Ubuntu Manpage: firewalld.richlanguage - Rich Language Documentation

NAME

       firewalld.richlanguage - Rich Language Documentation

DESCRIPTION

With the rich language more complex firewall rules can be created in an easy to understand
way. The language will use keywords with values and will be an abstract representation of
ip*tables rules. Zones can be configured using this language, the current configuration
will still be supported.

The rich language extends the current zone elements (service, port, icmp-block, masquerade
and forward-port) with additional source and destination addresses, logging, actions and
limits for logs and actions.

This page describes the rich language used in the command line client and D-Bus interface.
For information about the rich language representation used in the zone configuration
files, please have a look at firewalld.zone(5).

A rule is part of a zone. A zone can contain several rules. If some rules
interact/contradict, the first rule that matches "wins".

General rule structure

The complete rule is provided as a single line string. A destination is allowed here as
long as it does not conflict with the destination of a service and is not allowed for
masquerade at all.

Rule structure for source black or white listing

rule
source
[log]
[audit]
accept|reject|drop

This is used to grant or limit access from a source to this machine or machines that are
reachable by this machine. A destination is not allowed here.

Important information about element options: Options for elements in a rule need to be
added exactly after the element. If the option is placed somewhere else it might be used
for another element as far as it matches the options of the other element or will result
in a rule error.

Rule
rule [family="ipv4|ipv6"]

If the rule family is provided, it can be either "ipv4" or "ipv6", which limits the rule
to IPv4 or IPv6. If the rule family is not provided, the rule will be added for IPv4 and
IPv6. If source or destination addresses are used in a rule, then the rule family need to
be provided. This is also the case for port/packet forwarding.

Source
source address="address[/mask]" [invert="True"]

With the source address the origin of a connection attempt can be limited to the source
address. A source address or address range is either an IP address or a network IP address
with a mask for IPv4 or IPv6. The network family (IPv4/IPv6) will be automatically
discovered. For IPv4, the mask can be a network mask or a plain number. For IPv6 the mask
is a plain number. The use of host names is not supported. It is possible to invert the
sense of an address by adding invert="true" or invert="yes". All but the used address with
match.

Destination
destination address="address[/mask]" invert="True"

With the destination address the target can be limited to the destination address. The
destination address is using the same syntax as the source address.

The use of source and destination addresses is optional and the use of a destination
addresses is not possible with all elements. This depends on the use of destination
addresses for example in service entries.

Service
service name="service name"

The service service name will be added to the rule. The service name is one of the
firewalld provided services. To get a list of the supported services, use firewall-cmd
--get-services.

If a service provides a destination address, it will conflict with a destination address
in the rule and will result in an error. The services using destination addresses
internally are mostly services using multicast.

Port
port port="port value" protocol="tcp|udp"

The port port value can either be a single port number portid or a port range
portid-portid. The protocol can either be tcp or udp.

Protocol
protocol value="protocol value"

The protocol value can be either a protocol id number or a protocol name. For allowed
protocol entries, please have a look at /etc/protocols.

ICMP-Block
icmp-block name="icmptype name"

The icmptype is the one of the icmp types firewalld supports. To get a listing of
supported icmp types: firewall-cmd --get-icmptypes

It is not allowed to specify an action here. icmp-block uses the action reject internally.

Masquerade
masquerade

Turn on masquerading in the rule. A source address can be provided to limit masquerading
to this area, but not a destination address.

It is not allowed to specify an action here.

Forward-Port
forward-port port="port value" protocol="tcp|udp" to-port="port value" to-addr="address"

Forward port/packets from local port value with protocol "tcp" or "udp" to either another
port locally or to another machine or to another port on another machine.

The port value can either be a single port number or a port range portid-portid. The
destination address is an IP address.

It is not allowed to specify an action here. forward-port uses the action accept
internally.

Log
log [prefix="prefix text"] [level="log level"] [limit value="rate/duration"]

Log new connection attempts to the rule with kernel logging for example in syslog. You can
define a prefix text that will be added to the log message as a prefix. Log level can be
one of "emerg", "alert", "crit", "error", "warning", "notice", "info" or "debug". See
syslog(3) for description of levels.

It is possible to limit logging: The rate is a natural positive number [1, ..], the
duration is of "s", "m", "h", "d". "s" means seconds, "m" minutes, "h" hours and "d" days.
The maximum limit value is "1/d" which means at maximum one log entry per day.

Audit
Audit provides an alternative way for logging using audit records sent to the service
auditd. The audit type will be discovered from the rule action automatically. The use of
audit is optional.

Also audit can be limited using the limit tag.

Action
An action can be one of accept, reject or drop.

The rule can either contain an element or also a source only. If the rule contains an
element, then new connection matching the element will be handled with the action. If the
rule does not contain an element, then everything from the source address will be handled
with the action (requires firewalld version 0.3.1).

accept | reject [type="reject type"] | drop

With accept all new connection attempts will be granted. With reject they will not be
accepted and there source will get a reject message. The reject type can be set to use an
other value. With drop all packets will be dropped immediately, there is no information
sent to the source.

Also an action can be limited using the limit tag.

Information about logging and actions
Logging can be done with the log and also with audit. A new chain is added to all zones:
zone_log. This will be jumped into before the deny chain to be able to have a proper
ordering.

The rules or parts of them are placed in separate chains according to the action of the
rule:

zone_log
zone_deny
zone_allow

Then all logging rules will be placed in the zone_log chain, which will be walked first.
All reject and drop rules will be placed in the zone_deny chain, which will be walked
after the log chain. All accept rules will be placed in the zone_allow chain, which will
be walked after the deny chain. If a rule contains log and also deny or allow actions, the
parts are placed in the matching chains.

EXAMPLES

       These are examples of how to specify rich language rules. This format (i.e. one string
       that specifies whole rule) uses for example firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule (see firewall-
       cmd(1)) as well as D-Bus interface.

   Example 1
       Enable new IPv4 and IPv6 connections for protocol 'ah'

           rule protocol value="ah" accept

   Example 2
       Allow new IPv4 and IPv6 connections for service ftp and log 1 per minute using audit

           rule service name="ftp" log limit value="1/m" audit accept

   Example 3
       Allow new IPv4 connections from address 192.168.0.0/24 for service tftp and log 1 per
       minutes using syslog

           rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.0/24" service name="tftp" log prefix="tftp" level="info" limit value="1/m" accept

   Example 4
       New IPv6 connections from 1:2:3:4:6:: to service radius are all rejected and logged at a
       rate of 3 per minute. New IPv6 connections from other sources are accepted.

           rule family="ipv6" source address="1:2:3:4:6::" service name="radius" log prefix="dns" level="info" limit value="3/m" reject
           rule family="ipv6" service name="radius" accept

   Example 5
       Forward IPv6 port/packets receiving from 1:2:3:4:6:: on port 4011 with protocol tcp to
       1::2:3:4:7 on port 4012

           rule family="ipv6" source address="1:2:3:4:6::" forward-port to-addr="1::2:3:4:7" to-port="4012" protocol="tcp" port="4011"

   Example 6
       White-list source address to allow all connections from 192.168.2.2

           rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.2.2" accept

   Example 7
       Black-list source address to reject all connections from 192.168.2.3

           rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.2.3" reject

   Example 8
       Black-list source address to drop all connections from 192.168.2.4

           rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.2.4" drop

NOTES

       firewalld home page at fedorahosted.org:
           http://fedorahosted.org/firewalld/

       More documentation with examples:
           http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/FirewallD

AUTHORS

       Thomas Woerner <twoerner@redhat.com>
           Developer

       Jiri Popelka <jpopelka@redhat.com>
           Developer

NAME

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLES

SEE ALSO

NOTES

AUTHORS