Provided by: postgres-xc-client_1.1-2ubuntu2_amd64 
NAME
INSERT - create new rows in a table
SYNOPSIS
[ WITH [ RECURSIVE ] with_query [, ...] ]
INSERT INTO table_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) [, ...] | query }
[ RETURNING * | output_expression [ [ AS ] output_name ] [, ...] ]
DESCRIPTION
Note
The following description applies both to Postgres-XC and PostgreSQL if not described explicitly.
INSERT inserts new rows into a table. One can insert one or more rows specified by value expressions, or
zero or more rows resulting from a query.
The target column names can be listed in any order. If no list of column names is given at all, the
default is all the columns of the table in their declared order; or the first N column names, if there
are only N columns supplied by the VALUES clause or query. The values supplied by the VALUES clause or
query are associated with the explicit or implicit column list left-to-right.
Each column not present in the explicit or implicit column list will be filled with a default value,
either its declared default value or null if there is none.
If the expression for any column is not of the correct data type, automatic type conversion will be
attempted.
The optional RETURNING clause causes INSERT to compute and return value(s) based on each row actually
inserted. This is primarily useful for obtaining values that were supplied by defaults, such as a serial
sequence number. However, any expression using the table's columns is allowed. The syntax of the
RETURNING list is identical to that of the output list of SELECT.
You must have INSERT privilege on a table in order to insert into it. If a column list is specified, you
only need INSERT privilege on the listed columns. Use of the RETURNING clause requires SELECT privilege
on all columns mentioned in RETURNING. If you use the query clause to insert rows from a query, you of
course need to have SELECT privilege on any table or column used in the query.
PARAMETERS
with_query
The WITH clause allows you to specify one or more subqueries that can be referenced by name in the
INSERT query. See Section 7.8, “WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)”, in the documentation and
SELECT(7) for details.
It is possible for the query (SELECT statement) to also contain a WITH clause. In such a case both
sets of with_query can be referenced within the query, but the second one takes precedence since it
is more closely nested.
table_name
The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table.
column_name
The name of a column in the table named by table_name. The column name can be qualified with a
subfield name or array subscript, if needed. (Inserting into only some fields of a composite column
leaves the other fields null.)
DEFAULT VALUES
All columns will be filled with their default values.
expression
An expression or value to assign to the corresponding column.
DEFAULT
The corresponding column will be filled with its default value.
query
A query (SELECT statement) that supplies the rows to be inserted. Refer to the SELECT(7) statement
for a description of the syntax.
output_expression
An expression to be computed and returned by the INSERT command after each row is inserted. The
expression can use any column names of the table named by table_name. Write * to return all columns
of the inserted row(s).
output_name
A name to use for a returned column.
OUTPUTS
On successful completion, an INSERT command returns a command tag of the form
INSERT oid count
The count is the number of rows inserted. If count is exactly one, and the target table has OIDs, then
oid is the OID assigned to the inserted row. Otherwise oid is zero.
If the INSERT command contains a RETURNING clause, the result will be similar to that of a SELECT
statement containing the columns and values defined in the RETURNING list, computed over the row(s)
inserted by the command.
EXAMPLES
Insert a single row into table films:
INSERT INTO films VALUES
('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, '1971-07-13', 'Comedy', '82 minutes');
In this example, the len column is omitted and therefore it will have the default value:
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, '1961-06-16', 'Drama');
This example uses the DEFAULT clause for the date columns rather than specifying a value:
INSERT INTO films VALUES
('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, DEFAULT, 'Comedy', '82 minutes');
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, DEFAULT, 'Drama');
To insert a row consisting entirely of default values:
INSERT INTO films DEFAULT VALUES;
To insert multiple rows using the multirow VALUES syntax:
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind) VALUES
('B6717', 'Tampopo', 110, '1985-02-10', 'Comedy'),
('HG120', 'The Dinner Game', 140, DEFAULT, 'Comedy');
This example inserts some rows into table films from a table tmp_films with the same column layout as
films:
INSERT INTO films SELECT * FROM tmp_films WHERE date_prod < '2004-05-07';
This example inserts into array columns:
-- Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])
VALUES (1, '{{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "},{" "," "," "}}');
-- The subscripts in the above example aren't really needed
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)
VALUES (2, '{{X," "," "},{" ",O," "},{" ",X," "}}');
Insert a single row into table distributors, returning the sequence number generated by the DEFAULT
clause:
INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) VALUES (DEFAULT, 'XYZ Widgets')
RETURNING did;
Increment the sales count of the salesperson who manages the account for Acme Corporation, and record the
whole updated row along with current time in a log table:
WITH upd AS (
UPDATE employees SET sales_count = sales_count + 1 WHERE id =
(SELECT sales_person FROM accounts WHERE name = 'Acme Corporation')
RETURNING *
)
INSERT INTO employees_log SELECT *, current_timestamp FROM upd;
COMPATIBILITY
INSERT conforms to the SQL standard, except that the RETURNING clause is a PostgreSQL extension, as is
the ability to use WITH with INSERT. Also, the case in which a column name list is omitted, but not all
the columns are filled from the VALUES clause or query, is disallowed by the standard.
Possible limitations of the query clause are documented under SELECT(7).