will be done by running  the  rmgroup  program
              which  must  reside in the NEWS_LIB directory.  Of course, this should be done with
              great caution.

INDIVIDUAL GROUP FLAGS

       You can set and clear the following flags for individual  groups  to  control  the  future
       behaviour of nnmaster on that group.

       Notice  that  these  flags  will  be  reset to their default value if you reinitialize the
       database using nnmaster -I.  To change these flags permanently,  they  should  be  set  or
       cleared in the GROUPS file.

       A)lways_digest
              Normally,  nnmaster  will only attempt to split digests into individual articles if
              it can easily recognize an article as  a  digest.   This  requires  that  the  word
              "digest" appears somewhere in the subject line, and that one of the first few lines
              in the body of the  article  loosely  matches  the  subject.   A  few  news  groups
              frequently receives digests which break one or both of these requirements.  To have
              nnmaster split these digests into individual articles anyway, you can turn  on  the
              "always  digest"  flag  on these news groups.  This will instruct nnmaster to treat
              all articles in the group as digests (naturally, articles which are then found  not
              to contain other articles are still treated as normal articles.)

       C)ontrol
              This  is a special flag for the control group.  It indicates that the "Newsgroups:"
              field in the article header cannot be trusted (it does not specify  the  groups  to
              which the article has been posted.)

       D)irectory missing
              This  flag  indicates  that  the spool directory for the news group cannot be found
              (the group has probably been removed with rmgroup(1M)).  It is set automatically be
              the  nnmaster  if  it  cannot access the directory.  When the flag is set, nnmaster
              completely ignores the group, so it can be  used  to  disable  news  collection  in
              specific  groups.   If  you  recreate the group or the directory manually, you must
              also clear this flag to have the nnmaster recognize the group again.

       M)oderated
              Indicates  that  the  group  is  moderated.   This  flag  is  normally  initialized
              automatically from the active file, and it should not be changed lightly.

       N)ever_digest
              This is the opposite of the "always digest" flag; when set, the nnmaster will never
              attempt to split any articles in that group into subarticles.

DATABASE STATISTICS DISPLAY

       When you select the (S)tat operation in the main  or  master  menus,  you  will  get  some
       general statistics about the database:

       initialized
              The time when the database was last rebuild using nnmaster -I.

       last_scan, last_size
              The time stamp on the active file and its size the last time the nnmaster read it.

       no of groups
              The total number of groups in the database.

       Articles
              The  total  number of articles in all groups.  This is not an exact number, because
              it will count split digests as a single article (making the number too small),  and
              it may count some articles that have been expired (making the number too large).

       Disk usage
              The total number of (1 kbyte) disk blocks occupied by the database.

MASTER INDEX ENTRIES

       The  master  index  entries displayed when you select the (H)eader operation in the master
       and group menus contain the following information:

       group_name  group_number
              The first line of the display will show the name of  the  group  and  the  internal
              group number which is used to identify the group in the database.

       first/last art
              This  is the numbers of the first and last article that are currently stored in the
              database.

       active info
              This is the numbers of the first and last article in the news system as  read  from
              the  active  file.  They will normally match the numbers above, but they may differ
              while the nnmaster is working on the group (or it has not  yet  collected  all  the
              articles in the group).

       Offsets: index->..., data->...
              These  values  show the starting position for the next write operation on the index
              and data files.  They are primarily used  for  consistency  checking  and  recovery
              after  a system crash, but after an "expire by rewrite" operation (expire method 2)
              which is performed "in-situ", the data and index files  may  physically  be  longer
              than the actual data stored in them.

       Flags:
              This shows the current flags set for this group.  If no flags are set, the field is
              omitted from the display.  One extra flag which was  not  explained  above  is  the
              BLOCKED  flag;  it is a temporary locking flag set on a group by the nnmaster while
              it is updating the database files for that group to prevent nn  clients  to  access
              that group.

RAW DATABASE DISPLAY

       When you select the (D)ata operation on the group menu, you will get a combined display of
       the raw data and index files for that group.  The index file  contains  a  single  32  bit
       value  for  each  existing  article  number.   This  value is an offset into the data file
       pointing to the header for the corresponding article.

       When nn want to access the article from number N to the last  article,  it  looks  up  the
       offset  for  article  number  N in the index file, and uses this as the starting point for
       reading article header information in the data file.  It then simply reads to the  end  of
       the data file in which the article headers for articles number N+1, N+2, and so on follows
       immediately after the header for article number N.

       The article header information is presented in a very terse form; each of the output lines
       are described below for reference purposes:

       offset = xxxx    , article # = nnnnn   (type)
              This  shows  the  offset  into the data file and the article number.  The offset is
              stored in the index file for quick access.  If no type is printed it  is  a  normal
              article.  Other types are: "digest header" and "digest sub-article".

       xpost(count):  nnn, nnn, nnn, ...
              Cross-postings to other groups are encoded as a list of internal group numbers.

       ts=nn hp=nn fp=nn lp=nn ref=nn[+Re] lines=nn
              These values are used by nn to sort, present, and access an article:
              ts  is  the  time stamp on the article; it is a simple encoding of the posting date
              and time found in the Date: field.
              hp, fp, and lp are offsets into the file containing the article  text:  the  header
              position,  first text position, and last text position.  The first will be zero for
              normal articles, but not for articles in a split digest.  The last will be equal to
              the length of the file for normal articles, but not inside digests.
              ref  is  the  number  of  references  on the Reference: line.  If "+Re" follows the
              number, the subject line contained a "Re:" prefix which has been removed.

       Sender(length): name
              The name of the sender in "ready to print" format, i.e. reduced to 16 characters as
              explained in the nn manual.

       Subj(length): subject
              This  is  the full subject line from the article header (except for Re: prefixes in
              various formats).

FILES

       The $db, $lib, and $news used below are synonyms for the DB_DIRECTORY, LIB_DIRECTORY,  and
       the news system's lib directories respectively.
       $db/MASTER        Database master index
       $db/GROUPS        News group names in MASTER file order
       $db/DATA/nnn.x    Index file for group number nnn
       $db/DATA/nnn.d    Data file for group number nnn
       $master/GATE      Message channel from nnadmin to nnmaster
       $master/MPID      The process id of the nnmaster daemon.
       $Log              The log file (truncate it regularly!)

       The  MASTER  file contains a record for each news group, occurring in the same sequence as
       the group names in the GROUPS file.  The sequence also defines the group numbers  used  to
       identify the files in the database and in a few other places.

       The  GATE file will be created by nnadmin when needed, and removed by nnmaster when it has
       read it.  Therefore, to send a message to the nnmaster requires that you  are  allowed  to
       write in the $master directory.

SEE ALSO

       nn(1), nncheck(1), nngrep(1), nntidy(1)
       nnquery(1M), nnusage(1M), nnmaster(8)

WARNINGS

       The  GATE file is created with the owner and modes of the user that runs nnadmin which may
       cause problems if the owner of the nnmaster process (normally "news") is  not  allowed  to
       read  the  created GATE file (a "umask" of 022 is ok.)  Unless you allow ordinary users to
       create files in the LIB directory where the GATE file  resides,  only  the  owner  of  the
       directory  (normally  "news") and "root" can use nnadmin to send messages to the nnmaster.
       However, to send a wakeup signal to the master, anybody can run
            nnmaster -w

BUGS

       The user interface is completely out of line with the rest of the nn family, and  the  way
       to  run  nnadmin  in  the  non-interactive  mode  is a bit bizarre.  This is not likely to
       change, because I believe there are more important things to do!

AUTHOR

       Kim F. Storm, Texas Instruments A/S, Denmark
       E-mail: storm@texas.dk